u.s. house committee assignments 2023

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Far-right Republicans Greene and Gosar restored to House committees

Greene will sit on House homeland security committee, Gosar on natural resources and both on oversight

Two far-right members of Congress whose threatening behavior prompted their removal from committees when Democrats controlled the US House were given assignments on Tuesday by the new Republican speaker, Kevin McCarthy .

Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia will sit on the House homeland security committee and the oversight committee . Paul Gosar of Arizona was named to oversight and natural resources.

Democrats removed Greene from committees in February 2021, citing incendiary behavior including advocating the assassination of opponents and voicing support for QAnon and other conspiracy theories, including bizarre claims about 9/11 and the Parkland school shooting.

Eleven Republicans supported Greene’s removal but despite being condemned by party leaders for speaking at a white supremacist conference last February, the Georgia congresswoman has since become close to McCarthy.

Earlier this month, Greene did not join the far-right rebellion which dragged McCarthy through 15 rounds of voting before he was confirmed as speaker.

A congresswoman who recently said the January 6 attack on the US Capitol would have succeeded had she organised it will now sit on the homeland security committee.

That panel is set to spearhead Republican attacks, possibly including impeachment, against Alejandro Mayorkas, Joe Biden’s secretary of homeland security, over immigration policy and border security.

On Tuesday, Greene tweeted : “It is time to restore dignity to the people, Border Patrol, ICE [Immigration and Customs Enforcement], and the families who have lost a loved one to the cartel’s fentanyl murders and illegal alien crime.

“I serve the American people and no one else. As far as I’m concerned American dignity is the only one that matters.”

The oversight committee is also due to lead Republican attacks on Biden and his administration. Its chairman, James Comer of Kentucky, has fronted early salvoes over the discovery of classified documents at a Biden office and residence, from his time as vice-president to Barack Obama.

Gosar, who attended the same white supremacist conference as Greene, was censured and removed from committees in November 2021, after tweeting an anime-style video which showed him striking the New York progressive Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez with a sword and also menacing Biden. Two Republicans supported his removal.

Earlier this month, early in the run of votes by which McCarthy became speaker, Gosar and Ocasio-Cortez were filmed talking to each other in the House chamber.

Ocasio-Cortez told MSNBC : “In chaos, anything is possible, especially in this era.”

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118th Congress Begins

Representative Kevin McCarthy was elected Speaker of the House. He will preside over the chamber for the next two years. Photo by Ike Hayman.

Representative Hakeem Jeffries was elected Minority Leader, becoming the first Black person to lead a major political party in Congress. Photo by Ike Hayman.

440 lawmakers, including 74 new freshmen Members, were sworn in on January 7, 2023. Photo by Ike Hayman.

Members were sworn into office on January 7, 2023

Members-elect were sworn in as Members of the U.S. House of Representatives for the 118th Congress.

Early Saturday morning, on January 7, 2023, Representative Kevin McCarthy (CA-20) was elected Speaker of the House. He will preside over the chamber for the next two years.

"As Speaker of the House, my ultimate responsibility is not to my party, my conference, or even our Congress. My responsibility — our responsibility — is to our country," Speaker McCarthy told the chamber.

Representative Steve Scalise (LA-01) was elected Majority Leader. Representative Hakeem Jeffries (NY-08) was elected Minority Leader, becoming the first Black person to lead a major political party in Congress. 

After his remarks, Speaker McCarthy then swore in the rest of the lawmakers, including 74 new freshman Members.

More details about the Members of the House of Representatives are available from the  Clerk of the House .  Find your representative  and learn more about  visiting the Capitol .

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U.s. house leadership elections, 2023.

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On October 25, 2023, the United States Congress elected Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) as speaker of the House. Johnson was elected in the fourth round of floor voting conducted since the House voted to remove former Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) on October 3. McCarthy was initially elected in the 15th round of floor voting on January 7, 2023, and his removal as speaker marked the first time in United States history a motion to vacate was used to remove a speaker of the House.

The following Republicans were elected to other U.S. House leadership positions by their caucus in November 2022:

• Steve Scalise , majority leader [1]
• Tom Emmer , majority whip [2]
• Elise Stefanik , Republican Conference chairman [3]
• Gary Palmer , Republican Policy Committee chairman [4]
• Richard Hudson , National Republican Congressional Committee chairman [4]

The following Democrats were elected to U.S. House leadership positions by their caucus in November 2022:

• Hakeem Jeffries , minority leader [5]
• Katherine Clark , minority whip [6]
• Pete Aguilar , Democratic Caucus chairman [7]
• James Clyburn , assistant leader [8]

Each party elects leadership responsible for leading the party's conference, setting legislative agendas, marshaling support for bills, and directing committee assignments, among other duties. [9]

The speaker of the House, who presides over sessions of the chamber and is second in the line of presidential succession, is typically elected on the first day the new Congress convenes. Other leadership positions are elected in meetings of the conference prior to the start of a new Congress. [9]

The 118th Congress convened on January 3, 2023.

• 1.1.1 Detailed vote totals
• 1.2.1 Detailed vote totals
• 1.2.2 Background
• 1.2.3 Media coverage
• 1.3 Speaker of the House elections decided by multiple ballots
• 2 Democratic leadership
• 3.1 Majority whip election
• 3.2 Republican Conference chair election
• 5.1 Historical speakers
• 6 Duties of U.S. House leadership
• 8 Footnotes

Speaker of the House

The speaker of the House is typically elected on the first day the new Congress convenes. According to the Congressional Research Service, "The long-standing practice of the House is that electing a Speaker requires a numerical majority of the votes cast by Members 'for a person by name.' This does not mean that an individual must necessarily receive a majority of the full membership of the House, because some Members may not be present to vote (or may instead answer 'present')." If a candidate is not selected on the first vote, the vote is repeated until a speaker is selected. [10]

October 2023: Motion to vacate and speaker election

On October 2, 2023, Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.) filed a motion to vacate, aiming to remove Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) from his position as Speaker of the House. [11] On October 3, the House voted 208-218 on tabling the motion to vacate, meaning a vote on the motion was allowed to proceed. [12] The House then voted 216-210 to remove McCarthy from his position as speaker of the House, marking the first time in United States history a motion to vacate was used to remove a speaker of the House. [13] [14] Following the vote, McCarthy said he would not seek re-election as speaker. [15]

Republicans held their first caucus election for a speaker of the House nominee on October 11. House Majority Leader Steve Scalise (R-La.) defeated Rep. Jim Jordan (R-Ohio) 113-99 in the caucus' secret ballot vote. [16] Scalise withdrew as the nominee the following day. [17] [18] [19] On October 13, Jordan defeated Rep. Austin Scott (R-Ga.) 124-81 in the second Republican caucus vote for a speaker nominee. [20] [21] [22]

The House held the first floor vote for speaker on October 17. After three rounds of voting with no speaker elected, the Republican caucus voted to remove Jordan as their speaker nominee on October 19. [23] Republicans held their third caucus vote for a new speaker on October 24. Nine representatives announced candidacies for speaker nominee: Reps. Pete Sessions (R-Texas), Byron Donalds (R-Fla.), Kevin Hern (R-Okla.), Tom Emmer (R-Minn.), Mike Johnson (R-La.), Jack Bergman , (R-Mich.), Austin Scott (R-Ga.), Gary Palmer (R-Ala.), and Dan Meuser (R-Pa.). [24] [25] [26] [27] Meuser and Palmer withdrew from the race before voting began. [28] [29]

On October 24, Emmer defeated Johnson 117-97 in the fifth round of Republican caucus voting, making him the Republican caucus' third speaker nominee. [30] Emmer withdrew as the nominee later that day. [31] Republicans held another caucus vote on the 24th, where Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) won the nomination. [32]

On October 25, 2023, the House voted 220-209 to elect Johnson as speaker of the House.

See the table below for a summary of each round of floor voting. [33]

Detailed vote totals

• 208 Republicans voted in favor of tabling the motion to vacate.
• Reps. Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.), Ken Buck (R-Colo.), Tim Burchett (R-Tenn.), Eli Crane (R-Ariz.), Warren Davidson (R-Ohio), Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), Bob Good (R-Va.), Nancy Mace (R-S.C.), Cory Mills (R-Fla.), Matt Rosendale (R-Mont.), and Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.).
• Two Republicans, Reps. John R. Carter (R-Texas) and Anna Paulina Luna (R-Fla.) did not vote.
• 207 Democrats voted against tabling the motion to vacate.
• Reps. Cori Bush (D-Mo.), Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), Mary Peltola (D-Alaska), Emilia Sykes (D-Ohio), and Frederica Wilson (D-Fla.).
• 210 Republicans voted against the motion to vacate.
• Reps. Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.), Ken Buck (R-Colo.), Tim Burchett (R-Tenn.), Eli Crane (R-Ariz.), Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), Bob Good (R-Va.), Nancy Mace (R-S.C.), and Matt Rosendale (R-Mont.).
• Reps. John R. Carter (R-Texas), Lance Gooden (R-Texas), and Anna Paulina Luna (R-Fla.).
• 208 Democrats voted for the motion to vacate.
• Reps. Cori Bush (D-Mo.), Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), Mary Peltola (D-Alaska), and Emilia Sykes (D-Ohio).

This was the 16th time in United States history that an election for speaker advanced past the first round of voting. It last occurred in January 2023, when Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) was elected speaker on the 15th ballot.

The first roll call vote was as follows:

• 200 Republicans voted for Jordan.
• Reps. Don Bacon (R-Neb.), Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R-Ore.), Carlos Gimenez (R-Fla.), Jennifer Kiggans (R-Va.), Michael Lawler (R-N.Y.), Doug LaMalfa (R-Calif.).
• Reps. Anthony D'Esposito (R-N.Y.), Andrew Garbarino (R-N.Y.), Nicholas J. LaLota (R-N.Y.).
• Reps. Mario Diaz Balart (R-Fla.), Tony Gonzales (R-Texas), Kay Granger (R-Texas), Mike Kelly (R-Pa.), John Rutherford (R-Fla.), Mike Simpson (R-Idaho), Steve Womack (R-Ark.).
• Rep. Jake Ellzey (R-Texas).
• Rep. Ken Buck (R-Colo.).
• Rep. John James (R-Mich.).
• Rep. Victoria Spartz .
• 212 Democrats voted for Jeffries.
• Rep. Gus Bilirakis (R-Fla.).

LaMalfa changed his vote from McCarthy to Jordan, Spartz changed her vote from Massie to Jordan, and Bilirakis, who was absent during the first round of voting, voted for Jordan. Buchanan changed his vote from Jordan to Donalds, Ferguson changed his vote from Jordan to Scalise, Miller-Meeks changed her vote from Jordan to Granger, and Stauber changed his vote from Jordan to Westerman. Kelly changed his vote from Scalise to Boehner. James changed his vote from Cole to Miller. No other individuals changed their votes.

The second roll call vote was as follows:

• 199 Republicans voted for Jordan.
• Reps. Mario Diaz Balart (R-Fla.), Drew Ferguson (R-Ga.), Tony Gonzales (R-Texas), Kay Granger (R-Texas), John Rutherford (R-Fla.), Mike Simpson (R-Idaho), and Steve Womack (R-Ark.).
• Reps. Don Bacon (R-Neb.), Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R-Ore.), Carlos Gimenez (R-Fla.), Jennifer Kiggans (R-Va.), and Michael Lawler (R-N.Y.).
• Reps. Anthony D'Esposito (R-N.Y.), Andrew Garbarino (R-N.Y.), and Nicholas J. LaLota (R-N.Y.).
• Rep. Vern Buchanan (R-Fla.)
• Rep. Mike Kelly (R-Pa.).
• Rep. Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R-Iowa).
• Rep. Pete Stauber (R-Minn.).

Fitzpatrick changed his vote from Jordan to McHenry, Kean changed his vote from Jordan to McCarthy, and Molinaro changed his vote from Jordan to Zeldin. Bacon, Chavez-DeRemer, Kiggans, and Lawler changed their votes from McCarthy to McHenry. Miller-Meeks changed her vote from Granger to McHenry. James changed his vote from Miller to Donalds. Kelly changed his vote from Boehner to Scalise. Hunt and Van Orden voted for Jordan in the last round and were absent this round, and Gonzalez and Payne voted for Jeffries last round and were absent this round. No other individuals changed their votes.

The third roll call vote was as follows:

• 194 Republicans voted for Jordan.
• Reps. Mario Diaz Balart (R-Fla.), Drew Ferguson (R-Ga.), Tony Gonzales (R-Texas), Kay Granger (R-Texas), Mike Kelly (R-Pa.), John Rutherford (R-Fla.), Mike Simpson (R-Idaho), and Steve Womack (R-Ark.).
• Reps. Don Bacon (R-Neb.), Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R-Ore.), Brian Fitzpatrick (R-Pa.), Jennifer Kiggans (R-Va.), Michael Lawler (R-N.Y.), Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R-Iowa)
• Reps. Anthony D'Esposito (R-N.Y.), Andrew Garbarino (R-N.Y.), Nicholas J. LaLota (R-N.Y.), and Marcus Molinaro (R-N.Y.)
• Reps. Carlos Gimenez (R-Fla.), Thomas Kean Jr. (R-N.J.)
• Reps. Vern Buchanan (R-Fla.) and John James (R-Mich.).
• 210 Democrats voted for Jeffries.
• Reps. Wesley Hunt (R-Texas) and Derrick Van Orden (R-Wis.)
• Reps. Vicente Gonzalez (D-Texas) and Donald Payne Jr. (D-N.J.)
• 220 Republicans voted for Johnson.
• 209 Democrats voted for Jeffries.
• Rep. Derrick Van Orden (R-Wis.)
• Reps. Brendan Boyle (D-Pa.), Lou Correa (D-Calif.), and Vicente Gonzalez (D-Texas).

January 2023: Regular speaker election

In January 2023, the U.S. House held its regular election for speaker of the House at the start of the 118th Congress . Voting began on January 3, and ended on January 7. McCarthy was elected speaker of the House in a 216-212 vote during the 15th round of voting.

See the table below for an overview of each round of voting.

Expand the tabs below to see more detail on each round of voting.

On January 3, 2023, three candidates were nominated for speaker in the first round of voting: Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.), Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.), and Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.). McCarthy was the Republican nominee, and Jeffries was the Democratic nominee. No candidate received enough votes in the first round of voting to be elected speaker. [35]

This was the 15th time in United States history that an election for speaker advanced past the first round of voting. It last occurred in 1923. Click here for a full list of speaker elections that advanced to multiple rounds of voting.

• 203 Republicans voted for McCarthy.
• Biggs, Dan Bishop (R-N.C.), Andrew Clyde (R-Ga.), Eli Crane (R-Ariz.), Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), Bob Good (R-Va.), Paul Gosar (R-Ariz.), Ralph Norman (R-S.C.), Scott Perry (R-Pa.), and Matt Rosendale (R-Mont.).
• Lauren Boebert (R-Colo.), Michael Cloud (R-Texas), Anna Paulina Luna (R-Fla.), Mary Miller (R-Ill.), Andy Ogles (R-Tenn.), and Keith Self (R-Texas).
• One Republican, Josh Brecheen (R-Okla.), voted for Jim Banks (R-Ind.).
• One Republican, Andy Harris (R-Md.), voted for former Rep. Lee Zeldin (R-N.Y.).
• One Republican, Chip Roy (R-Texas), voted for Rep. Byron Donalds (R-Fla.).

A second vote was held on January 3, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, and Jordan were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the second round of voting to be elected speaker.

All the representatives-elect who voted for Biggs in the first round changed their votes to Jordan. Brecheen changed his vote from Banks to Jordan, Harris changed his vote from Zeldin to Jordan, and Roy changed his vote from Donalds to Jordan. No other individuals changed their votes.

The second roll call vote was as follows: [35]

• Biggs, Bishop, Boebert, Brecheen, Cloud, Clyde, Crane, Gaetz, Good, Gosar, Harris, Luna, Miller (IL), Norman, Ogles, Perry, Rosendale, Roy, and Self.

A third vote was held on January 3, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, and Jordan were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the third round of voting to be elected speaker.

Byron Donalds (R-Fla.) changed his vote from McCarthy to Jordan. No other votes changed.

The third roll call vote was as follows: [35]

• 202 Republicans voted for McCarthy.
• Biggs, Bishop, Boebert, Brecheen, Cloud, Clyde, Crane, Donalds, Gaetz, Good, Gosar, Harris, Luna, Miller (IL), Norman, Ogles, Perry, Rosendale, Roy, and Self.

A fourth vote was held on January 4, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, and Donalds were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the fourth round of voting to be elected speaker.

All the representatives-elect who voted for Jordan in the third round voted for Donalds in the fourth round of voting. Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.) changed her vote from McCarthy to present. No other votes changed.

The fourth roll call vote was as follows: [36]

• 201 Republicans voted for McCarthy.
• One Republican, Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.), voted present.

A fifth vote was held on January 4, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, and Donalds were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the fifth round of voting to be elected speaker.

The fifth vote was the first time during this speaker election that all representatives-elect voted the same as they did in the previous round of voting.

The fifth roll call vote was as follows: [36]

• One Republican, Spartz, voted present.

A sixth vote was held on January 4, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, and Donalds were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the sixth round of voting to be elected speaker.

All representatives-elect voted the same in the sixth round of voting as they did in the fifth.

The sixth roll call vote was as follows: [36]

A seventh vote was held on January 5, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, and Donalds were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the seventh round of voting to be elected speaker.

Gaetz changed his vote from Donalds to Donald Trump (R-Fla.). All other representatives-elect voted the same in the seventh round of voting as they did in the sixth.

The seventh roll call vote was as follows: [37]

• Biggs, Bishop, Boebert, Brecheen, Cloud, Clyde, Crane, Donalds, Good, Gosar, Harris, Luna, Miller (IL), Norman, Ogles, Perry, Rosendale, Roy, and Self.
• One Republican, Gaetz, voted for Donald Trump (R-Fla.).

An eighth vote was held on January 5, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, and Donalds were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the eigth round of voting to be elected speaker.

Boebert and Brecheen changed their votes from Donalds to Kevin Hern (R-Okla.). All other representatives-elect voted the same in the eighth round of voting as they did in the seventh.

The eighth roll call vote was as follows: [37]

• Biggs, Bishop, Cloud, Clyde, Crane, Donalds, Good, Gosar, Harris, Luna, Miller (IL), Norman, Ogles, Perry, Rosendale, Roy, and Self.
• 2 Republicans, Boebert and Brecheen, voted for Kevin Hern (R-Okla.).

A ninth vote was held on January 5, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, Donalds, and Hern were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the ninth round of voting to be elected speaker.

Gaetz changed his vote from Trump to Hern. All other representatives-elect voted the same in the ninth round of voting as they did in the eighth.

The ninth roll call vote was as follows: [37]

• 200 Republicans voted for McCarthy.
• 3 Republicans, Boebert, Brecheen, and Gaetz, voted for Kevin Hern (R-Okla.).
• One Republican, Ken Buck (R-Colo.), did not vote.

A tenth vote was held on January 5, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, Donalds, and Hern were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the tenth round of voting to be elected speaker. [38] [39]

Biggs, Crane, Harris, and Rosendale changed their votes from Donalds to Hern. All other representatives-elect voted the same in the tenth round of voting as they did in the ninth. [38]

The tenth roll call vote was as follows: [38]

• Bishop, Cloud, Clyde, Donalds, Good, Gosar, Luna, Miller (IL), Norman, Ogles, Perry, Roy, and Self.
• Biggs, Boebert, Brecheen, Crane, Gaetz, Harris, and Rosendale.
• One Republican, Buck, did not vote.

An eleventh vote was held on January 5, 2023. No candidate received enough votes in the eleventh round of voting to be elected speaker. [38]

Gaetz changed his vote from Hern to Trump. Good changed his vote from Donalds to Hern. All other representatives-elect voted the same in the eleventh round of voting as they did in the tenth. [38]

The eleventh roll call vote was as follows: [38]

• Bishop, Cloud, Clyde, Donalds, Gosar, Luna, Miller (IL), Norman, Ogles, Perry, Roy, and Self.
• Biggs, Boebert, Brecheen, Crane, Good, Harris, and Rosendale.
• One Republican, Gaetz, voted for Trump.

A twelfth vote was held on January 6, 2023. McCarthy, Jeffries, Jordan, and Hern were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the twelfth round of voting to be elected speaker. [40]

Bishop, Cloud, Clyde, Gosar, Donalds, Luna, Miller (IL), Norman, Ogles, Perry, Roy, and Self changed their votes from Donalds to McCarthy. Brecheen changed his vote from Hern to McCarthy. Besides Donalds, who voted for McCarthy in the first two rounds, this was the first time these representatives-elect cast votes for McCarthy.

Spartz changed her vote from present to McCarthy. Gaetz changed his vote from Trump to Jordan. Biggs, Good, and Harris changed their votes from Hern to Jordan. David Trone (D-Md.) voted for Jeffries in the eleventh round, and did not vote in the twelfth. All other representatives-elect voted the same in the twelfth round of voting as they did in the eleventh.

The twelfth roll call vote was as follows: [40]

• 211 Democrats voted for Jeffries.
• 213 Republicans voted for McCarthy.
• Biggs, Gaetz, Good, and Harris.
• Boebert, Crane, and Rosendale.
• Two Republicans, Buck and Wesley Hunt (R-Texas), did not vote.
• One Democrat, David Trone (D-Md.), did not vote

A thirteenth vote was held on January 6, 2023. McCarthy and Jeffries were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the thirteenth round of voting to be elected speaker. [40]

Harris changed his vote from Jordan to McCarthy. This was the first time Harris voted for McCarthy. Boebert, Crane, and Rosendale changed their votes from Hern to Jordan. Trone, who did not vote in the previous round, voted for Jeffries. All other representatives-elect voted the same in the thirteenth round of voting as they did in the twelfth.

The thirteenth roll call vote was as follows: [40]

• 214 Republicans voted for McCarthy.
• Biggs, Boebert, Crane, Gaetz, Good, and Rosendale.

A fourteenth vote was held on January 6, 2023. McCarthy and Jeffries were nominated. No candidate received enough votes in the fourteenth round of voting to be elected speaker. [41]

Crane and Rosendale changed their votes from Jordan to Biggs. Boebert and Getz changed their votes from Jordan to present. Buck and Hunt, who did not vote in the 13th vote, voted for McCarthy. All other representatives-elect voted the same in the fourteenth round of voting as they did in the thirteenth.

The fourteenth roll call vote was as follows: [41]

• 216 Republicans voted for McCarthy.
• Biggs and Good.
• Crane and Rosendale.
• 2 Republicans (Boebert and Getz) voted present.

A fifteenth vote was held on January 7, 2023. McCarthy and Jeffries were nominated. McCarthy received enough votes in the fifteenth round of voting to be elected speaker. [42]

Biggs and Good changed their votes from Jordan to present. Crane and Rosendale changed their votes from Biggs to present. All other representatives-elect voted the same in the fifteenth round of voting as they did in the fourteenth.

The fifteenth roll call vote was as follows: [42]

• 6 Republicans (Biggs, Boebert, Crane, Getz, Good, and Rosendale) voted present.

McCarthy was selected as the Republican nominee for speaker of the House in a 188-31 Republican conference vote on November 15, defeating Rep. Biggs. [43] On December 6, Biggs announced he would still run in the Jan. 3, 2023, speakership election on the House floor. [44]

Along with Biggs, Reps. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), Ralph Norman (R-S.C.), Bob Good (R-Va.), and Matt Rosendale (R-Mont.) expressed opposition to McCarthy's bid for speaker. [45] As of January 3, Republicans were set to gain a 222-212 majority in the House, with one formerly Democratic seat vacant.

A speaker candidate needs to win a majority of votes cast for a person by name. If the representatives opposing McCarthy cast present votes or didn't cast a vote, the majority threshold a speaker candidate requires would be lowered. [46] This last occurred in 2021 , when Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) won the speakership with only 216 votes, two votes short of the 218 that normally constitutes a majority in the 435-member chamber. Because only 427 representatives voted for someone by name, 214 votes were required for the speaker to be elected that year. If the members opposing McCarthy cast their votes for someone else, this would mean that no speaker candidate received a majority in the first vote. [46] In this case, the vote would be repeated until a candidate received a majority. This last occurred in 1923, when Rep. Frederick Huntington Gillett (R) was elected speaker after the 9th round of voting. [47]

The Washington Post 's Aaron Blake wrote, "to the extent that their opposition is more than a momentary protest, they could make the party confront the challenge of finding an alternative who can get to 218 votes or a majority." [46]

The Associated Press ' Kevin Freking and Farnoush Amiri wrote, "While McCarthy is expected to prevail in his quest for the speaker’s gavel, it is destined to come at a political price. [...] Every new commitment from McCarthy can be seen as a potential strategic move, intended to quell skeptics on his right flank as he reaches for the speaker’s gavel." [48]

McCarthy served as minority leader in the 116th and 117th Congress . He announced his bid for speaker on November 9, saying: "I will be a listener every bit as much as a Speaker, striving to build consensus from the bottom-up rather than commanding the agenda from the top-down. That means putting the right people in the right spots and harnessing the power of our entire conference." [49]

Biggs announced he would also seek the speakership on November 14. In an interview with Newsmax , Biggs said "We have a new paradigm here, and I think the country wants a different direction from the House of Representatives. [...] But this is not just about Kevin. I think it’s about the institutional direction and trajectory." [50]

Media coverage

Click the links below to view media coverage of the January 2023 speaker election.

• Associated Press , "McCarthy elected House speaker in rowdy post-midnight vote"
• Brookings Institution , "McCarthy paid a steep price for his Speakership—Now what?"
• FiveThirtyEight , "Republicans Didn’t Get Less Popular After All That Speaker Drama — They Were Already Unpopular"
• Fox News , "The vote for House speaker"
• National Review , "McCarthy Wins Speakership on 15th Attempt, Breaking Historic Impasse after Late-Night Drama"
• New York Post , "Kevin McCarthy elected House speaker on the 15th vote, most since before the Civil War"
• The New York Times , "McCarthy Wins Speakership on 15th Vote"
• NPR , "Historic House speaker showdown highlighted matters of race and representation"
• PBS , "McCarthy elected House speaker after chaotic votes in late-night session"
• Reuters , "Kevin McCarthy elected House speaker, but at a cost"
• The Wall Street Journal , "Speaker Fight Could Preview Months of Turmoil in Congress"
• The Washington Post , "Kevin McCarthy elected House Speaker, breaking historic deadlock"

Speaker of the House elections decided by multiple ballots

The table below lists all speaker of the House elections decided by multiple ballots.

Democratic leadership

Democratic leadership elections took place on November 30, 2022. [51] The election for assistant leader was delayed until December 1.

The following representatives were elected to leadership positions in the 118th Congress :

• Hakeem Jeffries , minority leader : Jeffries was elected without opposition, becoming the first Black representative to lead a party in congress. [52]
• Katherine Clark , minority whip : Clark was elected without opposition. [53]
• Pete Aguilar , Democratic Caucus chairman : Aguilar was elected without opposition. [54]
• James Clyburn , assistant leader : Clyburn was elected without opposition. David Cicilline had announced he would seek the position, but withdrew his candidacy on December 1. [55]

Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) announced on November 17 that she would not seek election to a leadership post in the 118th Congress . [56] She had led the Democratic caucus in the U.S. House since 2003. [57] [58] Steny Hoyer (D-Md.), the former majority leader, also announced he would not seek a leadership position, and The Hill reported that James Clyburn (D-S.C.), the former majority whip, would seek the position of assistant leader. [59]

On November 18, Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.) announced his candidacy for minority leader, Katherine Clark (D-Mass.) announced her candidacy for minority whip, and Pete Aguilar (D-Calif.) said he would seek the position of Democratic Caucus chair. [60]

Republican leadership

Republican leadership elections took place on November 15, 2022. [61]

• Steve Scalise , majority leader : Scalise was re-elected without opposition. [62]
• Tom Emmer , majority whip : Emmer defeated Jim Banks 115-106. [63] Click here to read more about this election .
• Elise Stefanik , Republican Conference chairman : Stefanik defeated Byron Donalds 144-74. [3] Click here to read more about this election .
• Gary Palmer , Republican Policy Committee chairman : Palmer was re-elected without opposition. [4]
• Richard Hudson , National Republican Congressional Committee chairman : Hudson was elected without opposition. [4]

Majority whip election

Rep. Tom Emmer (R-Minn.) was elected majority whip in the second round of voting with 115 votes to Rep. Jim Banks ' (R-Ind.) 106. Three candidates ran in the first round: Banks, who received 82 votes, Emmer, who received 72 votes, and Rep. Drew Ferguson (R-Ga.), who received 71 votes. Ferguson was eliminated after the first round of voting.

Emmer announced his bid for majority whip on November 9, saying he would "incorporate a culture of teamwork, communication, and respect that will once again be the driving force behind an operation focused on one thing: winning." His endorsements for the role included Rep. Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.), former chairman of the House Freedom Caucus , and Rep. David Joyce (R-Ohio), chairman of the Republican Governance Group. [64]

Banks also announced his bid for majority whip on November 9, saying "I am running to be majority whip for our entire conference. I’m asking for your support because I want to listen and to be your voice." [65] He was endorsed for the role by Concerned Women for America. [64]

Ferguson said in a letter to colleagues announcing his bid that his "vision for the operation is a proactive, data-driven approach to tackle difficult issues and ensure members have what they need to make an informed vote for their constituents and the country." Ferguson served as chief deputy whip in the 117th Congress . [66]

Republican Conference chair election

Rep. Elise Stefanik (R-N.Y.) was re-elected Republican conference chair on November 15, defeating Rep. Byron Donalds (R-Fla.) 144-74. [3] Stefanik served in this position for part of the 117th Congress , filling the vacancy left by Liz Cheney (R-Wyo.). In 2021, she defeated Rep. Chip Roy (R-Texas) in the election for the position 134-46. [67]

Stefanik announced her re-election bid on September 13, saying, "I am proud to have unified the entire Republican Conference around our country in crisis message and shattered fundraising records as House GOP Conference Chair raising over $10M for candidates and committees this cycle." [68]

Donalds also announced his bid on September 13, saying, "I found conservatism 14 years ago. And I found it because the policies I saw coming out of Washington were not going to help America. And I think that that perspective and that background can only help our ranks grow as a party." [68]

According to the Congressional Research Service (CRS), leaders in the United States House of Representatives are typically "elected by the [minority or majority] party caucus or conference at organizational meetings prior to the start of a new Congress." Candidates for leadership positions must receive a simple majority vote within their caucus or conference in order to win election to the role.

The only leadership position that receives a formal vote on the House floor is speaker of the House. The vote is held on the first day of a new session of congress, which usually takes place on January 3 of odd-numbered years. In order to win election as speaker, a candidate must receive a simple majority of votes among members who vote for a candidate by name. Per CRS, "the majority party’s candidate is typically elected on a party line vote." [69]

Historical leadership in Congress

Heading into the 2023 leadership elections, the following U.S. representatives held leadership positions: [70]

• Nancy Pelosi (D), speaker of the House
• Steny Hoyer (D), majority leader
• James Clyburn (D), majority whip
• Katherine Clark (D), assistant speaker
• Hakeem Jeffries (D), Democratic Caucus chairman
• Kevin McCarthy (R), minority leader
• Steve Scalise (R), minority whip
• Elise Stefanik (R), Republican Conference chairman
• Gary Palmer (R), Republican Policy Committee chairman

Historical speakers

The table below shows a list of speakers of the House from 1789 to present.

Duties of U.S. House leadership

The following brief descriptions of the duties of U.S. House leadership in the 117th Congress come from the official website of the U.S. House of Representatives : [70]

• Speaker of the House : Elected by the whole of the House of Representatives, the Speaker acts as leader of the House and combines several roles: the institutional role of presiding officer and administrative head of the House, the role of leader of the majority party in the House, and the representative role of an elected member of the House. The Speaker of the House is second in line to succeed the President, after the Vice President.
• Majority leader : Represents the majority party on the House floor.
• Majority whip : Assists leadership in managing the majority party's legislative program.
• Assistant speaker : Assists the Majority Leader.
• Republican leader / Democratic leader : Represents Republicans or Democrats on the House floor.
• Republican whip / Democratic whip : Assists leadership in managing party's legislative program.
• United States Congress elections, 2022
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• ↑ Twitter , "Jake Sherman on November 15, 2022," accessed November 15, 2022
• ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Twitter , "Jake Sherman on November 15, 2022," accessed November 15, 2022
• ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Roll Call , "McCarthy backed for speaker, but has work to do before January," November 15, 2022
• ↑ Twitter , "Jamie Dupree on November 30, 2022," accessed November 30, 2022
• ↑ Twitter , "Heather Caygle on November 30, 2022," accessed November 30, 2022
• ↑ The Hill , "Cicilline withdraws, clearing path for Clyburn to remain in leadership," December 1, 2022
• ↑ 9.0 9.1 Congressional Research Service , "Party Leaders in the House: Election, Duties, and Responsibilities," accessed November 11, 2022
• ↑ Congressional Research Service , "Electing the Speaker of the House of Representatives: Frequently Asked Questions," November 24, 2020
• ↑ Associated Press , "Rep. Matt Gaetz files motion to oust Speaker Kevin McCarthy, throwing House into new turmoil," October 3, 2023
• ↑ House Clerk , "Roll Call 518 Bill Number: H. Res. 757," accessed October 3, 2023
• ↑ C-SPAN , "House Session, Part 2," October 3, 2023
• ↑ House Clerk , "Roll Call 519 Bill Number: H. Res. 757," accessed October 3, 2023
• ↑ The Hill , "McCarthy won’t run for Speaker again," October 3, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Olivia Beavers on October 11, 2023," accessed October 11, 2023
• ↑ NPR , "Scalise drops out of race for speaker of the House, leaving Congress in limbo," October 12, 2023
• ↑ Politico , "Jordan becomes first to announce run for speaker," October 4, 2023
• ↑ The New York Times , "Scalise and Jordan Announce Bids for Speaker as Vacancy Paralyzes the House," October 4, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Scott on October 13, 2023," accessed October 13, 2023
• ↑ NPR , "Jim Jordan makes second bid for speaker," October 13, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Olivia Beavers on October 13, 2023," accessed October 13, 2023
• ↑ The Washington Post , "House Republicans vote to drop Jim Jordan as speaker nominee," accessed October 20, 2023
• ↑ The Hill , "Floodgates open: Here’s who’s running for Speaker as GOP seeks third nominee," accessed October 21, 2023
• ↑ The Hill , "Emmer sends ‘Dear Colleague’ letter officially announcing Speaker bid," accessed October 21, 2023
• ↑ Alabama Reporter , "Alabama U.S. Rep. Palmer seeking to become Speaker of the House," accessed October 23, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Dan Meuser", accessed October 23, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Jordain Carney on October 23, 2023," accessed October 24, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Gary Palmer on October 24, 2023," accessed October 24, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Olivia Beavers on October 24, 2023," accessed October 24, 2023
• ↑ Twitter , "Olivia Beavers", accessed October 24, 2023
• ↑ The New York Times , "Live Vote Count: Tracking the House Speaker Vote," October 17, 2023
• ↑ This includes all votes cast for a candidate who received one vote at most in all rounds of voting.
• ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 C-SPAN , "Opening Day of the 118th Congress," January 3, 2023
• ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 C-SPAN , "House Session," January 4, 2023
• ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 C-SPAN , "House Session," January 5, 2023
• ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 New York Times , "Live Vote Count: Tracking the House Speaker Votes," January 5, 2022
• ↑ C-SPAN , "U.S. House of Representatives House Session Tenth Vote for Speaker," January 5, 2023
• ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 C-SPAN , "House Session," January 6, 2023
• ↑ 41.0 41.1 Clerk of the United States House of Representatives , "Roll Call 18," January 6, 2023
• ↑ 42.0 42.1 Clerk of the United States House of Representatives , "Roll Call 20," January 7, 2023
• ↑ Axios , "Rep. Andy Biggs challenges McCarthy for speaker," December 6, 2022
• ↑ The Hill , "WHIP LIST: McCarthy searches for 218 GOP Speakership votes," November 25, 2022
• ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 The Washington Post , "Kevin McCarthy’s speaker math," November 18, 2022
• ↑ History, Art & Archives United States House of Representatives , "Speaker Elections Decided by Multiple Ballots," accessed November 30, 2022
• ↑ PBS , "Here’s what McCarthy faces as he looks to become the next House speaker," November 28, 2022
• ↑ Office of the Republican Leader , "Letter," November 9, 2022
• ↑ The Hill , "Rep. Andy Biggs to challenge McCarthy for Speaker," November 14, 2022
• ↑ Twitter , "Chad Pergram on November 10, 2022," accessed November 10, 2022
• ↑ CNN , "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi says she will not run for a leadership post," November 17, 2022
• ↑ House.gov , "Speakers of the House by Congress," accessed November 17, 2022
• ↑ House.gov , "Minority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)," accessed November 17, 2022
• ↑ The Hill , "Hoyer won’t seek House leadership, Clyburn eyeing run for No. 4 spot," November 17, 2022
• ↑ The Hill , "Jeffries announces bid for House Democratic leader," November 18, 2022
• ↑ The Hill , "Trump backs McCarthy for Speaker, Stefanik for House GOP chair," November 8, 2022
• ↑ 64.0 64.1 The Hill , "House GOP campaign chair launches bid for whip leadership post," November 10, 2022
• ↑ Twitter , "Olivia Beavers on November 9, 2022," accessed November 15, 2022
• ↑ RollCall , "GOP prepares for leadership vote after disappointing midterms," November 14, 2022
• ↑ The Texas Tribune , "U.S. Rep. Chip Roy loses bid to replace Liz Cheney as third-ranking House Republican," May 14, 2021
• ↑ 68.0 68.1 Politico , "It's a race for House GOP No. 3 next year — but a lopsided one," September 14, 2022
• ↑ Congressional Research Service , "Party Leaders in the House: Election, Duties, and Responsibilities," November 5, 2018
• ↑ 70.0 70.1 United States House of Representatives , "Leadership," accessed November 19, 2020
• Marquee, analysis page, 2022
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Democrats await key decisions on House Appropriations seats

Hoyer’s return to the committee would bring the total number of Democrats to 27, leaving no room for new members if Aguilar stays on. 

However, Adam B. Schiff , D-Calif., could throw a wrinkle into the committee membership if he decides to return to Appropriations, where he retains seniority rights from taking leave to serve on the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Speaker Kevin McCarthy , R-Calif., has vowed to remove Schiff from the Intelligence Committee, where Schiff has served as top Democrat since 2015. 

Jeffries wrote to McCarthy on Saturday urging the speaker, who makes appointments to the Intelligence Committee, to seat Schiff on it. 

Schiff signaled earlier this month that he was not eyeing a return to Appropriations, saying he is fully focused on remaining on Intelligence. A Schiff spokeswoman said McCarthy needs to formally remove him from the committee before the office is ready to discuss other potential committee assignments.  

Schiff is also on leave from the Judiciary Committee and could return to his seniority there instead of Appropriations if he loses his Intelligence seat. Democrats hopes McCarthy makes an announcement soon so they can resolve where Schiff and fellow California Democratic Rep. Eric Swalwell , whom McCarthy is also planning to boot from the Intelligence panel, will land. 

If Schiff returns to Appropriations, Joseph D. Morelle , D-N.Y., could lose his spot as the least-senior member. Morelle was appointed in September after former Rep. Charlie Crist , D-Fla., resigned to focus on his ultimately unsuccessful campaign for governor. 

Schiff’s return could also shake up the lineup of subcommittee ranking members. He would have the seniority to be the top Democrat on the State-Foreign Operations panel, a role currently held by  Barbara Lee of California. Both Schiff and Lee are expected to run for Senate. 

Regardless of Schiff’s decision, there likely won’t be room for new members on Appropriations, despite Democrats requesting seats on the popular panel. Ilhan Omar of Minnesota sent a letter earlier this month expressing her interest in serving on the Appropriations Committee to “fight for investments in education, public health, the environment, infrastructure,” among other priorities. 

Omar wrote that she understands Appropriations seats are typically reserved for more senior members, but she believes she offers “a bold vision and unique background” that would benefit her as an appropriator “either in the 118th or in future Congresses.”

Omar also wants to continue serving on the Foreign Affairs and Education panels, but House Republicans are expected to try to vote her off Foreign Affairs. 

Ways and Means

House Ways and Means is keeping the same split it had last Congress, which means 25 seats for Republicans in the majority and 18 spots for Democrats now in the minority. Three Democrats on the panel didn’t seek reelection, so Democrats are left with 22 returning committee members.

After Pennsylvania Rep. Brendan F. Boyle took over as the top Democrat on the Budget Committee this year, he’s expected to step off Ways and Means but continue accruing seniority, which would account for one lost seat.

Democrats are expected to decide the remaining three exits based on seniority, but keep any members booted off involved in tax, trade and other issues before Ways and Means. A seniority-based decision would mean  Jimmy Gomez of California and  Steven Horsford of Nevada, along with Virgin Islands Del. Stacey Plaskett , would likely lose their spots.

Gomez and Horsford joined the panel in the same year as other Democrats, but have less seniority based on when they were elected to the House. Ways and Means includes four other California Democrats but no other lawmakers from Nevada.

Plaskett was the most recent Democratic addition to Ways and Means. Democrats tapped her for the seat in late 2020, and she touted her addition as the first delegate from a territory to be placed on the coveted panel. At the time, Plaskett pointed to the committee’s work on a range of issues, including the “rum cover over” that funnels rum tax revenue to the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.

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Speaker Phelan Announces Final House Committee Assignments for 2023 Legislature in Austin

• by: Gilbert Rodriguez

• Currently, 86 Republicans and 64 Democrats serve in the Texas House.
• There are 37 committee chairs appointed in total, including the Speaker Pro Tempore, a leadership position equivalent to a chair. Of those 37 appointments, 28 (~75%) are Republicans and 9 (~25%) are Democrats.
• Phelan also continued two select committees formed during the interim of the 87th Legislature: the Select Committee on Health Care Reform and the Select Committee on Youth Health and Safety. 
• 11 chairs and 17 vice chairs are Black, Hispanic or Asian-American;
• 22 chairs and 32 vice chairs represent urban areas of the state; and
• 14 chairs and 4 vice chairs represent rural areas of the state.
• In the interest of a fair and objective process, Speaker Phelan has chosen not to appoint chairs of other committees to simultaneously serve on House Calendars.

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