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برائے مہربانی امتحانی مشقیں حل کرنے سے پہلے درج ذیل ہدایات کو غور سے پڑھیے ۔ہدایات برائے طلبامیٹرک، ایف اے اور بی اے پروگرامز

۔1۔ تمام سوالات لازمی ہیں اور تمام سوالات کے نمبر مساوی ہیں البتہ ہر سوال کی نوعیت کے مطابق نمبر تقسیم ہوں گے۔ ۔2۔ سوالات کو توجہ سے پڑھیے اور سوال کے تقاضے کے مطابق جواب تحریر کیجیے۔ ۔3- مقررہ تاریخ کے بعد/تاخیر کی صورت میں امتحانی مشقیں اپنے متعلقہ ٹیوٹر کو نہ بھیجنے کی صورت میں تمام تر ذمہ داری طالب علم پر ہو گی۔ ۔4۔ آپ کے تجزیاتی اور نظریاتی طرزِ تحریر کی قدر افزائی کی جائے گی۔ ۔5۔ غیر متعلقہ بحث / معلومات اور کتب، سٹڈی گائیڈ یا دیگر مطالعاتی مواد سے ہو بہو نقل کرنے سے اجتناب کیجیے۔

Please read the following instructions for writing your assignments.

(SSC, HSSC & BA Programmes)

1. All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks but within a question the marks are distributed according to its requirements. 2. Read the question carefully and then answer it according to the requirements of the question. 3. Late submission of assignments will not be accepted. 4. Your own analysis and synthesis will be appreciated. 5. Avoid irrelevant discussion/information and reproducing from books, study guide or allied material۔

Rollno Slips / End Term Assesment (Q P) for Semester Autumn 2019

• How To Write AIOU Assignments
• Post author: Admin
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How To Write AIOU Assignments ? s a crucial question Writing assignments for Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) follows a specific format and structure. Below, I’ll outline the general steps to help you write an effective AIOU assignment:

Table of Contents

1. Understand the Assignment Requirements: Begin by carefully reading and understanding the assignment instructions and guidelines provided by your course instructor or tutor. Pay attention to the assignment topic, word count, formatting, and the submission deadline.

2. Research and Gather Information: Conduct research on the assigned topic using course materials, textbooks, lecture notes, and relevant external sources. Take thorough notes during your research to ensure you have sufficient information to support your assignment.

3. Create an Outline: Organize your thoughts and ideas by creating an outline for your assignment. Include sections for the introduction, main body, and conclusion. Outlining will help you structure your assignment logically.

4. Write the Introduction: The introduction should provide a clear and concise overview of the topic you are addressing. It should also present your thesis statement or the main purpose of your assignment.

5. Develop the Main Body: The main body of your assignment is where you present your arguments, ideas, and evidence. Each paragraph should focus on a single point or idea related to the topic. Use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph, and ensure there’s a logical flow from one point to the next.

6. Include Evidence and Examples: Support your arguments and claims with relevant evidence, examples, and data. Cite your sources appropriately using the prescribed citation style (typically APA or MLA). Make sure to provide references for each source.

7. Offer Critical Analysis: AIOU assignments often require critical analysis and evaluation of the topic. Go beyond summarizing information by providing your insights, opinions, and critiques. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the subject matter.

8. Write a Cohesive Conclusion: In the conclusion, restate your main points and summarize your argument. Make sure your conclusion aligns with the introduction and addresses the assignment’s purpose. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.

9. Proofread and Edit: Carefully proofread your assignment for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and formatting issues. Editing helps ensure your assignment is clear, coherent, and free of errors.

10. Format Citations and References: Use the prescribed citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) to format your citations and references accurately. Include a bibliography or works cited page that lists all the sources you’ve used.

11. Avoid Plagiarism: How To Write AIOU Assignments to Plagiarism is a serious academic offense. Always attribute ideas and information to their sources. Use quotations for direct text and provide citations for paraphrased content.

12. Submit On Time: Meet the assignment submission deadline. Late submissions can result in penalties, including grade deductions. Plan your time wisely to ensure you have ample time for research, writing, and editing.

13. Seek Clarifications: If you have any doubts or need clarification on the assignment, don’t hesitate to contact your course instructor or tutor for assistance.

Remember that academic integrity is essential, and submitting original work that reflects your understanding of the course material is the goal. By following these steps, you can write effective AIOU assignments and achieve success in your studies.

“How To Write AIOU Assignments on Your Mobile Device

Introducing a user-friendly method for all Allama Iqbal Open University students to effortlessly create assignments on mobile devices. Many individuals encounter challenges when it comes to article composition, so here, we will guide you through the process of preparing your assignments using an Android mobile phone without the need for manual typing.

How To Write AIOU Assignments on Mobile for AIOU in English and Urdu

In the spring semester of 2023, the Allama Iqbal Open University is making a significant move towards the future. They have officially put an end to handwritten assignments, introducing a modern procedure for students pursuing BS, BA, B.COM, BSC, B.ED, MA, MS, M.ED, M.COM, MBA, M.SC, M.PHIL, and Ph.D. degrees.

All undergraduate and postgraduate students are now required to type their AIOU assignments for submission on the AIOU Aaghi LMS Portal. This portal, recently launched, allows students to easily and swiftly upload their assignment data from anywhere in Pakistan and around the world. This development offers students a remarkable opportunity to streamline their information submission process. How To Write AIOU Assignments?

The Complete Procedure for Typing AIOU Assignments on Mobile

This simplified and accessible process is designed for individuals who may not be familiar with using mobile devices. It’s perfect for those who prefer a hassle-free approach to typing assignments on a computer or cell phone. Follow these steps carefully:

• Begin by installing the Microsoft Word application on your Android mobile phone.
• Open the app and tap the ‘+’ button to create a new document.
• The application will display a new blank file.
• Click on the microphone icon.
• Access the settings and select your preferred language, whether it’s English or Urdu.
• Tap the microphone button again and start speaking in your chosen language (English, Urdu, Pashto, or any other).
• Your mobile device will automatically transcribe your spoken words into text.
• How To Write AIOU Assignments?

This progressive initiative by the Allama Iqbal Open University in Islamabad signifies a substantial step towards improving the educational experience for students. By following this straightforward procedure, students can now easily understand how to type AIOU assignments on a mobile device using a speech-to-text application.

It’s evident that the convenience of typing assignments online using Microsoft Word and mobile devices while speaking in both Urdu and English has greatly benefited students.

Additional Resources: Workshop Attendance, Tutors, BA Result, Admission Fee, Degree Tracking.” How To Write AIOU Assignments

Important Instructions for writing AIOU Assignments

Guidelines how to write aiou assignments.

Writing assignments for Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is a crucial part of the learning process for various programs, including AD, BS, M.Ed, MA/MSc, Med, and ATTC in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) mode. To ensure that you meet the university’s standards and expectations, it’s essential to adhere to specific guidelines. In this article, we will explain these important instructions to help you produce effective AIOU assignments.

Guidelines for How To Write AIOU Assignments

• Equal Mark Distribution within a Question: All questions in your assignment are compulsory, and they carry equal marks. However, within a single question, marks may be allocated to different aspects based on the question’s requirements. Pay close attention to how the marks are distributed for each question.
• Relevance and Originality: Avoid irrelevant discussions, information, or excessive reproduction from textbooks, study guides, or any other supplementary materials. Your assignments should reflect your own understanding and insights regarding the topic. How To Write AIOU Assignments
• Scanned Handwritten Assignments (Urdu/Arabic Only): If you are attempting your assignments in Urdu or Arabic, you have the option to scan your handwritten work and upload it as a PDF file on the University’s Learning Management System (LMS). The file size should not exceed 5 MB. This option is not available for assignments in other languages. How To Write AIOU Assignments?
• Typed Assignments in Word or PDF Format: For assignments in languages other than Urdu or Arabic, it is mandatory to type your work. Use either Word or PDF format for typing your assignments. This ensures legibility and uniformity in presentation.
• Submission on or Before the Due Date: To avoid late submission issues, make sure to upload your assignments on the University’s LMS before the specified due date. Late assignments cannot be submitted or uploaded once the deadline has passed.
• Careful Reading and Adherence to Question Requirements: Before you start writing, carefully read the questions, paying attention to what is being asked. Tailor your responses according to the specific requirements of each question. This ensures that you address the question comprehensively.

By adhering to these guidelines, you can create AIOU assignments that meet the university’s standards and expectations. Remember that these instructions are crucial for maintaining academic integrity and demonstrating your own understanding of the course material. Follow these guidelines, manage your time effectively, and seek clarification from your instructors if you have any doubts, and you will be well on your way to academic success at AIOU.

How to write assignment of aiou

Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is known for its unique approach to education, offering distance learning opportunities to countless students in Pakistan and around the world. To succeed in your academic journey at AIOU, you’ll need to become proficient in crafting well-structured and compelling assignments. In this guide, we will unravel the secrets of writing assignments for AIOU that not only meet the institution’s standards but also set you on the path to academic excellence.

• Understand the Assignment Guidelines How To Write AIOU Assignments

Before you even begin drafting your assignment, it is crucial to thoroughly read and comprehend the assignment guidelines provided by your instructor or as per the course outline. How To Write AIOU Assignments is specific about the format, length, and content requirements for assignments, and failing to adhere to these guidelines can result in lower grades.

• Research Extensively

To write a stellar assignment, you need to become an expert on the topic you’re addressing. Research plays a vital role in this process. Make use of the university’s library resources, online databases, and academic journals to gather credible information. Ensure that your sources are up to date, relevant, and reliable.

• Plan and Organize

Start your assignment with a clear plan. Divide your work into manageable sections or chapters. This not only helps you stay organized but also ensures a logical flow in your assignment. For instance, How To Write AIOU Assignments an introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusion are essential components for most assignments.

• Craft a Strong Introduction

The introduction sets the tone for your assignment. It should provide a brief overview of the topic, the purpose of the assignment, and the research question or thesis statement. Engage your reader from the very beginning by highlighting the significance of the topic.

• Present a Comprehensive Literature Review

A well-structured literature review demonstrates your understanding of the subject and provides context for your research. It’s a critical part of your assignment where you analyze existing research and highlight the gaps your study aims to address.

• Methodology Matters

Explain the research methods you’ve used in detail. Whether it’s surveys, interviews, experiments, or content analysis, your readers should be able to replicate your research based on your description. Discuss How To Write AIOU Assignments the rationale behind your chosen methodology and address potential limitations.

• Analyze and Interpret Your Findings

If your assignment includes data analysis, present your findings in a clear and concise manner. Use tables, charts, or graphs where applicable to aid comprehension. Then, interpret the results and discuss their implications. How To Write AIOU Assignments

• Engage in Critical Thinking

AIOU assignments often require critical thinking and the ability to analyze and evaluate information. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your research, as well as any biases or limitations. This demonstrates your capacity to think critically and engage with the subject matter.

• Cite Your Sources Properly

Citations are essential to avoid plagiarism and to give credit to the original authors. AIOU usually follows the APA or Harvard referencing style, so make sure you understand and apply the correct citation style consistently throughout your assignment.

• Proofread and Edit

Before submitting your assignment, proofread it carefully. Look for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and ensure that your content is well-structured and coherent. You might also consider seeking feedback from peers or a mentor. How To Write AIOU Assignments

Writing assignments for AIOU requires attention to detail, thorough research, and clear communication. By following these guidelines and dedicating time to your assignments, you can excel in your studies and make the most of your Allama Iqbal Open University education. Remember, the key to success lies in your dedication and commitment to mastering the art of assignment writing. How To Write AIOU Assignments

Some Official Instructions on How To Write AIOU Assignments?

• All written assignment must be well organized, presented in an easy-to-read format, and neat. If your handwriting is not legible, type or compose the written assignment. Moreover, pay particularly close attention to grammar, spelling, punctuation and understandability. Communication is extremely important in this course.
• Documentation is likewise very important. Un-supported statements or opinions without citation/reference are worth less to the reader who desires to verify your finding. Complete and specific documentation is mandatory. Also, your references should be from primary sources, except in rare and unusual situation.
• Quoting should be kept to an absolute minimum.
• Before writing the assignment, you are advised to thoroughly study the guidelines for assignment writing.
• Keeping in view the topics studied in the subject, students are required to submit a Critical review essay considering the Guidelines for Writing Research Papers.

What is this course about?

The endeavor of this predominately Distance Learning with enhanced Face-to-Face Component course is to enable students to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills (or to further develop their existing knowledge and skills), to be able to successfully complete a significant research project in a managerial environment. The course aims to help you to develop an understanding of how research is carried out in management settings and appreciate some of the specific problems and issues they are likely to face. It introduces you to the field of management and business studies and the associated range of research paradigms and theoretical traditions. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of competing approaches to research and some of the main ethical and practical problems that you are likely to confront in carrying out research into organizations.

In this course you will be introduced to the complexities and differences in research methods currently being utilized in management related disciplines. You will primarily learn how to select your research topic, to frame your research question(s), how to undertake the answering of that question and how to present your work to examination level.

By the completion of this course, you will

• Understand the major approaches to business research and the methodological choices that need to be made
• Understand the various aspects of research design and be able to design managerial research
• Be able to access library resources using various retrieval techniques
• Understand the requirements of a literature review, How To Write AIOU Assignments
• Understand the principles of quantitative and qualitative data analysis
• Be familiar with the various quantitative and qualitative methods of data gathering and have knowledge of methods appropriate to your research
• Be familiar with the ethical issues involved in managerial research
• Be able to prepare and present a research proposal

Warning against Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the presentation of the work, idea or creation of another person without appropriate referencing as though it is one’s own. Plagiarism is not permitted in this course. The use of another person’s work or ideas must be acknowledged. Failure to do so may result in charges of academic misconduct which carry a range of penalties including cancellation of results and exclusion from this course.

University Plagiarism Statement

Plagiarism: the presentation of the work, idea or creation of another person as though it is your own. It is a form of cheating and is a very serious academic offence that may lead to expulsion from the programme. Plagiarised material can be drawn from and presented in, written, graphic and visual form, including electronic data and oral presentations. Plagiarism occurs when the origin of the material used is not appropriately cited.

Examples of plagiarism include

• Copying sentences or paragraphs word-for-word from one or more sources, whether published or unpublished, which could include but is not limited to books, journals, reports, theses, websites, conference papers, course notes, etc. without proper citation
• Closely paraphrasing sentences, paragraphs, ideas or themes without proper citation
• Piecing together text from one or more sources and adding only linking sentences
• Copying or submitting whole or parts of computer files without acknowledging their source
• Copying designs or works of art and submitting them as your original work
• Copying a whole or any part of another student’s work
• Submitting work as your own that someone else has done for you
• Enabling Plagiarism
• The act of assisting or allowing another person to plagiarise or to copy your own work.

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• 1st Pages For AIOU Assignments , Home

Title page for Aiou Assignments

What is an assignment front page?

The immediate page that can be seen right after the cover page is known as a front page. The front page is also known as a title page. It is as important as the cover page. An assignment can be submitted without a cover page however, the assignment front page can never be skipped.

Tittle page is made for assignments that a student paste as cover page of assignments on that the name of student and all other details about student and assignment is written and that can beautyfy the assignment and presentation

Student title page

The student title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation, course number and name for which the paper is being submitted, instructor name, assignment due date, and page number, as shown in this example.

to Download page in ms word click the link given below:

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علامہ اقبال اوپن یونیورسٹی  کی   حل شدہ اسائنمنٹس۔ پی ڈی ایف۔ ورڈ فائل۔ ہاتھ سے لکھی ہوئی، لیسن پلین، فائنل لیسن پلین، پریکٹس رپورٹ، ٹیچنگ پریکٹس، حل شدہ تھیسس، حل شدہ ریسرچ پراجیکٹس انتہائی مناسب ریٹ پر گھر بیٹھے منگوانے کے لیے  واٹس ایپ پر رابطہ کریں۔ اس کے علاوہ داخلہ بھجوانے ،فیس جمع کروانے ،بکس منگوانے ،آن لائن ورکشاپس،اسائنمنٹ ایل ایم ایس پر اپلوڈ کروانے کے لیے رابطہ کریں۔

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How to Submit Assignments on Aaghi LMS Portal in 10 steps – AIOU

Allama Iqbal Open University is paying sufficient attention to providing ease to the students learning process. In this regard, AIOU has recently launched a brand new online Learning Management System. This LMS system is named as  Aaghi LMS Portal.  This LMS portal of AIOU offers a lot of worthwhile features to enhance the learning and interaction of students with the university. Students can use Aaghi LMS Portal for  submitting assignments to the aaghi LMS portal , taking day to day online lectures from their respective students, attending online workshops, accessing the digital library of Allama Iqbal Open University, and access a lot more features that can help students to improve their learning. You can know more about the  features of aaghi LMS portal .

In this guide of  AIOU Daily , I will explain a step by step procedure for submitting your assignments to the Aaghi LMS portal of Allama Iqbal Open University with images so students can understand how to submit assignment of AIOU on the LMS portal process easily.

Any student of Allama Iqbal Open University enrolled in Matric, FA, FSC, ICS, ICOM, BCOM, BA, BSC, BED, MA, MED, MSC, PHIL, and Ph.D. autumn and spring semester programs can follow this guide to submit their AIOU assignments to aaghi LMS portal. The procedure is the same for every program. So let’s start the guide ‘submit assignments on AIOU aaghi LMS portal’.

Table of Contents

How to Submit Assignments on AIOU Aaghi LMS Portal

I have divided the complete method into steps so students can easily understand the guide with a better approach.

• Step 1: Create the Assignment
• Step 2: Ready the submission files
• Step 3: Login to Aaghi LMS portal
• Step 4: Select your course
• Step 5: Select the Assignment
• Step 6: Assignment Status and details
• Step 7: Add Submission
• Step 8: Upload Assignment file
• Step 9: Save Submission
• Step 10: Edit Submitted Assignments

Create the Assignment

The very first step is to create the assignment appropriately. You must follow the guidelines of AIOU to create your assignments properly. The guidelines include that copied assignments are not acceptable. You can read our article on creating online assignments for Allama Iqbal Open University.

Click here:  how to create AIOU online assignments.

Ready the submission files

The second step is to make sure your assignment submission files are in an appropriate format.

Make sure to give a proper and descriptive file name to your assignment files. Your file name can be your roll number, name, subject code, assignment number, or combination. Here are some recommended examples of assignment file names.

• Asg1-0317.pdf
• 0000874598-asg2.pdf
• Usama-asg1-isl.pdf

Allama Iqbal Open University allows submitting assignments only in pdf (.PDF) format. To check your assignment file format, open the file details. If your file format is (yourFileName .pdf ), then you are good to go.

Tip: You can use ‘save as’ feature in MS Word to save as pdf or you can also use online tools to convert your file to pdf format.

Login to Aaghi LMS portal

After  preparing your assignment files , the next step is to log in to the Aaghi LMS portal. Aaghi LMS portal is accessible at  aaghi aiou edu pk.  (Aaghi LMS login link is also given at the end of this article).

You will see the following screen on the Aaghi login page.

AIOU LMS login process is pretty unadorned. Students need to have their login credentials to sign in AIOU Aaghi LMS portal. 

If you are facing problems while signing in or you don’t know the complete procedure to login Aaghi LMS portal then you can read our article.

Click:  How to login Aaghi LMS Portal AIOU

Tag: aiou lms login

Select your course

Once you login to the AIOU LMS portal (aaghi aiou edu pk), your need to select the course for that you want to submit your assignment. Find the ‘My Courses’ tab in the top navigation menu as shown in the image below. If you are on a mobile device you can open the side menu and you will find the ‘My Courses’ button.

Click this ‘My Courses’ button from your mobile or laptop. Then you will find all the courses you are enrolled in. Select the course for which assignment you are submitting.

Select the Assignment

After selecting your required course. You will see the page shown in the picture followed. This page will ask you to select the assignment number you are submitting.

If you are submitting your first assignment then select ‘Assignment # 1’ and so on.

Assignment Status and details

When you select your assignment number, the next page will show you the current status and a brief detail of this particular assignment submission. This page will also be showing you the due date and the remaining time you’ve left to submit this assignment.

If you have already submitted this assignment then this page will also show you your assignment grades here. This page will be showing data as shown in the screenshot below.

Before proceeding, you need to make sure that you have selected the right assignment number and course by checking this assignment details page. Make sure you are not submitting the wrong assignment number or course.

Add Submission

Click the ‘Add Submission button shown at the bottom of the assignment details page.

A new panel will open to submit assignment. If you are on a laptop or computer, you can simply drag and drop the assignment pdf file on the drop area or select the browse button to select your file.

If you are on a mobile device, you need to click the upload button (or icon) and then browse files on your local storage. Select your assignment file and click ‘OK’.

Your assignment submission file will be selected by Aaghi lms portal.

Upload Assignment file

To upload your selected assignment file, click the ‘Upload This File’ button as shown in the snap below.

Save Submission

Your file is uploaded to AIOU Aaghi LMS Portal but your selection is not saved by the system. After uploading the file you will be seeing a page like shown below. You need to click the ‘Save Changes’ button in order to save the assignment on AIOU LMS.

By this step, the process of submitting assignment is completed successfully. Using the same process you can submit your assignments for other courses as well. The process is also the same for Asg no 2 and Asg no 3.

Edit Submitted Assignments

After successfully submitting your assignment to Allama Iqbal Open University Aaghi Learning Management System, you can also change or resubmit your assignment till the deadline of the assignment.

If you want to upload an updated file of an assignment, visit the assignment details page and upload the latest submission easily. But make sure you did not miss the due date as this option is only available before the assignment due date.

Important Links

Can I submit late assignments on Aaghi LMS Portal?

Students can not submit late assignments on Aaghi LMS online Portal as the submission is closed after the due date. Sometimes, Allama Iqbal Open University extends the assignment submission deadline so students can surely take benefit from that.

Can I submit hand written scanned pdf assignment on Aaghi Portal?

AIOU allows students to submit hand written and scanned assignments for selected course subjects. Yes, you can submit hand written assignments online on Aaghi LMS portal for these specific subjects.

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How to Submit AIOU Assignments on the Aaghi LMS Portal

By noor last updated 2 months ago

Submitting assignments on time and correctly is critical for Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) students...

Submitting assignments on time and correctly is critical for Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) students to earn good grades. This comprehensive guide from AIOU’s official website covers the step-by-step process of submitting AIOU assignments digitally through the Aaghi Learning Management System (LMS) portal.

Background on AIOU Assignment Submission

In recent years, AIOU has transitioned from accepting handwritten assignments to requiring Microsoft Word documents for most courses. Exceptions are some Urdu and other language assignments that may still be handwritten. Any handwritten work must be scanned and converted to PDF before uploading to the portal.

Submitting complete assignments on time is mandatory. AIOU provides due dates for each assignment, and late work is not accepted. Completing both Assignment 1 and Assignment 2 according to guidelines is required to earn full marks.

Step-by-Step Guide to Submit AIOU Assignments Online

Follow these steps exactly to successfully submit your AIOU assignments digitally:

• Log In to Your AIOU Student Dashboard
• Navigate to the AIOU student portal and log in using your unique AIOU-provided username and password.
• Click on “My Courses.”
• On your dashboard, click “My Courses” in the top left corner.
• Select Your Course
• Choose the course you need to submit an assignment for.
• Click the Assignment 1 or 2 Button
• Select either Assignment 1 or Assignment 2, depending on what you need to submit.
• Click the “Add Submission” Box
• A box labeled “Add Submission” is where you will upload your assignment file.
• Upload Your Assignment File
• Click the “Choose File” button and select your assignment from your computer. Save files on your desktop for easy access.
• Verify the File Size is Under 5MB
• Confirm your assignment file is less than 5MB before uploading. If it is over 5MB, it will be rejected.
• Double Check You Selected the Correct File
• Verify you uploaded the proper assignment file before submitting.
• Click Submit
• After uploading the correct assignment file, click Submit for grading.

Best Practices for Success

Follow these tips and best practices to ensure proper submission and good grades:

• Carefully review assignment requirements and grading criteria.
• Complete and proofread assignments before the due date.
• Check for plagiarism issues before submitting.
• Follow all AIOU guidelines for proper formatting and structure.
• Upload the correct file format (Word doc, PDF, etc)
• Keep submission deadlines marked on your calendar.

Properly submitting error-free, high-quality assignments by the deadlines is essential to succeed as an AIOU student. Let the university know if you have questions or issues with the Aaghi LMS portal assignment process.

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Top 9 Tips How to write AIOU Assignments For Beginners

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• February 1, 2023
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How to write AIOU Assignment.

AIOU is one of the most famous universities in Pakistan, especially for its distanced based learning programs being offered all across the country. This model has helped a lot to improve the literacy rate in the country as those people who were not able to attend schools, colleges, or universities due to their issues; whether financial, social, geographic or demographic, or any other, were able to benefit from the AIOU distanced learning programs . 

Many AIOU pass-out students serving all around the country have graduated from AIOU . Given that AIOU offers distanced based learning programs, and there is no such guidance and mechanisms available for students as they are in campus-based learning settings. 

Many students who start new degree programs suffer issues regarding how to write AIOU assignments as there is no teacher in physical available for them to guide them to solve those assignments. In this endeavor, we will try to help students learn how to solve assignments and improve their learning capabilities. 

Top 9 tips for writing an AIOU assignment

Let’s discuss the top 9 facts that explain how to write an AIOU assignment . Students are advised to follow the following steps:

• Understand your task

First, make sure to understand what you are required to achieve in the assignment questions. A clear understanding of any assignment’s objectives and key ideas is very important to solve an assignment. So, students must clearly understand the assignment requirements before solving it. 

• Do not research very early

Even if you don’t get started writing right away, it’s incredibly important to remember that getting a head start on your research and beginning it early on will cause you to start thinking about what you will write. 

Early thinking about writing your assignment may lead you to misunderstand the requirements and later deteriorate your writing. So, you must first understand what you need to do and how you can do the task to get better results. 

• Start reading relevant material, and note down key ideas:

After understanding your assignment requirements properly, you should start reading relevant material, whether provided by the university or available on different online forums. Don’t just stick to your textbook; try to learn the idea from different sources to build a strong understanding of the concepts. 

While reading relevant materials, note down the important points you get during your reading. Keep proper track of your noted-down important points and keep them safe with your until you complete the assignments, as usually, it happens that students think some points are not relevant to their assignment. Still, later on, they prove to be important. So, keep this point in mind while collecting material for your assignment.

• Discuss with some expert

It’s difficult for a student to anticipate gaps, confusion, and possible misinterpretation of facts on the part of the student being created during writing. To overcome this issue, you should discuss your assignment and your perceived understanding of the facts with someone who has already done such tasks or knows about them.

• Take your time to revise and edit

You will likely need to reread, research, re-organize, and re-think your draft of a recommended solution once you have completed it. It will help you improve your draft by eliminating irrelevant material from your draft and adding more relevant ideas and facts you found during revision and editing. This will be useful to improve the quality of your work and yield better results.

• Write introduction last

While solving an assignment, do not start with writing an introduction at the start. Start working on your assignment , and after completion, write the main body and solve the assignment. Once you’ve finished the body of your work, you should move on to the introduction. A well-written introduction will serve as a preview of the material to be presented. 

This section must be precise and direct the reader effectively so they can grasp the assignment’s goals, approach, and kind of work. Making a good first impression is impossible unless you know exactly what you will say and do.

• Check the accuracy of facts reported

It is possible to ignore the accuracy of facts reported in research-based assignments in early drafts being prepared. Verify your information by checking the references you’ve used and reading over any supporting materials you may have used. This will help you eliminate and update the accurate facts and improve the quality of your assignment by reporting accurate facts and figures. 

• Proofread carefully

This step is often ignored to meet deadlines or because the writer feels he has completed his task. Your writing might contain mistakes such as typing, punctuation, and grammar errors which will lead the reader to think of it as your carelessness or inability to write, which may cause negative results for you. 

So, to avoid this situation, you must make sure that you have proofread your writing thoroughly before submitting it to your supervisor and university. This may take a few minutes, but it surely enhances the quality of your writing after identifying the existing mistakes and correcting them.

• Forgive yourself or your imperfections

The ability to improve one’s writing skills is an ongoing process. It is impossible to create a flawless first draft, but meeting deadlines is important, and it requires you to do your best within the deadline and then send it to the readers and let them decide. You must ensure you have done your part properly and within the deadline. 

Mistakes to be avoided while writing an AIOU assignment

While writing your AIOU assignments, make sure to avoid the given mistakes; it will explain How to write AIOU Assignment s  more clearly. The following tips can also be perfect to grasp an understanding of how to write a report for a university assignment. 

• Often assignments are not properly stable and lead to a bad impression in the reader’s mind.
• The selection of incorrect layout of the assignments.
• The inappropriate length of paragraphs of assignments irritates the reader and lead negatively impacts his impression of the assignment.
• Assignments that are not properly proofread and contain typographical mistakes, spelling errors, and repetition of words and ideas negatively impact the evaluation of the assignment.
• Incorrect punctuation leads to ambiguity and incomprehension in the text.
• Often writers use present or future tense instead of past tense while writing.
• Using abbreviations like “can’t” or “doesn’t” should be avoided in professional English writing.
• Do not start a paragraph with a figure instead of a text
• Figures and tables not properly labeled lead to the negative impression
• Assignments lacking scales on drawings and sketches are negatively viewed.
• Missing including units on figures is not good
• Hastily created diagrams that are scribbled 
• Figures included in the text but not referring to them are considered to be negative
• Missing important information and not properly addressing the assignment topics
• Assignments with inadequate and incorrect references yield negative impressions and lead to negative results.
• An inappropriate writing style for an assignment may also be a negative thing and needs to be avoided into

Conclusion 

The purpose of writing was to assist students who lack guidance in distanced learning system and need help to solve their assignments. The author pointed out important steps to be followed by the student while writing an assignment and discussed the process and advantages in detail. How to write AIOU Assignments?

Later on, the author identified some common mistakes while writing assignments and their potential negative impacts on the quality of assignments. It is hoped that this writing endeavor will be helpful for students at various stages of their educational careers and help them to improve their writing skills. 

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Biden says he is working to free US journalist jailed by Russia a year ago

Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich is accused of spying, a charge the US dismisses as ‘fiction’.

On the one-year anniversary of Russia’s arrest of American journalist Evan Gershkovich, President Joe Biden has condemned his continued detention and says the United States is working every day to secure his release.

“Journalism is not a crime, and Evan went to Russia to do his job as a reporter – risking his safety to shine the light of truth on Russia’s brutal aggression against Ukraine,” Biden said in a statement on Friday.

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Moscow court extends pre-trial detention of wsj reporter evan gershkovich, russian court extends detention of wsj reporter evan gershkovich, russian court rejects appeal to release wsj reporter evan gershkovich, russia extends detention of us reporter gershkovich.

Biden said the US condemns “Russia’s appalling attempts to use Americans as bargaining chips” and promised that he would maintain hope for The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) reporter’s freedom.

“We will continue working every day to secure his release. … And we will continue to stand strong against all those who seek to attack the press or target journalists – the pillars of free society,” Biden added.

The 32-year-old journalist and the WSJ have consistently denied allegations that Gershkovich was spying for the US when he was arrested on March 29, 2023 while on assignment in the Urals city of Yekaterinburg.

Russian authorities have not detailed what, if any, evidence they have to support the charges.

Biden on Friday also promised to secure the release of ex-marine Paul Whelan , who was convicted in 2020 on spying charges that he too denies and who is serving 16 years in a penal colony.

“To Evan, to Paul Whelan, and to all Americans held hostage or wrongfully detained abroad: We are with you. And we will never stop working to bring you home,” Biden’s statement said.

‘Using Americans as pawns’

This week, Russia extended Gershkovich’s pre-trial detention by three months until June 30 as he awaits trial on espionage charges.

The US embassy slammed the decision and accused Russia of “using American citizens as pawns to achieve political ends”.

The US ambassador to Russia, Lynne Tracy, reiterated at Tuesday’s court hearing that “the accusations against Evan are categorically untrue”, calling them “fiction”.

There is “no justification for Evan’s continued detention and no explanation as to why Evan doing his job as a journalist constituted a crime,” Tracy said.

Analysts suggested Moscow could be using jailed US citizens as bargaining chips as US-Russian tensions soar over the Kremlin’s war in Ukraine. Gershkovich’s arrest has also been criticised for its effect on other journalists working in Russia.

At least two US citizens arrested in Russia in recent years – including WNBA star Brittney Griner – have been exchanged for Russians jailed in the US. The US attempted to include 52-year-old Whelan in a prisoner exchange in 2022, but those plans fell through.

Gershkovich is the first US reporter to be arrested on espionage charges in Russia since September 1986 when Nicholas Daniloff, a Moscow correspondent for US News and World Report, was arrested by the KGB.

Daniloff was released without charge 20 days later in a swap for an employee of the Soviet Union’s United Nations mission who was arrested by the FBI, also on spying charges.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has said Gershkovich could be released at some point in exchange for a Russian prisoner held abroad, but no such deal has so far materialised.

Moscow concert attack: More than 60 reported dead; ISIS claims responsibility

This live blog has ended. For the most recent updates, please click here .

What we know about the Moscow concert attack

• Men in camouflage broke into a Moscow concert hall and opened fire, shooting an unknown number of people, Russia’s prosecutor general said.
• The terror group ISIS has claimed responsibility but did not provide proof of the claim, which was made on ISIS-affiliated news agency Amaq on Telegram.
• Russia's Investigative Committee said that more than 60 people are dead after the attack at Crocus City Hall. Officials have said more than 100 others were injured.
• A fire also started inside Crocus City Hall, a large concert venue northwest of central Moscow. Firefighters have evacuated about 100 people from the basement of the building and efforts are underway to rescue people from the roof, Russian emergency officials said.
• Russia officials said they were investigating the attack as a terrorist act.
• A popular rock band was scheduled to play what appeared to be a sold-out show at the venue, which has a maximum capacity of more than 9,000 people.

Three children among those killed, state media reports

Chantal Da Silva

Three children were among the more than 60 people killed in yesterday's attack at Crocus City Hall, Russian news agency RIA Novosti reported, citing the Russian Ministry of Health.

Officials have warned that the death toll connected to the deadly incident may increase as the investigation continues.

Xi sends condolences to Putin

Chinese President Xi Jinping sent condolences to Russian President Vladimir Putin on Saturday after a deadly shooting at a concert hall near Moscow, saying China opposes all forms of terrorism and strongly condemns terrorist attacks.

China firmly supports the Russian government’s efforts to maintain national security and stability, Xi said, according to CCTV state television. 

Moscow bloodshed comes two decades after some of worst attacks in Russia

Phil Helsel

The shooting attacks in Moscow are the latest in a series of deadly terror attacks in the country since the 2000s.

In 2004, militants from Chechnya and elsewhere took hostages at a school in Beslan in southern Russia.

The militants demanded a withdrawal from Chechnya. Hostages were kept in a gymnasium, and 334 died — half of them children — when gunfire and explosions erupted when it was stormed. Hostages’ families were critical of the rescue operation. Russian prosecutors later cleared authorities .

Two years prior, in 2002, Chechen separatists attacked the Dubrovka Theater in Moscow and took more than 700 people hostage. Russian forces used gas, and 129 hostages died. The attackers were killed.

More recently, in 2017 a suicide bomber from Kyrgyzstan killed 15 people as well as himself in an attack on a St. Petersburg subway. In 2013, two bombers killed a combined 34 people in attacks on a railway station and a trolleybus in Volgograd.

The group Islamic State, also known as ISIS, claimed responsibility for the attacks Friday at the Crocus City Hall venue.

Putin wishes victims well, deputy prime minister says

President Vladimir Putin is thinking of those injured in today’s attack and thanked doctors, a Russian government official said according to state media.

State media TASS reported that “Putin wished all those injured in the emergency at Crocus City Hall to recover and conveyed his gratitude to the doctors, Golikova said,” referring to Tatiana Golikova deputy prime minister for social policy, labor, health and pension provision.

More than 60 dead, and death toll could grow, Russian agency says

Russia’s Investigative Committee said Saturday that more than 60 people have died in the attack, and warned the number may increase.

“The bodies of the dead are being examined. It has been previously established that more than 60 people died as a result of the terrorist attack. Unfortunately, the number of victims may increase,” according to the Investigative Committee, which is a federal state agency.

Russia's Ministry of Internal Affairs and the security agency FSB are continuing to investigate, the committee said in a statement, and weapons and ammunition have been found.

U.S. warned Russia about planned terrorist attack in Moscow, NSC says

Monica Alba

The United States shared information about a potential terrorist attack in Moscow with Russia’s government earlier this month, a spokesperson for the National Security Council said.

The U.S. Embassy in Russia on March 7 warned U.S. citizens to avoid crowds and said it was monitoring reports that extremists might attack large gatherings in Moscow.

“Earlier this month, the U.S. Government had information about a planned terrorist attack in Moscow — potentially targeting large gatherings, to include concerts — which prompted the State Department to issue a public advisory to Americans in Russia,” NSC spokesperson Adrienne Watson said.

“The U.S. Government also shared this information with Russian authorities in accordance with its longstanding ‘duty to warn’ policy,” Watson said.

Putin recently dismissed ‘provocative’ warning about potential attacks

In remarks that aired three days ago, Russian President Vladimir Putin accused the West of “provocative statements” about potential terror attacks in Russia, and dismissed them.

“I’ll remind you of recent, let’s say directly, provocative statements of certain official Western structures about potential terror attacks in Russia,” Putin said.

“All of this looks like obvious blackmail and an attempt to intimidate, destabilize our country,” he said before the state security agency FSB.

Putin in those remarks did not specify a country or warning. The U.S. embassy in Russia on March 7 warned U.S. citizens to avoid crowds .

“The Embassy is monitoring reports that extremists have imminent plans to target large gatherings in Moscow, to include concerts, and U.S. citizens should be advised to avoid large gatherings over the next 48 hours,” the U.S. embassy warned.

Guards at concert hall didn't have guns, state news says

The Associated Press

Guards at the concert hall didn’t have guns, and some could have been killed at the start of the attack, Russian media reported.

Some Russian news outlets suggested the assailants fled before special forces and riot police arrived.

Reports said police patrols were looking for several vehicles the attackers could have used to escape.

U.S. had been gathering intelligence that ISIS could attack Russia

Ken Dilanian

The U.S. had been gathering intelligence for months that ISIS could mount a mass casualty attack in Russia, two U.S. officials confirmed to NBC News.

That information led to a March 7 warning issued by the U.S. embassy in Russia about possible extremist attacks, including at concerts, urging people to stay away from large gatherings, one of the officials said.

That official said the claim of responsibility today by ISIS appears to be genuine, though no final assessment had been made about who was responsible.

Some Moscow concertgoers filmed events as they unfolded Friday night, when gunmen opened fire inside a theater and people ran to take cover in fear for their lives.

Witness says gunfire was first thought to be construction noise

A witness to today’s armed attack on Moscow’s Crocus City Hall told a state news agency that they first mistook the gunfire for sounds of an installation being dismantled.

“First, we started hearing typical loud pops, but it was impossible to understand that they were gunshots. We thought that something was falling, as exhibitions were being dismantled at that moment, and someone seemed to be dropping something large,” Mikhail Semyonov told TASS .

“Then, the bangs were getting more and more frequent. Suddenly, there was a scream, and the bangs started to be heard as bursts. Then it became clear that it was shooting,” he said.

ISIS claims responsibility for attack but does not provide proof

The terror group Islamic State has claimed responsibility for the attack in Moscow.

The group, also known as ISIS, did not provide any proof of its claim, which came from ISIS-affiliated news agency Amaq on Telegram.

The group’s members have carried out a number of terror attacks, including the 2015 attacks in Paris that killed 130 people.

Children among the victims, Russia's children commissioner says

Yuliya Talmazan

Russia’s commissioner for children’s rights, Maria Lvova-Belova, said children were among the victims of tonight's attack.

"Information about their condition is regularly updated," Lvova-Belova said on Telegram. "Any additional assistance will be provided immediately."

She later told Russia 24 TV channel that at least two children had been injured, including one boy with a gunshot wound.

Earlier, Russian officials released a preliminary casualty toll of at least 40 people dead and more than 100 injured.

France, U.K., Germany condemn attack

Officials from France, the U.K. and Germany were among those who expressed their condolences to the victims of the attack at the Crocus concert hall.

"The images of the terrible attack on innocent people in Crocus City Hall near #Moscow are horrific," Germany's Foreign Office said on X . "The background must be investigated quickly. Our deepest condolences with the families of the victims."

"We condemn the terrorist attack in the Crocus City Hall near Moscow," the U.K.'s embassy in Russia said . "This is a terrible tragedy."

Meanwhile, France's foreign ministry called for "full light" to be shed on "these heinous acts."

Public events across Russia called off after attack

Several regional leaders across Russia, including in the annexed Kherson region of Ukraine, have canceled public events this weekend over security considerations after the deadly concert attack in Moscow.

Shortly after the attack, Moscow Mayor Sergey Sobyanin canceled all sports, cultural and other public events in Moscow this weekend. State news agency TASS also quoted Russia's cultural ministry as saying that mass and entertainment events in federal cultural institutions have been canceled in the coming days.

Zelenskyy adviser speaks out about attack

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s adviser denied that Ukraine was involved in the deadly Crocus concert hall attack.

“Ukraine certainly has nothing to do with the shooting/explosions in the Crocus City Hall (Moscow Region, Russia),” Mykhailo Podolyak wrote on X. “It makes no sense whatsoever.”

No evidence has emerged to suggest Ukraine may have been involved, but Ukrainian officials may be trying to pre-empt accusations, as some Kremlin hawks have already started pointing at Kyiv. 

Asked whether the shooting was at all tied to the war in Ukraine, U.S. National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby said: “There is no indication at this time that Ukraine, or Ukrainians, were involved in the shooting, but again, this just broke. We’re taking a look at it, but I would disabuse you at this early hour have any connection to Ukraine.”

Videos posted to social media appear to show chaos inside Moscow's Crocus City Hall during and after a terrorist attack.

Some videos include what sound like gunshots and show men with rifles, as concertgoers frantically try to exit the venue.

State Department issues warning to Americans in Moscow

Jason Abbruzzese

The State Department said that the U.S. Embassy in Moscow is aware of the terrorist attack on Crocus City Hall and that U.S. citizens should avoid the area and follow the instructions of local authorities.

"The U.S. government’s ability to provide routine or emergency services to U.S. citizens in Russia is severely limited, particularly in areas far from the U.S. embassy in Moscow, due to Russian government limitations on travel for U.S. embassy personnel and staffing, and the ongoing suspension of operations, including consular services, at U.S. consulates in Russia," the State Department said in a message posted to its website .

'What a nightmare in Crocus,' Widow of opposition leader Alexei Navalny condolences about concert attack

Yulia Navalnaya, the widow of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny who died in prison last month, expressed her condolences about the attack Friday.

"What a nightmare in Crocus," Navalnaya wrote on X. "Condolences to the families of the victims and quick recovery to the injured. Everyone involved in this crime must be found and held accountable."

320 firefighters, 3 helicopters working to put out fire

Russia's Ministry of Emergency Situations said the number of rescue crews responding to the attack is growing and now includes more than 320 firefighters, 130 emergency vehicles and three helicopters dumping water on the burning concert venue.

Moscow regional governor says 40 dead, more than 100 injured

Moscow Regional Governor Andrei Vorobyov said on Telegram that at least 40 people are dead and more than 100 injured in the terrorist attack, confirming figures previously reported by Russian state news.

Putin informed about concert venue attack 'in the first minutes,' Kremlin spokesperson says

Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said President Vladimir Putin was informed about the shooting at the Crocus concert hall "in the first minutes" of the attack, Russian state news agency RIA reported.

The president is receiving information about what is happening and the measures being taken through all relevant services and is giving necessary instructions, Peskov said according to RIA.

Russian journalist was inside concert venue when gunmen entered

Russian news agency RIA Novosti said on Telegram that one of its reporters was inside the venue when gunmen entered and began shooting concertgoers.

The journalist said that at least three unmasked gunmen in camouflage entered the hall a few minutes before 8 p.m. Moscow time. They shot people point-blank and threw incendiary bombs, according to the journalist.

Russia's foreign ministry spokesperson calls incident 'bloody terrorist attack'

Maria Zakharova, spokesperson for Russia's foreign ministry, called the Friday night incident at the Crocus City Hall in Moscow a "bloody terrorist attack" as she called for "strong condemnation" from the international community.

"Now, as the Russian authorities have stated, all efforts are being devoted to saving people," Zakharova said. "The entire world community is obliged to condemn this monstrous crime!"

U.S. national security spokesperson says embassy has told Americans to avoid large gatherings in Moscow

Kyla Guilfoil

National Security Council Spokesman John Kirby addressed the attack in Moscow at a White House press briefing Friday afternoon, calling it a “terrible, terrible shooting attack.”

“The images are just horrible and just hard to watch and our thoughts obviously are going to be with the the victims,” Kirby said.

Kirby added that the U.S. embassy has notified all Americans in Moscow to avoid large gatherings, concerts, shopping malls, etc., and “stay put where they are” for their safety.

Russian media says 40 dead, more than 100 injured at concert attack

TASS, Russia's state-owned news agency, and RIA Novosti are reporting that Russia's FSB security agency has put the preliminary casualty count at 40 dead and more than 100 injured by a terrorist attack on a Moscow-area concert venue.

NBC News has not confirmed those casualty numbers.

Roof of concert venue at risk of collapse, Russian media says

Russian news agency RIA Novosti said on Telegram that the roof of the building near the concert venue's stage has begun to collapse.

Video posted to Telegram by RIA Novosti showed fire continue to blaze inside the venue.

Moscow area governor says more than 70 ambluances at scene of attack

Andrei Vorobyov, Moscow's regional governor, said on Telegram that more than 70 ambulances have been dispatched to the scene of concert venue attack.

“Everything is being done at the scene to save people," he wrote in the Telegram message. "The Special Rapid Response Unit (SOBR) has been deployed. There are over 70 ambulance carriages near Crocus, doctors provide the necessary assistance to all victims."

Nigel Chiwaya

Russia’s prosecutor general office says number of victims still being determined

Russia's prosecutor general said on Telegram that officials are working to determine how many people have been killed or hurt in the concert attack.

“On behalf of Igor Krasnov, the prosecutor of the Moscow region has gone to the scene of the incident at Crocus City Hall to coordinate the actions of law enforcement agencies," the prosecutor general's Telegram account posted. "Tonight, before the start of the event in the concert hall in Krasnogorsk, unknown men in camouflage clothes broke into the building and started shooting."

"The number of victims is being determined, a fire started in the entertainment center building, and citizens are being evacuated."

Moscow's mayor cancels weekend events

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said on Telegram that he was canceling all public events in Moscow this weekend.

"I have taken the decision to cancel all sports, cultural and other public events in Moscow this weekend," he said. "I ask of you to treat this measure with understanding."

Popular rock band was to play sold-out venue that can hold 9,500

Tim Stelloh

A popular rock band was scheduled to play what appeared to be a sold-out show at the Moscow concert hall where there were reports of gunmen in combat fatigues opening fire.

Picnic, formed in 1978, was to play at Crocus City Hall, west of central Moscow.

The multilevel facility in Krasnogorsk has a maximum capacity of 9,527 people. Booking sites show the event was sold out.

Russia's aviation agency says additional security added to Moscow airports

The Russian aviation agency Rosaviatsiya said that additional security measures are being introduced in Moscow airports

"Due to increased security measures, we ask passengers to arrive at Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, Vnukovo and Zhukovsky airports in advance," the agency said on the Telegram messaging app.

Moscow's emergency ministry says it is working to extinguish fire

Moscow’s emegency ministry said it was working to extinguish a fire that began at the music venue.

The ministry said about 100 people were evacuated from the building, and it was working to rescue people from the roof.

Russian media says state security taking action

Russia's news outlet RIA Novosti said that the country's security agency, the FSB, is taking measures to respond to the shooting at a concert hall near Moscow.

Videos posted by Russian media show men with rifles moving through area

Extended rounds of gunfire could be heard on multiple videos posted by Russian media and Telegram channels. One showed two men with rifles moving through a concert hall. Another one showed a man inside the auditorium, saying the assailants set it on fire, with incessant gunshots ringing out in the background.

Andrei Vorobyov, the governor of the Moscow region, said he was heading to the area and set up a task force to deal with the damage. He didn’t immediately offer any further details.

Russian media reports said that riot police units were being sent to the area as people were being evacuated.

Russian news outlets report gunman opened fire at Moscow concert hall

Several gunmen in combat fatigues burst into a big concert hall in Moscow on Friday and fired automatic weapons at the crowd, injuring an unspecified number of people, Russian media said.

Russian news reports said that the assailants also used explosives, causing a massive blaze at the Crocus City Hall on the western edge of Moscow. Video posted on social media showed huge plumes of black smoke rising over the building.

Russia’s state RIA Novosti news agency reported that at least three people in combat fatigues fired weapons. The state Tass news agency also reported the shooting.

U.S. warned of imminent Moscow attack by ‘extremists,’ urges citizens to avoid crowds

Patrick Smith

U.S. citizens in  Moscow  had been warned to avoid large gatherings earlier this month because of heightened fears of a terrorist attack.

The U.S. Embassy in the Russian capital said it was “monitoring reports that extremists have imminent plans to target large gatherings in Moscow, to include concerts, and U.S. citizens should be advised to avoid large gatherings over the next 48 hours.”

U.S. citizens should avoid crowds, monitor local media for updates and “be aware of your surroundings,” it said in a brief  online update .

Read the full story here.

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Why Russia has kept a Wall Street Journal reporter in jail for a year — and counting

Evan Gershkovich’s case isn’t just about press freedom. It’s about geopolitics.

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Evan Gershkovich , the Wall Street Journal reporter detained in Russia on charges of spying, just had three months added to his jail time — and he hasn’t even gone to trial yet.

It’s been a year since Gershkovich, who had covered the country for five years at that point, was arrested by Russian security forces. He was on assignment in Yekaterinburg, a city in the Ural Mountains nearly 900 miles east of the Journal’s Moscow bureau. And because of Russia’s opaque and autocratic justice system, the trial — when it comes — will likely be conducted in secret. If convicted, he could face up to 20 years in a Russian penal colony.

The US government says he is “ wrongfully detained ” — a designation the US applies to citizens detained overseas on what it considers to be unfounded charges and whose release it is actively working to secure.

While foreign reporters have been kicked out of the country since the start of Russia’s war in Ukraine , and many Russian reporters have been detained , forced to flee the country , or killed while President Vladimir Putin has been in power, Gershkovich’s case is somewhat unusual in that he’s an American reporter accused of espionage. He’s the first foreign reporter detained on espionage charges since the Cold War, when US News & World Report’s Nicholas Daniloff was arrested in 1986 .

Daniloff, like Gershkovich, is the child of Russian immigrants; like Gershkovich, he was also not a spy, though he did come into Soviet intelligence that he handed over to the CIA . Gershkovich’s case is emblematic of a few trends in Russia right now — not just the destruction of press freedom there, but also the use of detainees as a bargaining chip between Russia and the US.

Gershkovich’s time in Russia parallels increasing repression

Gershkovich’s parents fled the country during a wave of Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union in the 1970s and ’80s, according to the Journal. Though he grew up in the US, he spoke Russian at home, and his childhood was tinged with Russian superstitions and cultural specificities . He moved to Russia in 2017, where he worked first for the Moscow Times and then for Agence France-Presse.

As a reporter for the Journal, where he was hired in 2022, Gershkovich covered Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, its economy, and the internal politics of the Kremlin. But criticizing or truthfully reporting about the war in Ukraine became increasingly dangerous due to the Kremlin’s draconian laws against what it refers to as fake news and against disparaging the war effort. That environment forced many Western journalists and outlets covering Russia out of the country. (The BBC’s Russia bureau, for instance, is now located in Riga, Latvia, and the Russian outlet TV Rain has moved to Amsterdam.)

Russian journalists have suffered even worse for years . “Since the Kremlin launched its invasion of Ukraine, between 1,500 to 1,800 Russian journalists were forced into exile,” according to an investigation by a journalist support fund created by Reporters Without Borders.

Even though Gershkovich, according to the Journal, had the appropriate accreditation from the Russian foreign ministry to work as a reporter in the country, the Federal Security Bureau (FSB, Russia’s successor to its notorious KGB spy agency) had previously followed him on other assignments , filming him while he worked and discouraging sources from talking to him.

The Kremlin and FSB have claimed — without clear evidence — that Gershkovich, “acting on the instructions of the American side, collected information constituting a state secret about the activities of one of the enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex.”

Gershkovich’s family, his employer, and the Biden administration have all denied that he was working as a spy, which is not an uncommon accusation against foreign journalists working in authoritarian countries.

He has been denied access to the attorney the Journal hired for him and has gone through at least a dozen secret pre-trial hearings over the past year in which he has appealed for his release. Those appeals ended in an extension of his pre-trial sentence .

Russia has used prisoners as political pawns before

Gershkovich fits into a larger trend of the Kremlin using US citizens as pawns to achieve political goals or express displeasure — rather than using diplomatic channels.

A week before Gerskovich’s arrest, the Justice Department charged Russian citizen Sergey Cherkasov with several crimes including visa fraud, wire fraud, and acting as an agent of a foreign power. Though it’s not clear the two cases are linked, Gershkovich’s arrest could have been in retaliation for Cherkasov’s indictment.

There’s another American reporter currently detained in Russia: Alsu Kurmasheva , a reporter for Radio Free Europe, has been detained in Russia since June for allegedly failing to register her US citizenship while on a personal visit to see her sick grandmother.

You might also remember how star basketball player Brittney Griner was arrested in a Moscow airport in February 2022 for carrying a gram of hashish oil in her luggage. Her saga — from her sham trials to her nine-year sentence to her transfer to a penal colony in Russia’s Mordovia region — merited significant attention in the US press and from the Biden administration.

Griner was released in December 2022 in exchange for Victor Bout, a Russian arms trafficker nicknamed the “ merchant of death ” for his role in funneling arms to the Taliban and al-Qaeda .

“The cases are often resolved through this kind of swap, and they take a long time, so it can feel hopeless when you haven’t heard any news for weeks and months and you know an American is suffering in a foreign country,” Danielle Gilbert, a professor at Northwestern University who studies hostage negotiations, told Vox in 2022 .

Putin told American media personality Tucker Carlson in February that he would be open to swapping Gershkovich for a Russian currently in prison abroad; that is speculated to be Vadim Krasikov , who is serving a life sentence for the 2019 murder of a Georgian man who was living in Berlin. But releasing Krasikov is up to Germany, not the US.

Gershkovich was apparently part of a prisoner swap deal that included Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny , who died in February while in detention in Siberia, as well as Paul Whelan, a former Marine who has been detained on espionage charges since 2018. That deal could have seen the three traded for Krasikov, but the deal was called off upon Navalny’s death at the hands of the Russian state.

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