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Legal Writing I & II: Legal Research and Writing & Introduction to Litigation Practice

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Ben Fernandez

Copyright Year: 2020

ISBN 13: 9798746520340

Publisher: Ben Fernandez

Language: English

Formats Available

Conditions of use.

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Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • Part I: Objective Writing
  • 1. Sources of Law
  • 2. Legal Research 
  • 3. Briefing Cases
  • 4. Applying Cases and Analogical Reasoning
  • 5. Analyzing Statues and Marshaling Facts
  • 6. Citation
  • 8. Objective Legal Memoranda
  • 9. Other Examples of Legal Writing
  • 10. Improving Your Writing
  • Part II: Persuasive Essay
  • 11. Credibility
  • 13. Ethical Rules for Advocacy
  • 14. Civil and Appellate Procedure
  • 15. Requirements for Civil Motions and Standards for Appeals
  • 16. Persuasive Writing
  • 17. Memoranda in Support of MOtions
  • 18. Motion Session
  • 19. Appellate Briefs
  • 20. Oral Argument
  • Case Briefing Exercise
  • Clampitt v. Spencer
  • Eppler v. Tarmac
  • Sample Case Briefs
  • Clampitt v. Spencer Brief
  • Eppler v. Tarmac Brief
  • Case Analogy Exercise
  • Malczewski v. Florida
  • Sample Case Analogy
  • IRAC Exercise
  • Young v. Kirsch
  • State Farm V. Mosharaf
  • Southland v. Thousand Oaks
  • Sample IRAC
  • Legal Memorandum Exercise 
  • Sample Legal Memorandum
  • About the Author

Ancillary Material

About the book.

Legal Writing I & II; Legal Research and Writing & Introduction to Litigation Practice contains a brief discussion of all of the topics covered in a law school courses on legal writing, including a typical first semester course on legal research, analysis and writing an objective memorandum, as well as a second semester course on persuasion and writing an appellate brief, motion to dismiss or motion for summary judgment. The discussion focuses on the basics of analogical reasoning and persuasion and leaves out the minutiae. Each topic is taken one step at a time, with each step building on the step before it. The sources of law are presented first, then legal research, and reading and analyzing cases and statutes. The book covers analogizing a case to a fact pattern and marshaling the relevant facts to the elements of a statutory rule next. And then first section of the book concludes with legal citation, CRAC and CREAC, and writing a legal research memorandum. The text also includes a lot of samples and examples of how the author would write a case brief, a legal memoranda and an appellate brief, as well as an appendix with charts, outlines and exercises students can use to practice these skills. Legal Writing I & II; Legal Research and Writing & Introduction to Litigation Practice covers all the skills students need to know to work at a law firm, and everything students have to learn to begin practicing in litigation department of a firm.

About the Contributors

Ben Fernandez,  University of Florida Levin College of Law

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Idea and Methods of Legal Research

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Idea and Methods of Legal Research

18 Legal Writing Based on Research

  • Published: January 2020
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Like other forms of legal writing, such as client-related writing for litigation and transaction purposes and norm-creating legal writing in the form of legislation and judgments, academic legal writing based on research has great importance for legal development. Its forms include research report, article, notes/comments, and book review. Clarity of expression, continuity of thought, coherent presentation, and readability are the ideals to be attained. Formulation of ideas by responding to data and perspectives of legal ideals is a good starting point for preparation of a draft. Sketching the outline or synopsis or writing an abstract provides some shape to the draft thesis. Writing with originality and by due acknowledgement of sources; maintaining fairly high level of discussion; and writing without bias, deviations and repetition contribute to quality writing. Finally, post-draft refinement should address the issues of avoiding errors of language, subject, and technicality of references.

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Use treatises--books on legal topics--to begin your research. They will help you save time by providing explanation, analysis, context, and tips on the most relevant primary sources . 

Treatises range from single volume overviews for students to extensively detailed multi-volume sets for practitioners. They may come in the form of bound books updated with pocket parts or supplements, or in the form of loose-leafs with easily replaced pages. 

If you need help finding a relevant treatise, this guide will provide you with some of the most useful titles in each subject. We have noted if and where the treatise is available on online. Please keep in mind that this availability may change without notice.

Note: this guide now contains blurbs about and contents of the books where available. This text is taken from info provided by the publishers and does not imply any special endorsement. 

  • HLS Library Guide to Secondary Sources. For more about using treatises, see the HLS Library Guide to Secondary Sources.

This guide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License .

You may reproduce any part of it for noncommercial purposes as long as credit is included and it is shared in the same manner. 

Topics Covered A-B

Hover over the A-B tab above to access these topics:

Admiralty & Maritime Law

Agency, Partnerships, & Limited Liability Corporations

American Law & Jurisprudence

Subject Guide

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Admiralty and Maritime law

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Agency, Partnerships, and Limited-Liability Corporations

legal research and writing methods pdf

American Law and Jurisprudence

legal research and writing methods pdf

Topics Covered C-E

Hover over the C-E tab above to access these topics:

Copyright (see also Intellectual Property)

Corporations (see also Non-Profit Corporations)

Criminal Law and Procedure

Eminent Domain (see Takings)

legal research and writing methods pdf

Corporations

legal research and writing methods pdf

Non-profit corporations

legal research and writing methods pdf

E-Commerce Law

legal research and writing methods pdf

Employment Law

  • See Labor & Employment Law.
  • Evidence in trials at common law by John T. McNaughton Call Number: KF8935 .W54x Publication Date: 1961- (kept current with supplements)

legal research and writing methods pdf

Topics Covered F-K

Hover over the F-K tab above to access these topics:

Federal Practice and Procedure

Indian Law (see Native American Law)

Intellectual Property (see also Copyright, Patents, and Trademarks)

legal research and writing methods pdf

Intellectual Property

legal research and writing methods pdf

Topics Covered L-M

Hover over the L-M tab above to access these topics:

Labor and Employment Law

Law and Philosophy

Legal Research

Libel and Slander

Municipal Law (see also Zoning and Planning)

legal research and writing methods pdf

Municipal Law

  • Local Government Law by Michael E. Libonati, John Martinez Call Number: Available on Westlaw Publication Date: 1999- This set gives you a fundamental understanding of local government law and upcoming trends. It focuses on the entity's power to act and provides a fresh approach to solving local government problems. It thoroughly describes the regulatory powers of government and their application. The text also takes municipal law a step further by emphasizing the interrelationships among the various units of government: local and federal government, localities and the state, and between local government entities.

legal research and writing methods pdf

Zoning and Land Use

legal research and writing methods pdf

Topics Covered N-S

Hover over the N-S tab above to access these topics:

Non-Profit Corporations (see also Corporations)

Patents (see also Intellectual Property)

legal research and writing methods pdf

Topics covered in T-Z

Hover over the T-Z tab above to access these topics:

Trademarks (see also Intellectual Property)

Trusts and Estates

Zoning and Land Use Law (see also Municipal Law)

legal research and writing methods pdf

  • Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons, tentative draft, No. 2 by American Law Institute Call Number: available on Lexis and Westlaw Publication Date: 2017 This draft includes Chapter 1, Definitions of Intentional Torts to Persons: Transferred Intent, of which Sections 101-105;110 were submitted for approval. These sections, with the exceptions noted below, were approved by the membership at the 2015 Annual Meeting, subject to discussion at the meeting and to editorial prerogative. This approved material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published. The following was subject to discussion only and is not considered approved material: Chapter 1 § 101(d), and Comments f, g; § 104(b), and Comment d; and § 105(c), and Comment j.
  • Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Liability for Economic Harm, tentative draft by American Law Institute Call Number: KF1249.4 .R475; available on Lexis and Westlaw Publication Date: 2012- (kept current with supplements) This draft covers portions of Chapter 1 Unintentional Infliction of Economic Loss (§§ 6-8), and Chapter 2 Liability in Tort for Fraud (§§9-15). This draft was approved by the membership at the 2014 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.

legal research and writing methods pdf

This guide is just a start. Below are some additional ways to find treatises. 

  • HLS Library guide to secondary sources. More information about using treatises is included in this guide.
  • Ask Us Ask a librarian at HLS (or your place of employment or a local law library) to help you find a treatise.
  • Browse the stacks Once you have an idea of the call number for your subject, you can browse shelves in that area for books that might be helpful. Keep in mind that not everything we have is on the shelf: items may be checked out by others, some treatises are now only available online, and some of our print collection is housed offsite at the Harvard Depository and is only findable through HOLLIS. Most treatises at the Depository are no longer updated.
  • Explore subject headings To find more titles in the HOLLIS catalogue, click through to an individual title in this guide, then click the relevant subject heading links for more books on that subject.
  • Search HOLLIS HOLLIS is the catalogue of materials owned by Harvard in both print and electronic formats. Use the HOLLIS tab to find books. Do a keyword or subject search, then use the facets to limit your search to the HLS Library. Note: Most treatises don't include the word treatise in their titles, so it tends not to be a useful search term.
  • Search HOLLIS Classic Another way of accessing the Harvard Library collection, HOLLIS Classic is particularly good for subject searches or if you have a specific title in mind.
  • Consult the Legal Information Buyer's Guide and Reference Manual by Ken Svengalis Call numbert: Reference Desk KF1 .L425; available on Lexis Svengalis's book reviews treatises in many subjects, noting their strengths, weaknesses, currency, and intended audiences.
  • Consult Legal Looseleafs: Electronic and Print by Arlene Eis Call number: Reference Desk KF1 .L43; available online at link. Legal Looseleafs: Electronic and Print provides detailed information on over 2,600 looseleafs published by over 100 publishers.

Legal Research and Writing

Bernard Koteen Office of Public Interest Advising 4039 Wasserstein Hall (WCC) 1585 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138

Legal writing refers generally to the analysis of fact patterns and presentation of arguments in legal memos and briefs. The vast majority of legal internships and permanent positions will require the deployment of legal writing skills. Those working in settings where client-based or impact litigation are the principal focus will draft and file legal briefs that coherently present their side’s written arguments to the court. Certain positions might entail the drafting of predictive memos, which anticipate the arguments of opposing counsel. Even non-litigation positions may require you to research a legal question, analyze the relevant legal precedents, and present an answer in a memo. Work in academia may involve not only writing for scholarly publications but also teaching law students the basics of legal writing and citation. Some larger government agencies and non-profit organizations may also hire someone to provide legal writing training to new hires or to oversee their legal publications.

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Legal Research Methods- LLM-Course Manual

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Related Papers

Neels Swanepoel

legal research and writing methods pdf

Journal of Ethiopian Law, Vol. XXV No. 2

Wondemagegn Goshu

Generally two problems of legal research could be identified in Ethiopia. The first relates to the dearth of finding tools or law finders that are crucial in standard legal researches as carried out for instance in writing legal memorandum or pleadings. It is common knowledge among Ethiopian legal scholars that their doctrinal researches at present are not assisted by systematic tools of locating the law. Although there were beginnings to systematize the publication and the finding of Ethiopian laws such as the consolidation efforts of the 1970’s, none of them resulted in permanent tools of legal research. Moreover, there is little consensus among legal scholars on the importance of law finding tools in Ethiopia. The second problem relates to the meaning and type of empirical legal research methods that should be applied in empirical legal scholarship. The introduction of a course on legal research methods, with recent reforms of law school curricula, might be evidence of the growing recognition of empirical legal research methods in the study and practice of law. But telling from the content and organization of the textbook1, (empirical) legal research methods are more obscured than elaborated. While criticizing the text is not the point of this article and as a matter of fact the text’s efforts have to be acknowledged as pioneering empirical methods to Ethiopian law students, the textbook provides little assistance for actual undertaking of empirical legal research owing to its lack of clarity exemplified by ambiguities in terminologies and concepts of research methods. Such problems surrounding significance and meaning of legal research in Ethiopia naturally call for exploration of the various issues of research methods, issues which will hopefully be taken up for further research and action by students, practitioners, and institutes of law. Hence exploration, it should be stated, is the objective of this article. As in the nature of exploratory research, instead of providing concrete solutions, the article aims at identifying issues concerning legal research in Ethiopia.

Dharmendra Chatur

Olga Rybina

My picture at page 11

Matthew Festa

Land use is a discipline that involves diverse academic, practical, and social perspectives; it is also an ideal subject for applying nontraditional teaching methods, including those suggested by the “best practices” movement in legal education. In this article -- a contribution to the “Practically Grounded” conference on teaching land use and environmental law -- I suggest that a scholarly research and writing focus can help students develop their practical and analytical skills and values while achieving “best practices” goals in the context of a doctrinal land use course. In the article I set forth a pedagogical basis for including an academic writing component in a doctrinal land use course, and I discuss the experience of teaching a large land use class with a significant research and writing component. The benefits from an academic writing focus may also apply to teaching in other doctrinal fields.

Heather Douglas

Ajit Maharana

Valentina Bartali

Russell Pearce

The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes

Jill Northcott

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IMAGES

  1. Foundations of Legal Research and Writing, 5th Edition

    legal research and writing methods pdf

  2. Introduction to Legal Research and Writing

    legal research and writing methods pdf

  3. Legal Research, Analysis and Writing

    legal research and writing methods pdf

  4. Legal Research Methodology

    legal research and writing methods pdf

  5. The Legal Writing Handbook: Analysis, Research and Writing (8th Edition

    legal research and writing methods pdf

  6. The Comprehensive Guide to Legal Research, Writing & Analysis, 3rd

    legal research and writing methods pdf

VIDEO

  1. How to do Legal Research

  2. Writing a Dissertation Paper in Legal Research & Writing 005

  3. What are the Legal Writing Skills? 004

  4. Legal Research Writing Demand Ltrs & Review

  5. Becoming a Lawyer in Canada: NCA Exam Tips and the Legal Research & Writing Course

  6. Legal Language & Culture of Legal Research & Writing 002

COMMENTS

  1. PDF Legal Research, Legal Writing, and Legal Analysis

    Writing; Legal Writing; and Communication and Legal Reasoning are some of the more common course names. 2 See Ralph L. Brill et al., ABA Sec. of Leg. Educ. & Admis. to the B., Sourcebook on Legal Writing Programs 17 (1997) (noting that "analysis is inherent in writing"); James E. Moliterno, John B. Mitchell et al., Seattle University Skills ...

  2. PDF Guide to Legal Research and Writing

    Bonus Tip: Be tactical with your research.Look out for specific terms that may lead to relevant material on search engines and databases. Note: The aforementioned steps, tips etc. apply to all forms of legal writing, however, you may choose to skip out on the compilation and discussion part for smaller pieces, i.e. blogs, short-

  3. PDF An Introduction to Legal Research

    Step #1: Legal Research Process 7 Secondary Sources: Sources of information that describe or interpret the law, such as legal treatises, law review articles, and other scholarly legal writings, cited by lawyers to persuade a court to reach a particular decision in a case, but which the court is not obligated to follow.

  4. Legal Research Strategy

    About This Guide. This guide will walk a beginning researcher though the legal research process step-by-step. These materials are created with the 1L Legal Research & Writing course in mind. However, these resources will also assist upper-level students engaged in any legal research project.

  5. (Pdf) Legal Research Methodology: an Overview

    Abstract:-. Research methodology is the process for direct approach through mixed types of research. techniques. The research approach supports the researcher to come across the research result ...

  6. PDF Introduction to Legal Research and Writing

    Title: Introduction to legal research and writing / by Carol M. Bast. Description: Durham, North Carolina : Carolina Academic Press, LLC, [2020] Identifiers: LCCN 2020036429 (print) | LCCN 2020036430 (ebook) | ISBN 9781531020255 (paperback) | ISBN 9781531020262 (ebook)

  7. PDF GENERAL EDITOR: GABRIELE GRIFFIN Research Methods

    Tables and Figures ta Bles 2.1 Core features of qualitative and quantitative methods 51 2.2 A summary of common non-probability sampling 58 2.3 Five major methods of quantitative research 60 2.4 Continuum of quantitative research designs 61 2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of survey methods 63 2.6 Measures of central tendency/Basic descriptive statistics 64

  8. The Legal Research and Writing Handbook

    With clear explanations, examples, and visual aids, The Legal Research and Writing Handbook, Eighth Edition by Andrea Yelin and Hope Viner Samborn offers complete coverage of a complex subject in a student-friendly, accessible text. In this thoroughly updated new edition, the authors continue to keep pace with legal research, citation, and technology in today's law firms.

  9. Legal Writing I & II: Legal Research and Writing & Introduction to

    Legal Writing I & II; Legal Research and Writing & Introduction to Litigation Practice contains a brief discussion of all of the topics covered in a law school courses on legal writing, including a typical first semester course on legal research, analysis and writing an objective memorandum, as well as a second semester course on persuasion and writing an appellate brief, motion to ...

  10. Idea and Methods of Legal Research

    The book then goes on to discuss the use of multi-method legal research, policy research, action research, and feminist legal research and finally, reflects on research-based critical legal writing, as opposed to client-related legal writing. This book, thus, is a comprehensive answer to key questions one faces in legal research.

  11. PDF Lecture notes for LLAW6022 Advanced (Legal) Research Author(s ...

    1 A useful follow-on text is John Bahrij, Hong Kong Legal Research: Methods and Skills (Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell Asia, 2007). 2 ... Law, and therefore legal research and writing, are sui generis, as law students and teachers in "Introduction to Thesis Writing" themselves admit. The reason for this is not difficult to understand.

  12. PDF Legal Research and Writing: An Integrated Approach

    In the spring semester, in Legal Writing II, you will build on these basic skills to develop more sophisticated researching, writing, and citation practices. The premise of both courses is that research, writing, and citation weave together like a triple helix, each informing the other in the process called legal writing.

  13. Legal Writing Based on Research

    Abstract. Like other forms of legal writing, such as client-related writing for litigation and transaction purposes and norm-creating legal writing in the form of legislation and judgments, academic legal writing based on research has great importance for legal development. Its forms include research report, article, notes/comments, and book ...

  14. PDF Teaching Legal Research and Writing

    Kelly M. Feeley is a Visiting Instructor of Legal Research and Writing, and Stephanie A. Vaughan is the Associate Director of Legal Research and Writing at Stetson University College of Law in St. Petersburg, Fla. Every teacher is faced with that daunting question from the student with the very skeptical look: "Will we really use this stuff ...

  15. PDF Legal Methodology & Legal Research and Writing

    Legal Methodology & Legal Research and Writing A Very Short Introduction Methodology is a scientific discipline which pertains to defining and systematizing methods, that is, appropriate ways of discerning the subject of investigation. ... Legal Research Methods, 2009, p. 16. 2 Robert S. Summers, The New Analytical Jurists [ (1966) ...

  16. Legal Research & Writing

    Legal Research Illustrated offers an authoritative introduction to legal research, including the most recent methods and resources. This teaching tool provides an in-depth discussion of the legal research process, integrating electronic sources and other research aids. The Ninth Edition includes a new chapter on legal writing.

  17. Legal Research and Writing Methods

    Get Textbooks on Google Play. Rent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone.

  18. PDF Legal Research Methods

    UNIT 10: WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT-----208 . 10.1 Structural layout of research report-----211 ... In this backdrop, the present course on Legal Research Methods intends to acquaint the students of law with scientific methods of inquiry into law. It also intends to make

  19. Legal Research and Writing

    Legal Research and Writing. Legal writing refers generally to the analysis of fact patterns and presentation of arguments in legal memos and briefs. The vast majority of legal internships and permanent positions will require the deployment of legal writing skills. Those working in settings where client-based or impact litigation are the ...

  20. PDF The Canadian Legal Research and Writing Guide

    1.1 Legal research is an essential lawyering skill The ability to conduct legal research is essential for lawyers, regardless of area or type of practice. The most basic step in legal research is to find the leading case governing the issues in question. As most researchers know, this is far more difficult than it sounds.

  21. Legal Writing I & II: Legal Research and Writing & Introduction to

    Abstract. Legal Writing I & II; Legal Research and Writing & Introduction to Litigation Practice contains a brief discussion of all of the topics covered in law school courses on legal writing, including a typical first semester course on legal research, analysis and writing an objective memorandum, as well as a second semester course on persuasion and writing an appellate brief, motion to ...

  22. (PDF) Legal Resaerch and Writings

    PDF | Research is a rigorous and systematic search to solve a social or legal problem or create new knowledge. ... familiar with research methods or forms of research writing but are interested in ...

  23. Legal Research Methods- LLM-Course Manual

    The introduction of a course on legal research methods, with recent reforms of law school curricula, might be evidence of the growing recognition of empirical legal research methods in the study and practice of law. But telling from the content and organization of the textbook1, (empirical) legal research methods are more obscured than elaborated.