beginning an essay with a block quote

Is it acceptable to begin an essay with a block quotation?

Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook . For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook .

Yes, an essay may start with a block quotation. The quotation should be important to your discussion and referred to in your prose. This distinguishes it from an epigraph, which is ornamental in nature.

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MLA Block Quotes | Format and Examples (8th Edition)

Published on May 23, 2018 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on March 5, 2024.

When you include a long quote in an MLA paper , you have to format it as a block quote . MLA style (8th edition) requires block quote formatting for:

• Quotes of poetry longer than three lines
• Quotes of prose longer than four lines

An MLA block quote is set on a new line, indented 0.5 inches, with no quotation marks. The MLA in-text citation  goes after the period at the end of the block quote.

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Table of contents

How to block quote in mla, block quote examples, quotes within block quotes, omitting words or lines in block quotes, frequently asked questions about block quoting in mla.

To create a block quote in MLA, follow these four simple steps.

Step 1: Introduce the quote

Always introduce block quotes in your own words. Start with a sentence or two that shows the reader why you are including the quote and how it fits into your argument. After the introductory sentence, add a colon , and then start the quote on a new line.

Step 2: Format the quote

Like the rest of your MLA format paper, the block quote should be double spaced. Indent the entire quote half an inch from the left margin. Include the same capitalization , punctuation, and line breaks as appear in the original text.

Step 3: Cite the quote

At the end of the quote, add an MLA in-text citation directly after the final punctuation mark. This contains the name of the author(s) and the page number(s) from which the quote is taken.

Every in-text citation must correspond to an entry in the Works Cited list. You can create citations using our free MLA citation generator .

Step 4: Comment on the quote

Under the block quote, analyze or comment on the quoted text. Never end a paragraph with a block quote – you should always start and end in your own words.

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Use the tabs to navigate between the examples for quoting prose and quoting poetry . Pay attention to the indentation, spacing, the colon after the leading sentence, and the parenthetical citation.

• Block quote of prose
• Block quote of poetry

The reader quickly becomes familiar with Nick Carraway’s relationship with Jay Gatsby, as the very first mention of the character illustrates both his admiration and disdain :

The poem “My Country” is one of the most widely known in Australia, expressing the poet’s affection for the country’s unique landscape :

If you block quote from a play, follow our guide to MLA play citation .

If you want to block quote a passage that itself contains a quote , use quotation marks as you normally would around the inner quote.

Example nested quotation

Like his introduction of Gatsby, Fitzgerald’s opening description of Daisy immediately informs the reader of her charm and allure:

You can shorten block quotes by using ellipses ( … ) to indicate that you have removed some text. If you shorten a quote like this, make sure it doesn’t change the author’s original meaning or leave out important context.

If you want to omit a line of poetry , you can indicate this with a line of periods approximately the same length as the line of the poem.

In MLA style , if you quote more than four lines from a source, use MLA block quote formatting .

If you are quoting poetry , use block quote formatting for any quote longer than three lines.

To format a block quote in MLA:

• Introduce the quote with a colon and set it on a new line.
• Indent the whole quote 0.5 inches from the left margin.
• Place the MLA in-text citation after the period at the end of the block quote.

Then continue your text on a new line (not indented).

To create a correctly formatted block quote in Microsoft Word, follow these steps:

• Hit Enter at the beginning and end of the quote.
• Highlight the quote and select the Layout menu.
• On the Indent tab, change the left indent to 0.5″.

Do not put quotation marks around the quote, and make sure to include an MLA in-text citation after the period at the end.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Gahan, C. (2024, March 05). MLA Block Quotes | Format and Examples (8th Edition). Scribbr. Retrieved April 15, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/block-quotes/

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Erin Wright Writing

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Block Quotations, Part 1: How to Introduce Block Quotations

By Erin Wright

The Purpose of Block Quotations

Although block quotations were originally a typesetting mechanism, 1 today they serve three purposes: (1) improve readability by visually separating lengthy quotations from the surrounding text, (2) help to ensure that the quoted material is not mistaken for original content, and (3) display quoted material that may need special formatting such as letters reproduced in their entirety or short excerpts of poetry or song lyrics.

Block Quotation Lengths

Generally, long quotations should be formatted as block quotations and short quotations should be formatted as run-in quotations. However, our primary style guides are not on the same page when it comes to defining “long” and “short.”

The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends using block quotations for all quoted material over ninety-nine words, multi-paragraph quotations (even if less than a hundred words), and content that needs special formatting. 2 Readers who follow Chicago’s student version, commonly called Turabian, should see the Style Guide Alert below.

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) suggests using block quotations for all quoted material exceeding thirty-nine words. 3

The MLA Handbook advises block quotations for quoted prose that runs over four lines or poetry that runs more than three lines. 4 Unfortunately, line length can vary dramatically when viewed on different mobile devices, so this recommendation isn’t particularly helpful outside of printed academic projects.

Style Guide Alert

Chicago’s student version, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian, differs from the original manual on the length of block quotations.

Turabian recommends using block quotations for any prose quotation of five lines or more and any poetry quotation of two lines or more. Like the original manual, Turabian says that shorter quotations can be placed in block quotations if special emphasis is needed. 5

With apologies to longtime readers who have read this many times before, if you are wondering which style guide to follow , I always recommend Chicago style first because it is a comprehensive and versatile option for general business writing as well as most fiction and nonfiction publishing.

How to Introduce Block Quotations

Block quotations that start with a complete sentence are usually introduced with a complete sentence ending with a colon . 6

(All of the examples below use Lorem ipsum placeholder text to maintain emphasis on formatting.)

“ Block Quotations, Part 2: How to Format Block Quotations ” covers structural issues such as indentation sizes, quotation mark usage, multi-paragraph indentation, and citation placement.

“ Block Quotations, Part 3: Block Quotation Issues and Concerns ” discusses special considerations when using block quotations such as copyright issues, reader expectations, and alternative options.

If you just can’t get enough of quotations (because, seriously, who can get enough of quotations?), check out my last post, “ How to Introduce Run-in Quotations .”

1. “ Block Quotation ,” Wikipedia , last modified October 24, 2018.

2. The Chicago Manual of Style , 17th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 13.10.

3. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , 7th ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2020), 8.27.

4. MLA Handbook , 8th ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2016), 1.3.2–3.

5. Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations , 9th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018), 25.2, 25.2.2, 25.2.2.2.

6. MLA Handbook , 1.3.2.

7. The Chicago Manual of Style , 13.17 .

8. The Chicago Manual of Style ,13.20.

9. The Chicago Manual of Style , 13 . 23.

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APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

• Basics of APA Formatting
• In Text Quick View
• Block Quotes

About Block Quotes

Block quote example.

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• Any quotation containing 40 or more words should be formatted as a Block Quote
• Do not use quotation marks to enclose block quotations.  Do use double quotation marks to enclose any quoted material within a block quotation
• Place period at the end of the quote rather than after the citation
• Block quotes should start on a new line and indent the block about ½ inch from the left margin
• If there are additional paragraphs within the block quote, indent the first line of each an additional half inch.

For further information and examples, consult pages 92 and 171 of the APA Manual.

Accord to Siegel and Hartzell (2004)            

trauma and loss requires an understanding of the low road and its connection to patterns of experiences from the past. The passing of unresolved issues from generation to generation produces and perpetuates unnecessary emotional suffering. If our own issues remain unresolved, there is a strong possibility that the disorganization within our minds can createdisorganization in our children’s minds. (p. 183)

During gestation, the numerous genes in the nucleus of each cell become expressed and the genes determine what proteins become produced and when and how to shape the body’s structure.  In utero brain development enables neurons to grow and move to their proper locations in the skull and begin to set up the interconnections that create the circuitry of this complex organ of the nervous system.  (Siegel & Hartzell, 2004)

***Disclaimer- screen size may distort orientation of block quote view

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• Writing Tips

Writing Tips: How to Use Block Quotes

2-minute read

• 19th March 2018

Quoting sources is crucial in academic writing . It shows you’ve read up on your subject. It also lets you back up arguments with evidence and ideas from other people. But if you’re quoting a long passage of text, there are rules you need to follow to make sure your work is presented correctly .

That’s why we’ve prepared this handy guide on how (and when) to use block quotes.

What are Block Quotes?

Block quotes are longer passages of quoted text that have been set apart from your own writing. This ensures that the reader does not confuse the quoted text with your own writing.

When Should I Use a Block Quote?

Generally speaking, block quotes should be used sparingly. This is particularly true in academic writing, since you need to show you can express your ideas in your own words .

However, quoting a longer passage now and then is fine, especially if your arguments rely on how something is worded (e.g., when analyzing a literary text).

A good rule of thumb is using a block quote for quotations that are more than 40 words long. If you’re using a particular style guide, though, it might have specific guidelines. For example:

How to Present Block Quotes

The exact rules for formatting block quotes may depend on the style guide you’re using (always make sure to check if you’re not sure). However, there are a few guidelines that apply in most cases:

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• Start the block quote on a new line (typically after a colon or comma)
• Indent the block of text from the left margin (usually by around half an inch)
• Don’t use quote marks, but cite the source as usual
• Indent the first line of each paragraph after the first if quoting more than one

After the block quote, simply resume your own text on a new line with standard formatting.

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MLA Style Guide: 8th Edition: Block Quote

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• Direct Quote

Block Quote

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IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR A...

The block quote is used for direct quotations that are longer than four lines of prose, or longer than three lines of poetry. A block quote is always used when quoting dialogue between characters, as in a play.

The block format is a freestanding quote that does not include quotation marks. Introduce the block quote with a colon (unless the context of your quote requires different punctuation) and start it on a new line. Indent the entire quote 1-inch from the left margin and double-space it (even if the rest of your paper is not double-spaced). Include the page number at the end of your block quote outside of the ending period. Also include the author's last name, date of publication, and page number(s)/paragraph number.

If you quote a single paragraph (or just part of one), do not indent the first line of the block quote more than the rest:

It is not until near the end of The Hound of the Baskervilles that the hound itself is actually seen:

A hound it was, an enormous coal-black hound, but not such a hound as mortal eyes have ever seen. Fire burst from its open mouth, its eyes glowed with a smouldering glare, its muzzle and hackles and dewlap were outlined in flickering flame. Never in the delirious dream of a disordered brain could anything more savage, more appalling, more hellish be conceived than that dark form and savage face which broke upon us out of the wall of fog. (Doyle 82)

If you quote two or more paragraphs, indent the first line of each paragraph an additional ¼ inch. However, if the first sentence quoted does not begin a paragraph in the source, do not indent it the additional amount, only indent the subsequent paragraphs. Here is an example where the first sentence is the beginning of a paragraph:

In the aftermath of the hound sighting, Sherlock Holmes keeps his cool:

   Sir Henry lay insensible where he had fallen. We tore away his collar, and Holmes breathed a prayer of gratitude when we saw that there was no sign of a wound and that the rescue had been in time. Already our friend's eyelids shivered and he made a feeble effort to move. Lestrade thrust his brandy-flask between the baronet's teeth, and two frightened eyes were looking up at us.

   "My God!" he whispered. "What was it? What, in heaven's name, was it?"

   "It's dead, whatever it is," said Holmes. (Doyle 82)

Just as for prose, poetry block quotations (3+ lines) should begin on a new line. Unless the quotation involves unusual spacing, format it as you would prose:  indent each line one-inch from margin and double-space the lines. Do not add any quotation marks that do not appear in the source:

Gwendolyn Brooks’ poem “To John Oliver Killens in 1975” addresses another African American writer of the day:

look at our mercy, the massiveness that it is not.

look  at our “unity,” look at our

“black solidarity.”

Dim, dull, and dainty. (1-5)

A line of poetry in a block quote that is too long to fit within the right margin of the page should be continued on the next line and indented an additional ¼ inch:

Allen Ginsberg’s famous poem “Howl” begins:

I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,

dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix,

angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo

   in the machinery of night, (9)

When quoting dialogue from a play, begin each part with the appropriate character’s name indented 1-inch from the left margin and written in all capital letters followed by a period. Then, start the quotation and indent all subsequent lines an additional ¼ inch. In the parenthetical reference at the end of the quote, include the act, scene, and line(s) of your quote, instead of the page number(s):

At the beginning of Shakespeare’s The Tempest , chaos erupts on a ship at sea before the cast of characters ends up on Prospero’s island:

MARINERS. All lost! to prayers, to prayers! all lost!

BOATSWAIN. What, must our mouths be cold?

GONZALO. The king and prince at prayers! let’s assist them,

For our case is as theirs.

SEBASTIAN.                                        I’m out of patience.

ANTONIO. We are merely cheated of our lives by drunkards:

This wide-chapp’d rascal,—would thou mightst lie drowning

The washing of ten tides!

GONZALO.                                          He’ll be hang’d yet,

Though every drop of water swear against it,

And gape at widest to glut him.

A confused noise within: “Mercy on us!”—“We split, we

split!”—“Farewell my wife and children!”—“Farewell,

brother!”—“We split, we split, we split!” (1.5.3-14)

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Module 7: MLA Citations

Mla block quotations, when to use a block quotation.

A typical quotation is enclosed in double quotation marks and is part of a sentence within a paragraph of your paper. However, if you want to quote more than four lines of prose (or three lines of verse) from a source, you should format the excerpt as a block quotation, rather than as a regular quotation within the text of a paragraph. Most of the standard rules for quotations still apply, with the following exceptions: a block quotation will begin on its own line, it will not be enclosed in quotation marks, and its in-text citation will come after the ending punctuation, not before it.

For example, if you wanted to quote the entire first paragraph of Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland , you would begin that quotation on its own line and format it as follows:

Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, ‘and what is the use of a book,’ thought Alice, ‘without pictures or conversations?’ (Carroll 98)

The full reference for this source would then be included in your Works Cited section at the end of your paper.

Formatting Block Quotations

The entire block quotation should be indented one inch from the left margin. The first line of the excerpt should not be further indented, unless you are quoting multiple paragraphs—in which case the first line of each quoted paragraph should be further indented 0.25 inches. As should the rest of your paper, a block quotation in MLA style should be double-spaced.

Block Quotations

Watch this video from Imagine Easy Solutions for more information on formatting block quotations.

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How to Write Block Quotes in MLA: Proper Formatting and Usage

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Understanding Block Quotes in MLA Writing Style

Introducing block ‌quotes: definition and importance in mla formatting, proper ​format for ⁣block​ quotes in mla style guide, including block quotes in your mla paper: placement and indentation rules, using block quotes sparingly: when and why to include them, proper punctuation ‌and ​citation in mla block‍ quotes, blending block quotes seamlessly: tips for incorporating them in ⁢your⁣ writing, mastering‍ block ‌quotes: a step-by-step guide for mla⁢ formatting, frequently ‍asked ⁢questions, to conclude.

Block quotes are‌ an ​essential​ element of​ MLA writing​ style. ⁢When incorporating long quotations into ‌your essay, it‍ is important to understand how to format them ‌correctly to maintain⁤ consistency and readability throughout your paper. MLA (Modern Language Association) style provides guidelines‌ for‍ properly using block ‌quotes to give credit to the original author while adding ​credibility to your own⁤ arguments.

To correctly format a block quote ‌in MLA style, follow these key elements: – Indentation: Start the quote ⁤on a new line and⁢ indent the entire block approximately half an inch from‌ the left margin.‍ This‌ visually sets it apart⁣ from⁢ the‍ surrounding text and indicates to the reader ‌that it is ‌a distinct quotation. – No quotation marks:⁤ Unlike short quotes that ⁣are‌ enclosed within double ⁤quotation marks, block quotes do not‌ require any additional punctuation.⁣ The indentation serves ‌as an indicator ⁢that it ⁣is‌ a‍ quotation, so there ‍is no need for quotation‌ marks.

Furthermore,​ keep in ⁤mind that the use of block quotes is ​typically ⁤reserved for longer‍ passages of text, usually⁤ consisting of four ⁣or more lines. These ‍quotes should be used sparingly and only when⁣ necessary to ⁣support your analysis or provide critical context to ⁣your argument. By incorporating block ‌quotes effectively,⁣ you can​ demonstrate‍ your understanding of​ MLA writing style⁢ and ⁢enhance the overall coherence and⁢ strength⁤ of your academic⁢ writing.

Block quotes ‍are ‍an essential⁤ element of MLA formatting that serve‌ to​ highlight and emphasize significant passages within ‍an academic paper or article. By using block quotes, writers ‌can ‌draw attention to key points made ​by‍ other ⁣authors and provide supporting evidence for their own arguments. Placing a block quote allows readers​ to ⁣easily ‌distinguish​ it from the surrounding text, making it clear that the words being ⁢quoted belong to ⁣someone else.

When including a block quote‍ in your writing, ‌follow these guidelines to maintain proper MLA formatting.⁢ First, ensure that the quote is longer than ⁢four lines of text. To clearly⁤ separate the block ‍quote from the rest of your content, indent the entire passage from ‍both the left and right margins of the page. This indentation ⁣helps signal to readers that they are consuming a distinct section of​ quoted material. Additionally, there is⁢ no need to use quotation marks for block ⁣quotes, as the ⁢indentation and formatting already indicate ‍that⁤ the content has been​ borrowed. Remember, when incorporating a‍ block quote, it is ‍important to provide accurate ‌attribution to the⁤ original author​ by including ​the necessary‍ citation information, ‍such as the author’s name, page number, and publication title.

Incorporating​ block quotes⁤ can greatly contribute to the overall readability and credibility of your⁢ academic work. By‍ utilizing this formatting ​feature, you show that you have engaged ‌with and thoroughly researched⁤ the topic, while ⁢also ​presenting alternate⁢ viewpoints to ‍support your ​own argument. ⁢So, when encountering⁣ a thought-provoking quote that⁢ you believe strengthens​ your writing, be sure to consider integrating it as a ‌block quote in your MLA-formatted work.

Block‍ quotes are a⁢ crucial element in academic ​writing as they allow us ‍to highlight and analyze significant ⁣passages from⁢ external sources. When‌ using block quotes in an MLA-style paper, it is ⁣important to ‍follow the proper‍ formatting ⁤guidelines to ensure‌ clarity and consistency. Here are some key points to keep in mind‍ when incorporating block quotes into your work:

– Indentation: ‌Begin the block​ quote⁣ on a new line and indent it 0.5 inches from⁤ the⁣ left margin. This‍ helps to visually distinguish the ‍quote from‍ the rest of your⁢ text, ⁤making ⁤it ⁣easier for readers to identify. -​ Quotation Marks:⁤ Unlike‌ regular quotations, block quotes should not be​ enclosed in​ quotation marks. Instead,‍ the entire quote should be presented as a separate block of text, indented as‍ mentioned⁤ above. – ‍Punctuation: Any punctuation that appears⁤ in the ‌original​ quote should be ‌preserved exactly as it is. However, if you need ⁢to add or alter ‌punctuation⁢ for clarity or ⁣grammatical ⁣correctness, enclose the additional ⁣punctuation within ‍square brackets to indicate that ‌it is not part of the original text.

Additionally, remember to provide ​the⁤ appropriate citation for the source of‍ the block ​quote, ⁣including ⁤the‍ author’s name, the title of ⁣the work, and ​the page number (if available).⁢ By following these guidelines, you can effectively integrate ‌block⁣ quotes into ‍your MLA-style paper, providing valuable insights and evidence⁢ to support your arguments.

Block quotes ‍are a valuable tool when ‌it comes to citing sources in your MLA‌ paper. Not ⁤only do they ⁣provide​ credibility and support‌ for ⁤your ‌arguments, but they also allow you to showcase the words of experts in ⁤the field. ​So, where exactly should you place these block⁤ quotes‌ in your paper?⁣ The ⁤placement and ⁢indentation rules are simple yet crucial‌ to ⁤follow to maintain the‌ integrity ​and flow of your writing.

1. Placement: – ⁢Always introduce block quotes with a ⁢signal phrase or sentence‍ that indicates ‌the​ source and author. ‌ – Insert the ⁤block quote in the ⁤body of ​your paper,⁣ maintaining double spacing between paragraphs. ⁤ ⁣ – Avoid starting a new ‌paragraph immediately after a block ​quote unless necessary for clarity. ⁢- If ⁢you have more ⁣than one block quote in a paragraph, ensure they are separated by at least one line of text.

2. Indentation: ‍ ⁤- Indent the entire block quote by 1 inch (or 2.54⁢ cm)​ from the left⁢ margin. – Do ‍not use ​quotation marks⁢ around block quotes. – Maintain the ​original formatting of the ​block quote, including ⁣line breaks⁢ and punctuation, unless clearly erroneous.

Following ‌these‍ placement ‍and indentation rules will ensure your block quotes​ seamlessly ‌blend into your MLA paper, providing the necessary evidence and ‌enhancing the credibility of your arguments. By properly⁣ attributing the words of others, you showcase your⁤ respect for scholarly work, creating a ‍more engaging and ⁣comprehensive academic piece.

In the world of academic ‍writing, proper punctuation and accurate citation are paramount when using MLA block quotes. To ensure that your quotes are seamlessly integrated into ‌your work, it is essential to follow these ⁣guidelines and‍ pay attention⁤ to every detail.⁣ Here are some key points to keep in mind:

1. Punctuation: When incorporating a block quote, it is crucial to​ preserve the original formatting, including the punctuation.⁤ However, there are instances where you might need to⁢ make slight adjustments for ⁢clarity or coherence. Remember the following:

– **Quotation marks**: MLA block quotes do not require the use ⁣of quotation ⁣marks. Instead, start the ‍quote on a⁢ new⁤ line, indented ⁢half an ⁤inch from‍ the left margin, and maintain​ double spacing throughout. – **Ellipses**: Sometimes, you may need to omit specific parts⁣ of⁣ the text you are quoting. In such cases, indicate the omission with an ‌ellipsis – three spaced periods with a space before and after each dot. ​ – **Brackets**: If you need to⁤ include additional information within a quote to provide ‍context or⁤ enhance understanding, enclose ​it in ⁢square brackets. ⁢This allows you to clarify any ambiguities without​ altering the original text.

2. ‌Citation: Proper citation is ⁢essential to acknowledge the sources‍ you use and avoid plagiarism. When handling MLA⁣ block quotes, these ‌citation rules apply:

– **Author’s name**: Introduce‌ the author’s full name or last name,⁣ followed by a comma, before ⁤the quoted text. This ⁤attribution helps to credit the original writer. – **Page numbers**: ⁤Include the page number(s) of the source from⁤ which you ⁤extracted the quote. Insert the page number(s) in parentheses after the ⁣closing ‍punctuation of the block quote. If applicable, clarify which edition or version of the work you ⁣are citing. ⁣ ‌ -‍ **Works cited**: As with⁣ any other source used ⁤in your paper, MLA block quotes should be ⁤acknowledged⁤ in the ‌works ​cited section. Ensure that the complete reference for the quoted ​text is ⁤included, adhering to MLA format guidelines.

By​ following these guidelines, you can elevate the quality of your work,⁣ maintain ‌proper attribution,​ and ensure⁢ that your block quotes accurately support your arguments. Embrace the power⁢ of correct punctuation and citation to boost the credibility and clarity‌ of your writing.

Writing is an⁤ art, ‌and incorporating block quotes seamlessly within your writing can elevate your work to new heights. These ⁣powerful and impactful excerpts ⁤from external sources can provide credibility ​and support to ‍your arguments,⁢ enhancing the overall⁤ quality of⁢ your piece. To ensure they seamlessly blend​ into your work, here ​are some valuable tips:

1. Choose the right moment for⁢ impact: Block quotes ⁢are most effective when used strategically. Select moments where the quoted text​ adds significant value to your​ own words. This could ⁤be when introducing⁣ an expert⁣ opinion, showcasing an opposing⁤ viewpoint, or adding strength to ⁣a key⁢ argument.

2. Introduce and contextualize: Setting the‌ stage for​ a block quote ‍is essential to maintain flow in your writing.⁣ Provide ​brief context before the quote⁤ to help readers⁤ understand its relevance and purpose. Remember ⁢to use HTML⁤ tags⁢ to indicate the beginning and end of the block quote, ensuring it stands out visually.

3. Keep it concise‌ and relevant: While block​ quotes hold substantial importance, remember that your own ‍voice should always take center stage. Ensure the quoted text is ‍concise and relates directly to your main topic or argument. Focus on⁢ extracting‌ the most valuable and impactful sentences, highlighting the essence ​of the original source.

Integrating⁣ block quotes tastefully‍ in⁣ your ‌writing can‌ make a⁣ world ⁤of ⁢difference, ‍enriching both the content and reader‌ experience. Remember, balance is key. Strive for a seamless combination of your voice and⁢ relevant external sources, allowing your​ words and ideas⁢ to​ shine​ through. With these tips, you’ll master the art of incorporating block‍ quotes, creating⁣ compelling and ⁢persuasive ⁣written works.

Block ⁤quotes are an essential tool in academic writing, allowing you ​to⁤ highlight‍ and analyze significant passages from⁤ external sources. Mastering MLA formatting guidelines for block quotes ensures that your​ citations are accurate and well-structured. To help you through this process, we’ve put together⁣ a step-by-step guide that will ‌make incorporating block quotes a breeze.

1. Start by identifying the relevant quote and determining⁢ its significance in supporting your argument. Keep in mind that block quotes should be used sparingly ‌and only when‌ the passage is particularly insightful or influential.

2. ⁢To format the‍ block quote, enclose ‍it within

tags ⁤in your HTML document. This‍ visually distinguishes it from the rest of your⁢ text, making it easier ⁢for⁤ readers to‍ identify​ the quoted material. Remember​ to ‌also⁤ indent the entire quote one inch or ⁤2.54 cm from the left margin.

3. Within ⁢the

tags, ⁢include the entire quote exactly as it appears ⁣in the original source, preserving any grammar or spelling mistakes.‌ However, omit⁢ any unnecessary words or lines using an‌ ellipsis ‍(…), ensuring that the meaning of the quote remains intact.

4. After ⁢the quote, provide an in-text citation‌ to acknowledge the source. In MLA⁤ format, this typically includes‍ the author’s last name and page number within‍ parentheses. For example, (Smith 123).

5. To seamlessly⁣ integrate the block quote into your‌ writing, introduce it with a signal phrase that provides context‌ and smoothly transitions into the quoted material. This phrase should be followed by a colon and written in plain text, not within the

Remember⁣ to use block quotes judiciously, as excessive or irrelevant⁤ quotations can disrupt​ the flow of your writing.⁤ By following ⁤these‌ steps, you’ll become a master of block quotes in‌ MLA formatting,⁢ effectively incorporating⁤ external sources into‍ your academic⁣ work while adhering to citation guidelines.

Q:⁢ What is a ​block quote in MLA format? A: A block quote in MLA format is a long quotation‍ that is indented from the⁤ rest‌ of the text ‍and presented in a separate‌ block of text. ⁤It is ⁤used to highlight ⁣important passages or direct quotes that​ are longer than four lines of prose​ or‍ three ⁤lines of verse.

Q: How should a⁤ block quote be formatted ⁢in‌ MLA? A: To⁤ properly ​format a‍ block quote ‍in MLA, you should ‍indent the​ entire quote by adding one inch or ten spaces from ​the left margin. It is important to maintain double spacing throughout⁢ the​ block quote, without adding any additional⁢ indentation ⁢to the first‌ line.

Q: When should you use a ‌block quote in ‍academic⁤ writing? A:​ Block quotes are typically ‌used‍ when a ⁢direct quotation is⁣ lengthy ⁣or contains important information that needs to be emphasized. It is common⁤ to use block quotes when citing sources, ⁤analyzing complex passages, or ​discussing specific details that require closer examination.

Q: Are there any⁤ specific rules ⁣for using block quotes ⁢in MLA? A:‍ Yes, there are a few important rules to follow‌ when using block quotes⁢ in MLA.​ Firstly, avoid⁢ quotation marks ⁤as⁢ the⁤ indentation signals that it is a quote. Additionally, if you want ⁣to omit any part of the original ​quote, use ellipsis (…) to indicate ​the omission. Finally, always‍ provide ​proper in-text citations ​with the author’s last name and page‌ number ⁤after the block quote.

Q: Can I‌ alter the formatting of a block⁤ quote? A: Generally, the formatting of a ⁣block⁤ quote should ⁣remain unchanged to ⁢reflect the original text. However, in certain cases, you may need to make minor ⁤alterations to the font size or style if it is ⁣necessary for your analysis​ or if the original quote contains special​ formatting. Make sure to use square ​brackets to indicate ‌any modifications made ⁢within the quote.

Q: How often should I use block ⁤quotes in ​my‌ essay ⁣or research ⁣paper? A:​ Block quotes should be used sparingly and only when necessary. It​ is generally‍ recommended to ⁢primarily ⁣rely ‍on paraphrasing or shorter ⁣quotes within​ the main body of your text. Block quotes are typically ⁣reserved for instances where ​it is ⁣crucial to ‌preserve the ⁢original wording, convey a specific tone, or⁣ analyze ⁤a⁣ longer passage in depth.

Q: Is it possible to cite⁣ multiple sources within​ a block quote? A: Yes, it is possible to cite multiple‍ sources ‍within a block quote in MLA. If you include ⁣multiple sources, make sure⁤ to list them in alphabetical order ‌separated by ​semicolons ⁢inside the parentheses.⁣ Additionally,‍ provide the⁣ relevant page numbers for each source⁣ to ensure accurate citation.

Q: Can ‍I use block quotes in other writing styles, such as APA or⁢ Chicago? A: Block quotes‍ are not exclusive ‌to⁤ MLA‍ format; ⁢they can also be used​ in other writing styles like APA or⁤ Chicago. However,‌ the specific guidelines for block quotes may differ slightly between different styles. It is essential to consult the appropriate style guide and follow the recommended ‌formatting guidelines ‌for each writing ​style you are‌ using.

In conclusion, mastering the ⁢proper formatting⁤ and⁢ usage of block quotes in​ MLA can ⁢greatly enhance your academic writing skills.

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• Writing Tips

How to Use Block Quotes

2-minute read

• 31st July 2017

Quoting sources is essential in academic writing . But do you know how and when to use block quotes? The exact rules for this depend on the referencing system you’re using. However, there are a few general guidelines that can help if you’re unsure what to do, as we will explain in this post.

What Is a Block Quote?

Block quotes are blocks of quoted text. Yes, sometimes life is that simple. They are typically used when quoting longer passages, as setting long quotations apart from surrounding text ensures they are not mistaken for your own work.

When to Use a Block Quote

Block quotes should only be used when necessary. If you’re quoting a source at length simply to set out an idea or theory, it’s usually better to paraphrase the original text in your own words (this shows you’ve understood the source).

Quoting at length is most useful when analysing a passage of text or when how something is written is essential to what it means. In both cases, block quotes are used when the exact wording of something is important.

There’s also the question of length. As a rule of thumb, block quotes should only be used for quotations of more than forty words. However, some style guides have specific rules on this:

Make sure to check your university’s style guide if you need to use a block quote in your work.

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How to Format Block Quotes

This one also varies depending on the referencing system you’re using. However, most approaches stick to a few basic rules:

• Begin block quotes on a new line indented from the main text.
• Don’t use quotation marks, but make sure a full citation is given.
• If citing multiple paragraphs, add an extra indent each time a new one begins.
• Resume the main text after the block quote on a new line with no indentation.

Some systems also have rules about the line spacing and punctuation used in block quotes, so make sure to check your style guide for advice if you’re using longer quotes in your work.

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A Guide to Using Quotations in Essays

Quotations Add Credibility to a Persuasive Essay

• Love Quotes
• Great Lines from Movies and Television
• Quotations For Holidays
• Best Sellers
• Classic Literature
• Plays & Drama
• Shakespeare
• Short Stories
• Children's Books
• M.B.A, Human Resource Development and Management, Narsee Monjee Institution of Management Studies
• B.S., University of Mumbai, Commerce, Accounting, and Finance

If you want to make an impact on your reader, you can draw on the potency of quotations. The  effective use of quotations  augments the power of your arguments and makes your essays more interesting.

But there is a need for caution! Are you convinced that the quotation you have chosen is helping your essay and not hurting it? Here are some factors to consider to ensure that you are doing the right thing.

What Is This Quotation Doing in This Essay?

Let us begin at the beginning. You have a chosen a quotation for your essay. But, why that specific quotation?

A good quotation should do one or more of the following:

• Make an opening impact on the reader
• Build credibility for your essay
• Make the essay more interesting
• Close the essay with a point to ponder upon

If the quotation does not meet a few of these objectives, then it is of little value. Merely stuffing a quotation into your essay can do more harm than good.

Your Essay Is Your Mouthpiece

Should the quotation speak for the essay or should the essay speak for the quotation? Quotations should add impact to the essay and not steal the show. If your quotation has more punch than your essay, then something is seriously wrong. Your essay should be able to stand on its own legs; the quotation should merely make this stand stronger.

How Many Quotations Should You Use in Your Essay?

Using too many quotations is like having several people shouting on your behalf. This will drown out your voice. Refrain from overcrowding your essay with words of wisdom from famous people. You own the essay, so make sure that you are heard.

Don't Make It Look Like You Plagiarized

There are some rules and standards when using quotations in an essay. The most important one is that you should not give the impression of being the author of the quotation. That would amount to plagiarism . Here are a set of rules to clearly distinguish your writing from the quotation:

• You may describe the quotation in your own words before using it. In this case, you should use a colon (:) to indicate the beginning of the quotation. Then begin the quotation with a quotation mark ("). After you have completed the quotation, close it with a quotation mark ("). Here is an example: Sir Winston Churchill made a witty remark on the attitude of a pessimist: "A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty."
• The sentence in which the quotation is embedded might not explicitly describe the quotation, but merely introduce it. In such a case, do away with the colon. Simply use the quotation marks . Here is an example: Sir Winston Churchill once said, "A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty."
• As far as possible, you should mention the author and the source of the quotation. For instance: In Shakespeare ’s play "As You Like It," Touchstone says to Audrey in the Forest of Arden, "The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool." (Act V, Scene I).
• Ensure that the source of your quotation is authentic. Also, verify the author of your quotation. You can do so by looking up the quotation on authoritative websites. For formal writing, do not rely on just one website.

Blend Quotations In

An essay can seem quite jarring if the quotation does not blend in. The quotation should naturally fit into your essay. No one is interested in reading quotation-stuffed essays.

Here are some good tips on blending in your quotations:

• You can begin your essay with a quotation that sets off the basic idea of the essay. This can have a lasting impact on your reader. In the introductory paragraph of your essay, you can comment on the quotation if you like. In any case, do ensure that the relevance of the quotation is communicated well.
• Your choice of phrases and adjectives can significantly boost the impact of the quotation in your essay. Do not use monotonous phrases like: "George Washington once said...." If your essay is written for the appropriate context, consider using emphatic expressions like: "George Washington rocked the nation by saying...."

Using Long Quotations

It is usually better to have short and crisp quotations in your essay. Generally, long quotations must be used sparingly as they tend to weigh down the reader. However, there are times when your essay has more impact with a longer quotation.

If you have decided to use a long quotation, consider paraphrasing , as it usually works better. But, there is a downside to paraphrasing too. Instead of paraphrasing, if you use a direct quotation , you will avoid misrepresentation. The decision to use a long quotation is not trivial. It is your judgment call.

If you are convinced that a particular long quotation is more effective, be sure to format and punctuate it correctly.   Long quotations should be set off as block quotations . The format of block quotations should follow the guidelines that you might have been provided. If there are no specific guidelines, you can follow the usual standard—if a quotation is more than three lines long, you set it off as a block quote. Blocking implies indenting it about half an inch on the left.

Usually, a brief introduction to a long quotation is warranted. In other cases, you might need to provide a complete analysis of the quotation. In this case, it is best to begin with the quotation and follow it with the analysis, rather than the other way around.

Using Cute Quotes or Poetry

Some students choose a cute quotation first and then try to plug it into their essay. As a consequence, such quotations usually drag the reader away from the essay.

Quoting a verse from a poem, however, can add a lot of charm to your essay. I have come across writing that acquires a romantic edge merely by including a poetic quotation. If you are quoting from poetry, keep in mind that a small extract of a poem, say about two lines long, requires the use of slash marks (/) to indicate line breaks. Here is an example:

Charles Lamb has aptly described a child as "A child's a plaything for an hour;/ Its pretty tricks we try / For that or for a longer space; / Then tire, and lay it by." (1-4)

If you use a single line extract of a poem, punctuate it like any other short quotation without the slashes. Quotation marks are required at the beginning and at the end of the extract. However, if your quotation is more than three lines of poetry, I would suggest that you treat it like you would have treated a long quotation from prose. In this case, you should use the block quote format.

Does Your Reader Understand the Quotation?

Perhaps the most important question you must ask yourself when using a quotation is: "Do readers understand the quotation and its relevance to my essay ?"

If the reader is re-reading a quotation, just to understand it, then you are in trouble. So when you choose a quotation for your essay, ask yourself the following questions:

• Is this too convoluted for my reader?
• Does this match the tastes of my audience ?
• Is the grammar and vocabulary in this quotation understandable?
• How to Use Block Quotations in Writing
• Definition and Examples of Direct Quotations
• Definition and Examples of Quotation in English Grammar
• How to Use Shakespeare Quotes
• Guidelines for Using Quotation Marks Correctly
• What Is an Indentation?
• Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly
• How To Write an Essay
• Difference Between "Quote" and "Quotation": What Is the Right Word?
• The Five Steps of Writing an Essay
• How and When to Paraphrase Quotations
• Write an Attention-Grabbing Opening Sentence for an Essay
• Development in Composition: Building an Essay
• Compose a Narrative Essay or Personal Statement
• What an Essay Is and How to Write One

• How it works

How to Block Quote | A Guide with Examples

Published by Olive Robin at October 17th, 2023 , Revised On October 17, 2023

In any form of written communication, be it academic writing, journalism, or even casual blogging, there comes a time when we need to reference another’s words to support, explain, or emphasise our points. This is where block quotes come into play. Block quotes and paraphrasing in sources are both essential techniques when relying on external materials.

A block quote is a direct, word-for-word replication of a section from another source, usually set apart from the main text. It is often indented, italicised, or presented in a different font or size to clearly distinguish it from the original writing.

Beyond just quoting, block quotes serve as a visual marker, signalling readers that the words they are reading aren’t the author’s original thoughts but rather an extraction from another source. Properly integrating sources is a crucial skill, and using block quotes is one of the ways to achieve it.

So, why is it important to use block quotes?

Preserving Original Meaning

By quoting directly, we ensure that the original author’s meaning is preserved, reducing the risk of misinterpretation.

Lending Credibility

When making a claim or stating a fact, presenting a direct quote from a reputable source lends more credibility to your statements.

Highlighting Significant Information

Sometimes, the original way something was said is so impactful that paraphrasing doesn’t do it justice. In these instances, a block quote is a perfect choice.

What is a Block Quote?

A block quote, often referred to as a “long quotation” or “extract,” is a lengthy quotation that is separated from the main body of the text, typically by being indented, set in a smaller font size, or both. The exact length that qualifies a quote to be block-quoted varies between citation styles, but it usually starts from around 40 words or more. This distinguishes it from regular quotations, which are integrated into the text and enclosed in quotation marks.

Unlike regular quotations, block quotes typically do not have quotation marks at the beginning or end (though there are exceptions based on specific formatting styles). The primary purpose is to visually separate it, signalling the reader that they are about to delve into a direct excerpt from another source.

When and why to Use Block Quotes

A few situations where you should use block quotes are discussed below. 

Length of the Quote

As previously mentioned, once a quote surpasses a certain length (often around 40 words, but this may vary), it’s recommended to format it as a block quote.

Preservation of Originality 

There are times when the original phrasing of a statement carries weight, emotion, or clarity that cannot be matched by paraphrasing. In such cases, a block quote retains the original’s power.

Focus on the Source

Using a block quote can draw the reader’s attention to the significance of the cited information. It emphasises the importance of the content being quoted.

Avoiding Plagiarism

Especially in academic and research writing, presenting someone else’s ideas as your own is a serious offence. Block quotes, combined with proper citation, ensure that credit is appropriately given.

Clarifying or Supporting Arguments

When discussing complex topics, a direct quote from an expert or primary source can clarify or further support your argument.

Different Styles and Their Guidelines

Each academic and professional field often adheres to a particular citation style, which dictates how sources are cited and how block quotes are presented. Source evaluation is another integral part of this process, ensuring the credibility and reliability of the referenced materials. Here, we will explore three popular styles: APA, MLA, and Chicago.

The American Psychological Association (APA) format is a widely used style in the social sciences. It offers guidelines on how to structure papers, cite sources, and format text—including block quotes.

Using APA correctly adds credibility to a piece of writing and ensures the reader can trace back to the original sources of information.

How to Format Block Quotes in APA

• Begin the block quote on a new line.
• Indent the entire block quote ½ inch (or five to seven spaces) from the left margin.
• Do not use quotation marks around the block quote.
• Use double-spacing throughout, just as you would with the rest of the paper.
• The citation should come after the punctuation at the end of the block quote.

Example of a Block Quote in APA

Smith (2020) highlights the impact of global warming: Climate change has accelerated at a pace previously unforeseen by scientists. The repercussions of this rapid environmental shift are evidenced by the increasing frequency of natural disasters, the migration of species, and the alteration of global weather patterns. (p. 45)

The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is primarily used in the humanities, especially in writings on literature and language.

It aids in providing a uniform structure to papers and essays, making them more accessible and credible to readers.

How to Format Block Quotes in MLA

• Begin the block quote on a new line without quotation marks.
• Indent the entire block quote one inch (or ten spaces) from the left margin.
• Maintain double-spacing.
• Place the citation, without a period, after the last sentence of the block quote. The regular text can then resume after this citation.

Example of a Block Quote in MLA

In her novel, Morrison paints a poignant picture of her characters’ struggles: Life was no longer something to endure but to live. Every aspect of the environment, from the vast skies to the intricate patterns on a butterfly’s wings, became a source of fascination and joy. (287)

Chicago Style

Chicago Manual of Style, or simply Chicago style, is widely used in history, business, and fine arts.

It offers comprehensive guidelines for publishing, making it invaluable for authors, researchers, and editors.

How to Format Block Quotes in Chicago Style

• Start the block quote on a new line, indented 0.5 inches from the left margin.
• Single-space the block quote, but leave a line space before and after.
• No quotation marks are used.
• Citations can be placed either as footnotes or endnotes, depending on the preference or instruction for the paper.

Example of a Block Quote in Chicago Style

As Davidson postulates in his study: The Renaissance period, while recognised for its artistic and intellectual achievements, also witnessed significant advancements in scientific reasoning. This dual evolution of art and science made it one of the most dynamic periods in human history.^1 ^1 Davidson, Richard. The Dual Face of the Renaissance. Chicago University Press, 2019, p. 132.

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Common Mistakes to Avoid in Getting Block Quotes

Using block quotes can elevate your writing, offering solid evidence for your claims and enhancing the depth of your content. However, mistakes in their usage can detract from the content, causing confusion or even casting doubts on the credibility of your work. One aspect of information literacy is knowing when and how to use block quotes effectively. Let’s delve into some common pitfalls and how to sidestep them.

Not Introducing or Contextualising the Block Quote

• Mistake: Dropping a block quote into your writing without any introduction can be jarring for readers. It can leave them puzzled about the quote’s relevance or significance.
• Solution: Always introduce a block quote. This could be as simple as stating the author’s name and credentials or offering a summary of the quote’s significance. Contextualising helps the reader understand why the quote is there and how it supports your argument or narrative. 

Wrong: Climate change is a significant concern. Climate change has accelerated at a pace… Right: According to environmental scientist Dr Jane Smith, Climate change has accelerated at a pace…

Quoting too Much or too Little

• Mistake: Using excessively long block quotes can lose the reader’s interest or make it seem like you’re filling space. On the other hand, quoting too little might strip the context of the full meaning from the source.
• Solution: Be judicious in selecting what to quote. Ensure the quote is long enough to capture the essence of the point but concise enough to keep the reader’s interest.

Wrong: Quoting an entire page when only a few lines are relevant. Right: Select key sentences or paragraphs that directly relate to your point.

Failing To Cite The Source Correctly

• Mistake: Incorrect citations or, worse, omitting them altogether can lead to accusations of plagiarism. This can undermine your credibility and even lead to academic or professional penalties.
• Solution: Always ensure you cite the source of your block quote as prescribed by the style guide you’re following. If unsure, double-check the rules or use citation tools available online.

Wrong: Climate change has accelerated at a pace… Right : Climate change has accelerated at a pace… (Smith, 2020, p. 45)

Tips For Effectively Using Block Quotes

Block quotes are invaluable tools in writing, but like any tool, they need to be wielded skillfully. Let’s explore some strategies to use block quotes effectively, ensuring that they augment rather than disrupt your narrative flow.

Choosing Significant and Relevant Passages

The essence of a block quote is its ability to emphasise a particular point. Including irrelevant or weak passages can diminish the power of your argument or narrative.

Tip: Before opting for a block quote, ask yourself:

• Does this passage strongly support my point?
• Is there a unique phrasing or perspective that is essential for readers to understand?

Example: Rather than quoting a generic statement like, “Pollution is bad for the environment,” opt for a more impactful passage, such as, “Unchecked pollution can lead to irreversible ecosystem damage, with consequences that reverberate for centuries.”

Integrating Block Quotes Smoothly into your Own Text

A block quote should not feel “dropped in” but should instead be a seamless part of your writing.

Tip: Use transitional phrases or introductions that lead the reader into the quote. This provides context and highlights the relevance of the quoted passage.

Example: Instead of abruptly placing a block quote, use an introduction like, “As renowned environmentalist Dr Jane Smith explains:” followed by the block quote.

Paraphrasing Vs. Quoting: When to Choose Which

While block quotes can be powerful, they aren’t always the best choice. Sometimes, paraphrasing can convey the same information more succinctly.

Tip: Opt for a block quote when:

• The original phrasing is impactful and carries weight.
• The author’s credentials lend authority to the statement.
• The specific wording is central to your argument or analysis.

Paraphrase when:

• The idea is essential, but the exact wording isn’t.
• You want to condense a lengthy passage without losing its core meaning.
• The source’s language is overly technical or dense, and a simplified version would be more accessible to your audience .

Example: Original: “The phenomenon of bioluminescence, observed predominantly in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, arises from chemical reactions that emit light.” Block Quote (if discussing the science behind the phenomenon): Use as is. Paraphrase (for a general audience): “Bioluminescence, mostly seen in sea animals, is a natural light produced by chemical reactions.”

Block Quote Examples

Block quotes can manifest differently depending on the medium in which they are used. The following examples showcase how block quotes can be effectively implemented in various types of writing.

Example of a Block Quotes for an Essay

Topic: The Influence of Shakespeare on Modern Literature

The influence of William Shakespeare on modern literature is indisputable. As Harold Bloom, a renowned critic, asserts in his book The Invention of the Human:

Shakespeare’s characters remain unmatched in all of western literature, displaying a human depth that has yet to be surpassed. Their intricate personalities and complex motivations not only reflect the essence of humanity but also shape our understanding of the human psyche.

Building upon Bloom’s insight, it’s evident that characters like Hamlet and Lady Macbeth have become archetypes in literature, continually being referenced and reinterpreted in modern works.

Example of a Block Quote in a Research Paper

Topic: The Impact of Deforestation on Climate Change

One of the leading causes of climate change is the rampant deforestation occurring worldwide. A study published in the Journal of Climate Studies in 2021 elaborates on this point:

Deforestation has been found to contribute significantly to global warming. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas, thus reducing its levels in the atmosphere. Large-scale logging and clearing of forests, especially in tropical regions, release vast amounts of stored carbon, exacerbating the greenhouse effect and speeding up climate change.

Given this data, it’s crucial for policymakers to prioritise reforestation and sustainable logging practices to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.

Example of a Block Quote in a Blog Post

Topic: The Benefits of Meditation

Meditation has become a popular practice, boasting a myriad of health benefits. I recently stumbled upon a piece by Dr Jane Goodall in Mindfulness Today, where she beautifully describes her personal experience with meditation:

Every morning, as the sun rises, I take a moment to sit in stillness and silence. This daily ritual has transformed my life. It’s like a reset button, offering clarity, grounding, and a deep connection to the world around me. It’s more than just relaxation; it’s a profound journey inward.

I couldn’t have put it better. Meditation, as Dr. Goodall explains, is more than a mere practice—it’s a transformative experience that connects us to our innermost selves.

Frequently Asked Questions

How to make block quotes in word.

• Highlight the desired text.
• Right-click and select ‘Paragraph.’
• Under ‘Indentation,’ choose ‘Left’ and set it to 0.5 inches.
• Ensure line spacing is ‘Double’ (for many academic formats).
• Click ‘OK’ to apply the changes.

How to add block quote in Google Docs?

• Highlight the text you want to block quote.
• Click on ‘Format’ in the top menu.
• Hover over ‘Paragraph styles,’ then ‘Normal Text.’
• Click on ‘Apply ‘Block quote.”
• Adjust indentation or font if necessary.

What is blockquote in HTML for quotations?

In HTML, the <blockquote> element represents a block-level quotation from another source. It’s typically displayed as an indented block of text to differentiate it from surrounding content. To cite the quotation’s source, you can use the cite attribute. For inline quotations, HTML provides the <q> element instead. Always pair with proper attribution.

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How to Start an Essay With a Quote

Last Updated: September 7, 2022 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 448,167 times.

Writing an effective introduction can be one of the most intimidating aspects of writing an essay. While there are many different approaches to writing introductory paragraphs, you may want to consider beginning your essay with a quotation. Finding the right quotation and using it well within the framework of your own words can ensure that your essay is off to a great start.

Finding the Perfect Quotation

• Quote a person saying something that someone would not expect them to say.
• Quote someone who is not universally famous.
• Use a well-known quote but contradict it.

• Determine whether the audience will be familiar with the person who you are quoting. If it is someone obscure or you think they will not be familiar, consider providing additional (brief) details.
• Do not use a quote that could be offensive to the audience unless you plan to contradict the quotation.
• Strike a balance between assuming your audience knows everything and assuming they know nothing. You should be clear and informative but not insulting to the intelligence of your reader.

Quoting Correctly

• Use the quote as a sentence predicate. The subject of the sentence will be the person who said the quote, and the verb will most likely be a synonym of “said.” For example, "Jane Smith said, 'blah blah blah.'"
• Preview the content of the quote. Use your own (grammatically correct) sentence to preview or paraphrase what the quote will say, then insert a colon or comma, then the (grammatically correct) sentence-length quotation. For example: "Once Jane Smith said something completely awesome: 'the awesome thing she said.'"
• Begin with the quote. If you begin with the quote, be sure to place a comma after the quote and then provide a verb and attribute the quotation to the source. For example: "'Blah blah blah,' said Jane Smith."

• The quote only needs to be capitalized if it begins the sentence or if the first word of the quote is a proper noun, like the name of a person or a place.
• In American usage, end punctuation should be placed inside the quotation marks. For example, “this is the quote.”
• Paraphrased material (someone else’s idea put into your own words) need not have quotation marks around it, but should be attributed to the original speaker.
• If you introduce the quote with the speaker’s name and a verb, provide a comma before the beginning of the quotation. For example: "Jane Smith said, 'blah blah blah.'"

• Be particularly aware of quotations found on social media such as Pinterest, or on quote aggregators such as Brainyquote. These sources are notorious for mis-attributing and even making up famous quotes.

• You may also need to substitute a word (like a name rather than a pronoun) for clarity. If you need to substitute a word, place square brackets around the word to indicate that you made a change. For example: "Jane Smith said, 'blah [blady] blah.'"
• Be sure to keep the original intent of the quotation when making changes. Changes should be made only to preserve clarity or to change length, not to manipulate the content of the quotation.

Incorporating the Quotation into Your Introduction

• In your introduction, you need to be clear about what you're going to talk about and how you're going to talk about it.

• Be sure that the quotation you use supports your thesis.
• Be sure that using the quotation enhances, rather than distracting from, your argument. [12] X Research source

Community Q&A

• Find a quote that is meaningful to you, not just one you found in a list on the internet. If the context and wording of the quote speak to you, you’re more likely to connect it to your essay effectively. Thanks Helpful 4 Not Helpful 0

• Some college professors never want to see a quotation begin an essay. Because the method is often overused, there is some bias against it. You can overcome this by doing it very well. Thanks Helpful 4 Not Helpful 1

You Might Also Like

• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/cliches/
• ↑ https://www.esu.edu/writing-studio/guides/hook.cfm
• ↑ https://www.ccis.edu/student-life/advising-tutoring/writing-math-tutoring/introduce-quotations
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/quotation_marks/index.html
• ↑ https://www.ursinus.edu/live/files/1160-integrating-quotespdf
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/quotations/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/quotations/
• ↑ http://www.otago.ac.nz/classics/otago055219.pdf

About This Article

To start an essay with a quote, introduce the quote by including the name of the author, such as, “John Keats once said…” When you include the quote, put quotation marks around it and make sure to put any punctuation inside the quotation marks. If the quote is long, you can use only part of it or remove sections as long as you insert an ellipses. Once you’ve introduced the quote and the author, provide some context for the quotation and how it ties into the thesis of your essay. For tips from our English reviewer on how to find the perfect quotation to start your essay, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Start an Essay With a Quote With Examples

22 December 2023

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Students must prepare outstanding essays to meet their academic expectations. Basically, the way that learners introduce their work plays a crucial role in determining the grades they achieve. In this case, direct quotes provide an appropriate way that learners can present their work. Then, successful essayists must rely on proper guidelines when using quotes in their work. Also, this guide on how to start an essay with a quote provides practical steps that one must follow. In turn, students should avoid using clichés by obtaining unique quotes from credible scholarly sources. Besides, authors should provide the context for quotes, which helps readers to understand their importance in academic essays. Further on, successful scholars focus on ensuring that direct quotes relate to a thesis statement. Moreover, essayists should provide correct in-text citations, following the MLA 8, APA 7, Harvard, or Chicago/Turabian referencing formats. Finally, students should follow the necessary guidelines when using block quotes to avoid unnecessary plagiarism cases.

General Guidelines for Starting an Essay With a Quote

Academic essays are practical tools that learners use to communicate specific ideas. Basically, the essay’s introduction determines if the targeted audience reads through the entire work. For example, there are different methods that writers can use to begin an essay to impress targeted readers. In this case, using a quote is one of the ways that scholars apply when beginning their essays. Such quotes, attention grabbers, capture the reader’s mind. Also, one may use quotes made by famous leaders, politicians, academicians, or individuals they know. In turn, one must introduce all forms of quotes effectively to enhance clarity in a research paper .

Types of Quotes

One can use various types of quotes to begin an essay. Basically, the most common examples of quotations include paraphrase, summary, or direct quotes. Firstly, paraphrases refer to reworded statements that bear the same meaning as original phrases. In this case, writers ensure that facts remain intact. Secondly, a summary gives a brief account of the main points in the initial quote. Thirdly, a direct quote contains all the spoken words. In turn, students copy and paste direct quotes without altering any expression. Hence, authors must use these three forms effectively to avoid interfering with the original citation’s actual meaning.

Using a Quote as a Hook

Quotations, at the beginning of an essay, act as a hook. For instance, outstanding writers use appropriate quotes and phrases to capture the reader’s attention. Basically, the approach prevents readers from getting bored when reading through academic essays. In practice, a hook refers to one or two sentences in an article that helps readers decide if they will understand the content. Moreover, a prudent author must make an appropriate decision when selecting necessary phrases to include in the introduction by considering the rules on how to start an essay with a quote. In turn, quotes must lure the audience into reading the entire work. Hence, quotes used to start an essay must act as a hook by capturing the reader’s attention.

Starting an Essay With a Perfect Quote

1. qualities of a suitable quote.

Quotations record the exact language used by a different person in writing or speech. For example, writers should make wise decisions when selecting correct quotes for their essays. Basically, appropriate quotes enhance the essay’s meaning. In this case, students must select a quote that relates to the central theme and the chosen topic. Also, making the right selection prevents a possible distraction when reading an essay. Hence, one should select a quote related to the chosen subject to avoid potential distractions when reading written papers.

A. Memorable Quotes

Memorable quotes are suitable for use in academic papers. For example, authors should find short and unforgettable quotes that relate to the topic in question. In this case, the strategy attracts the reader’s attention and interest. Besides, the audience can recall a specific quote when reading the content. In turn, the approach ensures that readers relate the content to the opening quote. Therefore, one should choose a memorable quote to capture the reader’s attention.

B. Clear and Short Quotes

Clear and short quotes play a crucial role in promoting the essay’s quality. For instance, the writer should select comprehensible quotes. The choice prevents possible interference with the intended meaning of details provided to support arguments. In practice, short quotes play a crucial role in enhancing the quote’s clarity. Readers can grasp the meaning of short quotes with a lot of ease. Long quotes may distract the intended conception of basic ideas. Therefore, readers should identify concise and comprehensible quotes that relate to the topic directly.

C. Credible Quotes

Credible quotes help prudent writers to start their essays. For instance, students should obtain quotes from reliable sources . Basically, one should provide definitive evidence concerning quotes used in starting an essay. In practice, one should identify a particular person who spoke quoted words to avoid plagiarism. Also, the most appropriate strategy is to obtain a quote from an acceptable academic source. Then, an outstanding writer should quote experts, artistic and historical figures, and prominent political leaders. In turn, the approach elevates the content’s quality since notable individuals provide reliable details in their speeches. Moreover, credible quotes enhance the essay’s authority on a particular topic. Therefore, outstanding essays begin with accurate quotes.

2. The Essay’s Context

The essay’s context determines quotes that students choose when starting an essay. Basically, prudent writers do not rely on quotes to tell their stories. Instead, they provide a context that allows readers to understand used quotations. For example, one should provide a setting that reveals the basic scene for when, where, and under what circumstances an excerpt appears. Moreover, writers should explain when a prominent person spoke quoted words and their intended meaning. Hence, scholars should provide the context for quotes used at the beginning of an essay.

3. Incorporating Quotes

Writers should take the necessary caution when starting an essay with a quote to avoid misguiding the targeted audience. Basically, students should identify a person who spoke quoted words. For example, this approach helps readers to determine where a quotation begins. In this case, prudent writers avoid ordinary quote attributions like “he or she said” to enhance their work quality. Instead, one should use alternative verbs to introduce a specific quote in the introduction. Hence, some of the verbs that students should use are:

Scholars should use different verbs to show a high ingenuity level in presenting quotes. For instance, one should apply specific verbs accordingly to avoid monotony when reading academic essays. In this case, the practical choice of introducing verbs makes one’s work outstanding. Hence, learners should select appropriate verbs to submit selected quotes.

A. Significance of Quotes

Students should explain the significance of used quotations. Basically, after inserting quotes, writers should explain their context and attribution. In this case, readers require an adequate assessment of the quote’s importance in a paper. Then, this approach helps readers to understand the significance of quotes in strengthening essays. Besides, a satisfactory explanation enhances the clarity and comprehensibility of the content presented. In turn, it shows the writer’s ingenuity in presenting facts that provides an adequate account of the topic. Therefore, one should give a clear description of the quotation’s significance.

B. Connecting Quotes

Authors should not leave quotes as independent sentences. For instance, one should avoid leaving quotes as stand-alone sentences, even after providing the context. For example, a stand-alone quote disrupts the flow of ideas in an academic paper. In practice, one should incorporate in-text citations in a way that enhances the fluency of ideas. Basically, the process ensures that readers can understand how various concepts connect throughout an essay structure . Hence, writers should not leave quotes as independent clauses in the essay’s body to avoid possible interruptions.

Avoiding a Cliché When Starting an Essay With a Quote

Prudent students avoid using clichés when including quotes in their essays. Basically, a cliché refers to a famous quotation similarly used by many individuals. For example, popular phrases tend to bore and distract readers. In most cases, readers come across popular phrases in various essays and articles. Moreover, clichés make such readers feel that authors do not carry out adequate research before writing. In turn, using popular phrases as opening statements may motivate readers to consider essays as substandard texts. Hence, a writer must avoid using clichés as opening statements in written pieces.

Outstanding essays begin with a phrase that hooks readers. Basically, opening statements should grab the reader’s attention and satisfy their interest. In this case, students should ensure that opening quotes follow a format that creates a desire to read essays. For example, quotes must involve a question, a surprise, or an exciting concept. Then, one should not assume that the entire work is a reliable essay. Instead, writers should identify a quote that gets readers to the main point of the article with a good attention grabber. Besides, the strategy ensures that the intended audience goes through the entire essay. Hence, an outstanding writer uses a phrase that hooks the reader’s attention.

2. Uniqueness

Exceptional essays contain unique opening statements. For instance, students must identify a unique phrase to introduce their subjects. Basically, adequate research enables authors to identify outstanding quotes that relate to their essay topics . Moreover, scholars must find credible sources and essays related to essay topics before choosing appropriate quotes. In turn, useful research enables one to determine if a selected passage is unique or a cliché. Besides, one may rely on peers to choose an appropriate quote for starting an essay. Hence, adequate research helps one to identify an exceptional quote to introduce a written piece.

3. Using Different Types of Quotes

Writers should use different types of quotes to make introductions appear exceptional. For instance, one may use a question, descriptive words, or a statement that enhances curiosity. Basically, a question motivates readers to think about the topic and read the entire essay. Then, descriptive words create an image in the reader’s mind that connects to the whole purpose of writing. Besides, writers should use quotes that make readers curious to know the whole story. In turn, these three forms of quotes make an essay look outstanding to readers. Hence, one must consider using different types of quotes when introducing pieces.

4. Considering Readers

Prudent writers consider their target audience when selecting necessary quotes. For instance, one must ensure that the audience understands quotes used in introducing an essay. Basically, students should examine the intended audience and understand their interests. In this case, a good example is when scholars decide to write an essay with a quote on real democracy in the United States. Then, writers should use a quote from a famous politician in the United States. Besides, such citations must relate to democracy. In turn, using a quote from a religious leader, a poet, or an ordinary citizen may not suit the targeted audience because readers may have a specific political interest. Hence, authors must consider the audience’s needs when selecting an appropriate quote for starting an essay.  

Making a Quote Relevant When Starting an Essay

Quotes used in a paper must relate to the essay’s topic. Basically, prudent writers rely on effective planning strategies to ensure that they obtain necessary quotes for their articles. In this case, adequate background research enables essayists to identify the most effective quotes to enhance the quality of their work. Moreover, the approach allows writers to compare various quotes and identify the one that supports their essays effectively. Hence, one must rely on adequate preparation to ensure that quotes relate to compositions.

Peer Review

Peer review is a crucial process in ensuring that quotes relate to the essay’s topic. For example, essayists should consider giving their colleagues their pieces to read and give critiques. Basically, the process helps them to identify common flaws in written articles. Then, one of the mistakes that peers can help determine is the absence of a relevant quote in an essay. In turn, authors should ensure that readers understand the meaning and importance of quotes in their work. Hence, peer review is an essential process in ensuring that quotes relate to the content presented.

MLA 8, APA 7, Harvard, and Chicago/Turabian: Formatting a Quote Correctly in Starting an Essay

Learning institutions require students to follow specific guidelines when preparing their essays. Basically, the most common forms include MLA 8, APA 7, Harvard, and Chicago/Turabian styles. In turn, these formatting styles rely on different quoting rules. In this case, students must provide accurate in-text citations for each quote used in an essay. Hence, possible guidelines that one should follow when quoting are:

1. Formatting a Quote in MLA 8

Essayists should provide adequate details when starting an essay with a quote. As a rule, the MLA referencing style requires giving the author’s name and the page containing the quote. Sometimes, writers may obtain a quote from a website. In such cases, in-text citations should include paragraph numbers. Moreover, one should use a space to separate the author and the page or paragraph number in quotations. Hence, citation schemes that one should use for quotes in MLA 8 are:

• MLA 8 parenthetical citation – One should use “(Author Page)” for quotes obtained from scholarly sources and “(Author Paragraph No.)” for phrases obtained from a website. In this case, the phrase “par.,” followed by a period, should precede the actual number of the paragraph containing the quote.
• Actual parenthetical citation example for a quote in MLA 8 – President Kennedy argued that “in a time of domestic crisis, men of goodwill and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics” (Iodice 3).
• Narrative citations in MLA 8 – Students should use the phrase “According to…,” to introduce a quote. In this case, page or paragraph numbers should appear in brackets at the end of the sentence containing the citation.
• An actual example of a narrative citation for a direct quote in MLA 8 – According to Iodice, President Kennedy stated that “we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect the rights of all who wish to be free” (3).  

2. Formatting a Quote in APA 7

Students should identify the source’s author, publication date of the source containing the quote, and its page or paragraph number from where it is copied and pasted. Basically, the APA referencing style requires essayists to obtain quotes from credible sources. In this case, writers must identify academic sources providing quotes. Also, an actual in-text citation should contain the author’s name, publication year, and page or paragraph number. In turn, one should separate these three details with a comma. Hence, guidelines that a scholar should follow when formatting quotes in APA 7 are:

• APA 7 parenthetical citations scheme – In-text citations should appear as (Author, Year, p. or para. No).
• Actual example of a quote cited in APA 7 – President Kennedy stated that “we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect all who wish to be free” to show the primary objective of the federal leadership (Iodice, 2017, p. 3).
• APA 7 narrative citations – Students should use the phrase “According to…,” to introduce a quote.
• An actual example of a narrative citation for a quote in APA 7 – According to Iodice (2017), President Kennedy stated that “we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect the rights of all who wish to be free” (p. 3).  

3. Formatting a Quote in Harvard

Essayists should avoid all forms of plagiarism when providing quotes in Harvard. As a rule, in-text citations should identify the author and publication date. In this case, authors should give the page number containing the quote. Hence, examples that one should follow when formatting quotes in Harvard style are:

• Harvard parenthetical citations scheme – In-text citations should appear as (Author Year, page or paragraph number).
• Actual example for a quote in Harvard – President Kennedy specified that “we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect all who wish to be free” to show the primary objective of the federal leadership (Iodice 2017, p. 3).
• Harvard narrative citations for a quote – Essayists should use the phrase “According to…,” to introduce a quote.
• An actual example of a narrative citation for a quote in Harvard – According to Iodice (2017), President Kennedy stated that “we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect the rights of all who wish to be free” (p. 3).  

4. Formatting a Quote in Chicago/Turabian

Writers should provide in-text citations as footnotes. In this case, each quote should have a footnote callout. Besides, one should give the page number containing the quote. Hence, an example of an in-text citation for a quote in Chicago/Turabian is:

• A quote that has a footnote callout in Chicago/Turabian – President Kennedy stated that “we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect the rights of all who wish to be free.” 1
• A footnote example for a quote in Chicago/Turabian, which corresponds to this callout – 1. Emilio Iodice, “The Courage to Lead: The Leadership Legacies of American Presidents John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Theodore Roosevelt,” Journal of Values-Based Leadership 10, no. 1 (January 2017), 3. https://doi.org/10.22543/0733.101.1176.

Using “They Say, I Say” Format When Starting an Essay With a Quote

Academic writing requires presenting sources and ideas effectively to readers. For example, “they say, I say” forms allow one to enter into a conversation about ideas between the content, reader, and sources. Also, this style reflects the writer’s level of critical thinking. In turn, the set-up helps essayists to organize ideas in relationship to the main theme. Hence, some templates for starting an essay with a quote that one can use are:

• President Kennedy stated that “…” . On the other hand, President Roosevelt believed that “…” .
• Author X contradicts himself in stating that. At the same time, he argues that “…” . In turn, he also implies that “…” .
• I agree that “…” .
• She argues that … , and I agree with her statement because “…” .
• I have always believed that “…” .
• As the prominent philosopher X puts it, “…” .

Using Block Quotes When Starting an Essay

Writers may decide to use block quotes for starting their essays. Basically, specific referencing styles have different rules for including block quotes. Hence, citation guidelines that essayists can use to format their quotes are:

1. Citing Block Quotes in MLA 8:

One should place a quotation, which is more than four lines, as a free-standing block. As a rule, students should omit curved quotation marks in MLA 8. In this case, quotes should start at 0.5 inches from the left margin. Moreover, parenthetical citations should appear at the end of the quote, after the closing punctuation marks.

2. Citing Block Quotes in APA 7

Block quotes in APA 7th edition contain more than forty words. Basically, writers should omit double quotation marks and indent quotes at 0.5 inches from the left margin. In turn, parenthetical citations, which contain page numbers, should follow closing punctuation marks.

3. Citing Block Quotes in Harvard

Long quotes in Harvard referencing should contain between forty and fifty words. In this case, block quotes should begin on a separate line after a colon. Besides, one should indent essays at 0.5 inches from the left margin. Finally, parenthetical citations should follow closing punctuation marks in block quotes.

4. Citing Block Quotes in Chicago/Turabian

Blockquotes in Chicago/Turabian contain five or more lines. As a rule, one should indent quotations at 0.5 inches from the left margin. Basically, scholars should offset block quotations by using different or smaller fonts used in the rest body sections. In turn, a sentence preceding a long quote should identify the source and the author. Besides, it should end with a colon. As a result, writers should include the page containing the citation, inside rounded brackets.

Connecting a Particular Quote to a Thesis Statement

Quotes play an instrumental role in enhancing the credibility and validity of arguments presented in essays. In this case, suitable quotes show that arguments depend on facts. Besides, quotes make academic essay writing appear more professional and thoughtful. However, students make the following mistakes that lower their essay’s quality:

• Writers drop their quotes without considering their significance in supporting written pieces. In this case, successful authors should avoid this mistake by selecting quotes that relate to the essay’s topic.
• Scholars fail to support quotes by using their words. In turn, outstanding writers should avoid this mistake by introducing citations with their words. As a result, the strategy helps to link a particular quote to other details provided in an essay.
• Authors fail to show the connection between their quotes and a thesis statement . Basically, a copied and pasted quote must be related to a thesis statement. In turn, prudent essayists ensure that their quotes support central arguments in academic essays. 

Summing Up on How to Start an Essay With a Quote

Learning institutions require scholars to write essays to meet the necessary academic requirements. Basically, the way in which learners introduce their work plays a crucial role in determining the grades they achieve. In this case, direct quotes provide an appropriate way that authors can present in their works. However, an essayist must rely on proper guidelines on how to start an essay with a quote. Hence, some tips that one must remember when using quotes are:

• avoid using clichés for quotations;
• use unique and credible quotes;
• provide the context for the quote;
• ensure that a quote relates to a thesis statement;
• include correct in-text citations, following the rules of MLA 8, APA 7, Harvard, or Chicago/Turabian formats where applicable;
• follow the necessary guidelines when using block quotes.

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In-Text Citations: The Basics

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Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Note:  On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998)  found  or Jones (1998)  has found ...). Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998)  finds ).

APA Citation Basics

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but  NOT  directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation. Use the abbreviation “p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). Use an en dash for page ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This information is reiterated below.

Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining

• Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
• If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source:  Permanence and Change . Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs:  Writing New Media ,  There Is Nothing Left to Lose .

( Note:  in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized:  Writing new media .)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word:  Natural-Born Cyborgs .
• Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's  Vertigo ."
• If the title of the work is italicized in your reference list, italicize it and use title case capitalization in the text:  The Closing of the American Mind ;  The Wizard of Oz ;  Friends .
• If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title case capitalization (even though the reference list uses sentence case): "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry."

Short quotations

If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single page and “pp.” for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated by an en dash).

You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.

If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the sentence, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.

Long quotations

Place direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a free-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but do not add an extra blank line before or after it. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.

Because block quotation formatting is difficult for us to replicate in the OWL's content management system, we have simply provided a screenshot of a generic example below.

Formatting example for block quotations in APA 7 style.

Quotations from sources without pages

Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works (like religious texts) can also incorporate special location identifiers like verse numbers. In short: pick a substitute for page numbers that makes sense for your source.

Summary or paraphrase

If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will help the reader find the information in a longer work. 

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