computer science research papers pdf free download

computer science Recently Published Documents

Total documents.

• Latest Documents
• Most Cited Documents
• Contributed Authors
• Related Sources
• Related Keywords

Hiring CS Graduates: What We Learned from Employers

Computer science ( CS ) majors are in high demand and account for a large part of national computer and information technology job market applicants. Employment in this sector is projected to grow 12% between 2018 and 2028, which is faster than the average of all other occupations. Published data are available on traditional non-computer science-specific hiring processes. However, the hiring process for CS majors may be different. It is critical to have up-to-date information on questions such as “what positions are in high demand for CS majors?,” “what is a typical hiring process?,” and “what do employers say they look for when hiring CS graduates?” This article discusses the analysis of a survey of 218 recruiters hiring CS graduates in the United States. We used Atlas.ti to analyze qualitative survey data and report the results on what positions are in the highest demand, the hiring process, and the resume review process. Our study revealed that a software developer was the most common job the recruiters were looking to fill. We found that the hiring process steps for CS graduates are generally aligned with traditional hiring steps, with an additional emphasis on technical and coding tests. Recruiters reported that their hiring choices were based on reviewing resume’s experience, GPA, and projects sections. The results provide insights into the hiring process, decision making, resume analysis, and some discrepancies between current undergraduate CS program outcomes and employers’ expectations.

A Systematic Literature Review of Empiricism and Norms of Reporting in Computing Education Research Literature

Context. Computing Education Research (CER) is critical to help the computing education community and policy makers support the increasing population of students who need to learn computing skills for future careers. For a community to systematically advance knowledge about a topic, the members must be able to understand published work thoroughly enough to perform replications, conduct meta-analyses, and build theories. There is a need to understand whether published research allows the CER community to systematically advance knowledge and build theories. Objectives. The goal of this study is to characterize the reporting of empiricism in Computing Education Research literature by identifying whether publications include content necessary for researchers to perform replications, meta-analyses, and theory building. We answer three research questions related to this goal: (RQ1) What percentage of papers in CER venues have some form of empirical evaluation? (RQ2) Of the papers that have empirical evaluation, what are the characteristics of the empirical evaluation? (RQ3) Of the papers that have empirical evaluation, do they follow norms (both for inclusion and for labeling of information needed for replication, meta-analysis, and, eventually, theory-building) for reporting empirical work? Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review of the 2014 and 2015 proceedings or issues of five CER venues: Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE TS), International Symposium on Computing Education Research (ICER), Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE), ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE), and Computer Science Education (CSE). We developed and applied the CER Empiricism Assessment Rubric to the 427 papers accepted and published at these venues over 2014 and 2015. Two people evaluated each paper using the Base Rubric for characterizing the paper. An individual person applied the other rubrics to characterize the norms of reporting, as appropriate for the paper type. Any discrepancies or questions were discussed between multiple reviewers to resolve. Results. We found that over 80% of papers accepted across all five venues had some form of empirical evaluation. Quantitative evaluation methods were the most frequently reported. Papers most frequently reported results on interventions around pedagogical techniques, curriculum, community, or tools. There was a split in papers that had some type of comparison between an intervention and some other dataset or baseline. Most papers reported related work, following the expectations for doing so in the SIGCSE and CER community. However, many papers were lacking properly reported research objectives, goals, research questions, or hypotheses; description of participants; study design; data collection; and threats to validity. These results align with prior surveys of the CER literature. Conclusions. CER authors are contributing empirical results to the literature; however, not all norms for reporting are met. We encourage authors to provide clear, labeled details about their work so readers can use the study methodologies and results for replications and meta-analyses. As our community grows, our reporting of CER should mature to help establish computing education theory to support the next generation of computing learners.

Light Diacritic Restoration to Disambiguate Homographs in Modern Arabic Texts

Diacritic restoration (also known as diacritization or vowelization) is the process of inserting the correct diacritical markings into a text. Modern Arabic is typically written without diacritics, e.g., newspapers. This lack of diacritical markings often causes ambiguity, and though natives are adept at resolving, there are times they may fail. Diacritic restoration is a classical problem in computer science. Still, as most of the works tackle the full (heavy) diacritization of text, we, however, are interested in diacritizing the text using a fewer number of diacritics. Studies have shown that a fully diacritized text is visually displeasing and slows down the reading. This article proposes a system to diacritize homographs using the least number of diacritics, thus the name “light.” There is a large class of words that fall under the homograph category, and we will be dealing with the class of words that share the spelling but not the meaning. With fewer diacritics, we do not expect any effect on reading speed, while eye strain is reduced. The system contains morphological analyzer and context similarities. The morphological analyzer is used to generate all word candidates for diacritics. Then, through a statistical approach and context similarities, we resolve the homographs. Experimentally, the system shows very promising results, and our best accuracy is 85.6%.

A genre-based analysis of questions and comments in Q&A sessions after conference paper presentations in computer science

Gender diversity in computer science at a large public r1 research university: reporting on a self-study.

With the number of jobs in computer occupations on the rise, there is a greater need for computer science (CS) graduates than ever. At the same time, most CS departments across the country are only seeing 25–30% of women students in their classes, meaning that we are failing to draw interest from a large portion of the population. In this work, we explore the gender gap in CS at Rutgers University–New Brunswick, a large public R1 research university, using three data sets that span thousands of students across six academic years. Specifically, we combine these data sets to study the gender gaps in four core CS courses and explore the correlation of several factors with retention and the impact of these factors on changes to the gender gap as students proceed through the CS courses toward completing the CS major. For example, we find that a significant percentage of women students taking the introductory CS1 course for majors do not intend to major in CS, which may be a contributing factor to a large increase in the gender gap immediately after CS1. This finding implies that part of the retention task is attracting these women students to further explore the major. Results from our study include both novel findings and findings that are consistent with known challenges for increasing gender diversity in CS. In both cases, we provide extensive quantitative data in support of the findings.

Designing for Student-Directedness: How K–12 Teachers Utilize Peers to Support Projects

Student-directed projects—projects in which students have individual control over what they create and how to create it—are a promising practice for supporting the development of conceptual understanding and personal interest in K–12 computer science classrooms. In this article, we explore a central (and perhaps counterintuitive) design principle identified by a group of K–12 computer science teachers who support student-directed projects in their classrooms: in order for students to develop their own ideas and determine how to pursue them, students must have opportunities to engage with other students’ work. In this qualitative study, we investigated the instructional practices of 25 K–12 teachers using a series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews to develop understandings of how they used peer work to support student-directed projects in their classrooms. Teachers described supporting their students in navigating three stages of project development: generating ideas, pursuing ideas, and presenting ideas. For each of these three stages, teachers considered multiple factors to encourage engagement with peer work in their classrooms, including the quality and completeness of shared work and the modes of interaction with the work. We discuss how this pedagogical approach offers students new relationships to their own learning, to their peers, and to their teachers and communicates important messages to students about their own competence and agency, potentially contributing to aims within computer science for broadening participation.

Creativity in CS1: A Literature Review

Computer science is a fast-growing field in today’s digitized age, and working in this industry often requires creativity and innovative thought. An issue within computer science education, however, is that large introductory programming courses often involve little opportunity for creative thinking within coursework. The undergraduate introductory programming course (CS1) is notorious for its poor student performance and retention rates across multiple institutions. Integrating opportunities for creative thinking may help combat this issue by adding a personal touch to course content, which could allow beginner CS students to better relate to the abstract world of programming. Research on the role of creativity in computer science education (CSE) is an interesting area with a lot of room for exploration due to the complexity of the phenomenon of creativity as well as the CSE research field being fairly new compared to some other education fields where this topic has been more closely explored. To contribute to this area of research, this article provides a literature review exploring the concept of creativity as relevant to computer science education and CS1 in particular. Based on the review of the literature, we conclude creativity is an essential component to computer science, and the type of creativity that computer science requires is in fact, a teachable skill through the use of various tools and strategies. These strategies include the integration of open-ended assignments, large collaborative projects, learning by teaching, multimedia projects, small creative computational exercises, game development projects, digitally produced art, robotics, digital story-telling, music manipulation, and project-based learning. Research on each of these strategies and their effects on student experiences within CS1 is discussed in this review. Last, six main components of creativity-enhancing activities are identified based on the studies about incorporating creativity into CS1. These components are as follows: Collaboration, Relevance, Autonomy, Ownership, Hands-On Learning, and Visual Feedback. The purpose of this article is to contribute to computer science educators’ understanding of how creativity is best understood in the context of computer science education and explore practical applications of creativity theory in CS1 classrooms. This is an important collection of information for restructuring aspects of future introductory programming courses in creative, innovative ways that benefit student learning.

CATS: Customizable Abstractive Topic-based Summarization

Neural sequence-to-sequence models are the state-of-the-art approach used in abstractive summarization of textual documents, useful for producing condensed versions of source text narratives without being restricted to using only words from the original text. Despite the advances in abstractive summarization, custom generation of summaries (e.g., towards a user’s preference) remains unexplored. In this article, we present CATS, an abstractive neural summarization model that summarizes content in a sequence-to-sequence fashion while also introducing a new mechanism to control the underlying latent topic distribution of the produced summaries. We empirically illustrate the efficacy of our model in producing customized summaries and present findings that facilitate the design of such systems. We use the well-known CNN/DailyMail dataset to evaluate our model. Furthermore, we present a transfer-learning method and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in a low resource setting, i.e., abstractive summarization of meetings minutes, where combining the main available meetings’ transcripts datasets, AMI and International Computer Science Institute(ICSI) , results in merely a few hundred training documents.

Exploring students’ and lecturers’ views on collaboration and cooperation in computer science courses - a qualitative analysis

Factors affecting student educational choices regarding oer material in computer science, export citation format, share document.

University Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Computer Science Research Resources: Find Articles & Papers

• Find Articles & Papers
• High-Impact Journals
• Standards & Technical Reports
• Patents & Government Documents
• E-Books & Reference
• Dissertations & Theses
• Additional Resources

Engineering Easy Search

University library search engines.

• Grainger Engineering Library Homepage With specialized searches for Engineering and the Physical Sciences.
• Easy Search The easiest way to locate University Library resources, materials, and more!
• Find Online Journals Search by title or by subject to view our subscription details, including date ranges and where you can access full text.
• Journal and Article Locator Finds electronic or print copy of articles by using a citation.

Engineering Article Databases

• Engineering Village This link opens in a new window Search for articles, conference paper, and report information in all areas of engineering. Full-text is often available through direct download.
• Scopus This link opens in a new window Search periodicals, conference proceedings, technical reports, trade literature, patents, books, and press releases in all engineering fields. Some full-text available as direct downloads.
• Web of Science (Core Collection) This link opens in a new window Search for articles in science and engineering. Also provides Science Citation Index that tracks citations in science and technical journals published since 1981. Journal Citation Reports are also available through ISI.

Computer Science Article Databases

• ACM Digital Library This link opens in a new window This site provides access to tables of contents, abstracts, reviews, and full text of every article ever published by ACM and bibliograhic citations from major publishers in computing.
• Compendex This link opens in a new window Compendex is the most comprehensive bibliographic database of scientific and technical engineering research available, covering all engineering disciplines. It includes millions of bibliographic citations and abstracts from thousands of engineering journals and conference proceedings. When combined with the Engineering Index Backfile (1884-1969), Compendex covers well over 120 years of core engineering literature.
• IEEE Xplore This link opens in a new window Provides full-text access to IEEE transactions, IEEE and IEE journals, magazines, and conference proceedings published since 1988, and all current IEEE standards; brings additional search and access features to IEEE/IEE digital library users. Browsable by books & e-books, conference publications, education and learning, journals and magazines, standards and by topic. Also provides links to IEEE standards, IEEE spectrum and other sites.

Subject Guide

Ask a Librarian

• Next: High-Impact Journals >>
• Last Updated: Jun 16, 2023 9:35 AM
• URL: https://guides.library.illinois.edu/cs

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

• View all journals

Computer science articles from across Nature Portfolio

Computer science is the study and development of the protocols required for automated processing and manipulation of data. This includes, for example, creating algorithms for efficiently searching large volumes of information or encrypting data so that it can be stored and transmitted securely.

Latest Research and Reviews

Reply to: problems with two recent petri net analyses of neanderthal adhesive technology.

• Sebastian Fajardo
• Paul R. B. Kozowyk
• Geeske H. J. Langejans

Measuring the prediction difficulty of individual cases in a dataset using machine learning

• Hyunjin Kwon
• Matthew Greenberg

Improved random forest classification model combined with C5.0 algorithm for vegetation feature analysis in non-agricultural environments

• Tianyu Wang

Cryo2StructData: A Large Labeled Cryo-EM Density Map Dataset for AI-based Modeling of Protein Structures

• Jianlin Cheng

A road surface reconstruction dataset for autonomous driving

An adaptable and personalized framework for top-N course recommendations in online learning

• Samina Amin
• M. Irfan Uddin
• Hamdan Ahmed Alzahrani

News and Comment

Autonomous interference-avoiding machine-to-machine communications

An article in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications proposes algorithmic solutions to dynamically optimize MIMO waveforms to minimize or eliminate interference in autonomous machine-to-machine communications.

AI now beats humans at basic tasks — new benchmarks are needed, says major report

Stanford University’s 2024 AI Index charts the meteoric rise of artificial-intelligence tools.

• Nicola Jones

Medical artificial intelligence should do no harm

Bias and distrust in medicine have been perpetuated by the misuse of medical equations, algorithms and devices. Artificial intelligence (AI) can exacerbate these problems. However, AI also has potential to detect, mitigate and remedy the harmful effects of bias to build trust and improve healthcare for everyone.

• Melanie E. Moses
• Sonia M. Gipson Rankin

AI hears hidden X factor in zebra finch love songs

Machine learning detects song differences too subtle for humans to hear, and physicists harness the computing power of the strange skyrmion.

• Nick Petrić Howe
• Benjamin Thompson

Three reasons why AI doesn’t model human language

• Johan J. Bolhuis
• Stephen Crain
• Andrea Moro

Generative artificial intelligence in chemical engineering

Generative artificial intelligence will transform the way we design and operate chemical processes, argues Artur M. Schweidtmann.

• Artur M. Schweidtmann

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies

• SpringerLink shop

Computer Science

We publish many prestigious journals in Computer Science, including a number of fully open access journals. Our book and eBook portfolio comprises conference proceedings, book series, textbooks and major reference works from distinguished authors, such as recipients of the Turing Award.

Well-known publications include: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) as well as LNBIP and CCIS proceedings series, International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science (UTiCS) and the best-selling The Algorithm Design Manual. Society partners include the China Computer Federation (CCF) and International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

Subdisciplines

Artificial Intelligence

Communication Networks

Database Management & Information Retrieval

Human Computer Interaction

Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition & Graphics

Information Systems & Applications

Media Design

Security & Cryptology

Software Engineering

Theoretical Computer Science

Find our products

Visit our shop on SpringerLink with more than 300,000 books. Read over ten million scientific documents on SpringerLink.

Join our mailing list

Get access to exclusive content, sales, promotions and events. Be the first to hear about new book releases and journal launches. Learn about our newest services, tools and resources.

Publish with us

Selecting the right publisher is one of the most important decisions an author will make. At Springer, we recognize that our authors are the heart of what we do and we are committed to provide the resources, support and advice you need to help you succeed.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)

The starting page for the Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series and its sister series CCIS, LNBIP, LNICST, and IFIP AICT.

Volume editor information

This page provides  proceedings volume editors with guidelines, templates, and additional information

Author information

This page provides proceedings authors with instructions, templates, permission forms, and additional information.

• About Brown
• Campus Life

Information for:

• Current Students
• Friends & Neighbors
• A to Z Index
• People Directory
• Social@Brown
• About the Department
• Systems & Software
• Socially Responsible    Computing
• Positions / Jobs
• Brown CS News
• Brown CS Blog
• Our Community
• Grad Students
• Ugrad Students
• Research Links
• Publications
• Opportunities For    Visiting Students
• Degree Programs
• Computer Science
• Cybersecurity
• Undergraduate
• Interdisciplinary
• Miscellaneous
• Course List
• TA Program
• Who We Are
• Action Plan & Initiatives
• Student Advocates
• Data And Demographics
• Student Groups
• UTA Endowment
• Home »
• Research »
• Publications »
• Student Project Reports »

Computer Science at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island 02912 USA Phone: 401-863-7600 Map & Directions / Contact Us

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Software Engineering for Computer Science Research

Related Papers

Andre Oboler

In Proceedings of the First International …

In Proceedings of Education Students' Third Regional …

IJESRT Journal

There are two ways for the principle of re-use software and the first way is the indirect method indirect boils down to the use of one or more pieces of software in the production and creation of new programs without resorting to writing full code, while direct reuse a cut and paste the source code or part of a fully set up or the production of new programs, re-use indirect way in the development more than others. In this paper, we will prove that by using these two methods or approaches we will develop software products and greater efficiency of the higher speeds and less time and in addition to that we will give a new definition to the principles of reuse and create a third way. By using this new definition of how to re-use it can will be countries that have weak programming does not have programming experience and wide can be up to experience and master the advanced countries in this field which changes between the second and again.

… International Conference on

Andre Oboler , Simon Lock

Our initial intervention included the introduction of a documentation style for software coding, this was largely about the approach to commenting and the specific type of data that should be captured for a research project. We also introduced the use of a software tool to extract ...

Ibrahim Wada

Maureen Tanner

Change impact analysis is error prone and time consuming when business architecture capabilities, enterprise service models, enterprise data models and UML design models are disconnected across multiple repositories. Software architecture rapid evolution is further complicating the management of this analysis especially since software sizing is not based on techniques like function point measurement. Whilst following the Design Science Approach, this study seeks to analyze, design and implement a software prototype which integrates business architecture capabilities and design models to facilitate change impact analysis. This paper specifically reports on the findings obtained from the first stage of this design science research cycles and proposes an approach to model Business Architecture Capabilities when design specifications and models are spread over more than one repository. It also presents the requirements for a prototype to implement the principles to model Business Architecture Capabilities of disconnected design models which are obtained and confirmed from literature and through observations and interviews of solution design specialists. Therefore this paper proposes by literature, interviews and observations: (1) The need to have a tool and meta-model to model from a Business Architecture Capabilities perspective when design specifications and models are spread over more than one repository, (2), a set of requirements outline this need (3), a high level design pattern for implementing a software toolset that integrates UML design models and enterprise architecture models using a unifying meta-model.

IBRAHIM WADA

Impregnated with responsibilities to satisfy diversified needs of library users, Library professionals and Librarians are being offered helping hands by Information and Communication Technology in this 21st century. With Free Open Source Software (FOS) such as Content Management Systems, MySQL, Apache Servers, to mention but few, Librarians can leapfrog from provision of static contents to dynamically controllable and presentable rich contents on the web. To do just that, Cookbook is needed to save time, fine tune procedures, moderate strategies and offer model for successes in designing, developing and deploying library portal according to varying needs. This book is a research based, innovative and conditioning recipe prepared with the intent to offer procedure and steps for developing library portal in not time.

RELATED PAPERS

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing

Dr. Felix. C . Aguboshim

Journal of Systems and Software

Pierre America

2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER)

Soo Shi Tzuaan , Ashok Sivaji

Annals of Software …

Jacob L Cybulski

C. Del Rosso

Luigi Lavazza , Adriana Martin , Michael Gebhart

Human-Computer Interaction

Lloyd Williams

Rick Kazman

kevin maxell rabana;

Pierre-Yves Schobbens

Luigi Lavazza , Herwig Mannaert , Stephen Clyde

International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning

Maurice Dawson , Latina Davis

Albert Acquah

Arnold Ndukuyu

Marco A Gerosa

Luigi Lavazza , Stephen Clyde , Radek Koci

Technology, Innovation, and Enterprise Transformation

Maurice Dawson , Brian Leonard

Martín Soto

Requirements Engineering

Michael Lang

Andrew Tugume

Diane Strode

Mingming Gao

James A. Landay

Denis Montini , Adilson Cunha

ICT for Sustainability, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability

Mikhail Ola' Adisa , Shola Oyedeji , Annika Wolf

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

The May 2024 issue of IEEE Spectrum is here!

For IEEE Members

Ieee spectrum, follow ieee spectrum, support ieee spectrum, enjoy more free content and benefits by creating an account, saving articles to read later requires an ieee spectrum account, the institute content is only available for members, downloading full pdf issues is exclusive for ieee members, downloading this e-book is exclusive for ieee members, access to spectrum 's digital edition is exclusive for ieee members, following topics is a feature exclusive for ieee members, adding your response to an article requires an ieee spectrum account, create an account to access more content and features on ieee spectrum , including the ability to save articles to read later, download spectrum collections, and participate in conversations with readers and editors. for more exclusive content and features, consider joining ieee ., join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to all of spectrum’s articles, archives, pdf downloads, and other benefits. learn more →, join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to this e-book plus all of ieee spectrum’s articles, archives, pdf downloads, and other benefits. learn more →, access thousands of articles — completely free, create an account and get exclusive content and features: save articles, download collections, and talk to tech insiders — all free for full access and benefits, join ieee as a paying member., on the history and future of 100% renewable energy systems research, get the latest technology news in your inbox, you have succesfully subscribed to the newsletters below:, thank your for your subscription., towards sustainable energy: a systematic review of renewable energy sources, technologies, and public opinions, comparative review of energy storage systems, their roles, and impacts on future power systems, robust virtual inertia control of an islanded microgrid considering high penetration of renewable energy, modeling cable design & power electronics, applications that will help ensure a consistent and long-term electricity supply, explore topics.

The latest developments in aviation, satellites, astrophysics, space flight, and space exploration

The latest developments in machine learning, embedded intelligent systems, and medical AI

The latest developments in biomedical devices, prosthetics, imaging, and diagnostics

The latest developments in renewables, carbon capture, emissions monitoring, geoengineering, and electrifying everything

The latest developments in embedded systems, hardware, software, quantum computers, and IT

The latest developments in gadgets, gaming, smart phones, virtual reality, and audio/video

The latest developments in power generation, batteries, renewables, smart grid, and nuclear energy

A look back at key moments in the history of cyberspace, electronics, and the space age

The latest developments in consumer robots, humanoids, drones, and automation

The latest developments in processors, memory, nanotechnology, optoelectronics, and integrated circuit design and materials

The latest developments in computer vision, lidar, chemical sensors, and remote sensing

The latest developments in wireless networks, Internet standards, 5G, IoT, security, and information theory

The latest developments in electric vehicles, advanced aircraft, and self-driving cars

Reviews, hands-on projects, and the latest on the maker movement from Spectrum's DIY editor Stephen Cass

Profiles and interviews with engineers, tech industry news, and the latest trends on the job market

The latest news about IEEE, its members, tech history, and new offerings

Selected Papers On Computer Science

First Page of the Article

IEEE Account

• Change Username/Password
• Update Address

Purchase Details

• Payment Options
• Order History
• View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

• Communications Preferences
• Profession and Education
• Technical Interests
• US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
• Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
• Contact & Support
• About IEEE Xplore
• Accessibility
• Terms of Use
• Nondiscrimination Policy
• Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. © Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.