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Water resources engineering research.

• Computational Modeling of Groundwater Flow
• Nanoparticle Transport in Porous Media
• Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources
• Efficient Use of Water Resources for Food Security
• Analytical Solutions to Hydraulic Problems
• Numerical Modeling of Bridge Scour
• Hydraulic Instrumentation
• Streambank Erosion
• Complex Physical Models
• Evapotranspiration
• Remote Sensing of Vegetation, Land Use, and Water Consumption
• Spatial Characteristics of Water Resources using Geographic Information Systems
• Hydraulic Engineering Education
• Multi-criteria Decision Making
• Stormwater Quality Modeling

Water Resources Engineering

David Admiraal

George Hunt

Peter McCornick

Sorab Panday

Chittaranjan Ray

Tirthankar Roy

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• Review Article
• Published: 31 January 2023

Global water resources and the role of groundwater in a resilient water future

• Bridget R. Scanlon   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-4199 1 ,
• Sarah Fakhreddine 1 , 2 ,
• Ashraf Rateb 1 ,
• Inge de Graaf   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-868X 3 ,
• Jay Famiglietti 4 ,
• Tom Gleeson 5 ,
• R. Quentin Grafton 6 ,
• Esteban Jobbagy 7 ,
• Seifu Kebede 8 ,
• Seshagiri Rao Kolusu 9 ,
• Leonard F. Konikow 10 ,
• Di Long   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-5039 11 ,
• Mesfin Mekonnen   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3573-9759 12 ,
• Hannes Müller Schmied 13 , 14 ,
• Abhijit Mukherjee 15 ,
• Alan MacDonald   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-1499 16 ,
• Robert C. Reedy 1 ,
• Mohammad Shamsudduha 17 ,
• Craig T. Simmons 18 ,
• Alex Sun 1 ,
• Richard G. Taylor 19 ,
• Karen G. Villholth 20 ,
• Charles J. Vörösmarty 21 &
• Chunmiao Zheng   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5839-1305 22  

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment volume  4 ,  pages 87–101 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

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• Hydrogeology
• Water resources

An Author Correction to this article was published on 29 March 2023

This article has been updated

Water is a critical resource, but ensuring its availability faces challenges from climate extremes and human intervention. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical evolution of water resources, considering surface water and groundwater as a single, interconnected resource. Total water storage trends have varied across regions over the past century. Satellite data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) show declining, stable and rising trends in total water storage over the past two decades in various regions globally. Groundwater monitoring provides longer-term context over the past century, showing rising water storage in northwest India, central Pakistan and the northwest United States, and declining water storage in the US High Plains and Central Valley. Climate variability causes some changes in water storage, but human intervention, particularly irrigation, is a major driver. Water-resource resilience can be increased by diversifying management strategies. These approaches include green solutions, such as forest and wetland preservation, and grey solutions, such as increasing supplies (desalination, wastewater reuse), enhancing storage in surface reservoirs and depleted aquifers, and transporting water. A diverse portfolio of these solutions, in tandem with managing groundwater and surface water as a single resource, can address human and ecosystem needs while building a resilient water system.

Net trends in total water storage data from the GRACE satellite mission range from −310 km 3 to 260 km 3 total over a 19-year record in different regions globally, caused by climate and human intervention.

Groundwater and surface water are strongly linked, with 85% of groundwater withdrawals sourced from surface water capture and reduced evapotranspiration, and the remaining 15% derived from aquifer depletion.

Climate and human interventions caused loss of ~90,000 km 2 of surface water area between 1984 and 2015, while 184,000 km 2 of new surface water area developed elsewhere, primarily through filling reservoirs.

Human intervention affects water resources directly through water use, particularly irrigation, and indirectly through land-use change, such as agricultural expansion and urbanization.

Strategies for increasing water-resource resilience include preserving and restoring forests and wetlands, and conjunctive surface water and groundwater management.

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Change history, 29 march 2023.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00418-9

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Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Bridget R. Scanlon, Sarah Fakhreddine, Ashraf Rateb, Robert C. Reedy & Alex Sun

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Sarah Fakhreddine

Water Systems and Global Change, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Inge de Graaf

Global Institute for Water Security, National Hydrology Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

Jay Famiglietti

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Tom Gleeson

Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

R. Quentin Grafton

Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, IMASL, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina

Esteban Jobbagy

Center for Water Resources Research, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

Seifu Kebede

UK Meteorological Office, Exeter, UK

Seshagiri Rao Kolusu

Leonard Konikow Hydrogeologist, Reston, VA, USA

Leonard F. Konikow

Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

Mesfin Mekonnen

Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany

Hannes Müller Schmied

Senckenberg Leibniz Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

Abhijit Mukherjee

British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Edinburgh, UK

Alan MacDonald

Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK

Mohammad Shamsudduha

National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT), College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Craig T. Simmons

Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK

Richard G. Taylor

Water Cycle Innovation Ltd, Johannesburg, Gauten, South Africa

Karen G. Villholth

Environmental Sciences Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA

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School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China

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B.R.S. conceptualized the review and coordinated input. S.F. reviewed many of the topics and developed some of the figures. A.R. analysed GRACE satellite data and M.S. reviewed this output. Q.G. provided input on water economics. E.J. reviewed impacts of land-use change. S.R.K. provided data on future precipitation changes. L.F.K. provided detailed information on surface water/groundwater interactions. M.M. provided data on water trade. C.J.V. provided input on green and grey solutions. All authors reviewed the paper and provided edits.

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Correspondence to Bridget R. Scanlon .

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Scanlon, B.R., Fakhreddine, S., Rateb, A. et al. Global water resources and the role of groundwater in a resilient water future. Nat Rev Earth Environ 4 , 87–101 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00378-6

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Advances in Water Resources Engineering and Management

Select Proceedings of TRACE 2018

• Conference proceedings
• © 2020
• Rafid AlKhaddar 0 ,
• Ram Karan Singh 1 ,
• Subashisa Dutta 2 ,
• Madhuri Kumari 3

Department of Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

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King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Indian institute of technology guwahati, guwahati, india, department of civil engineering, amity school of engineering and technology, amity university uttar pradesh, noida, india.

• Covers latest research findings in water resource management, irrigation systems, and water pollution and treatment
• Provides solutions to water engineering and hydro environmental engineering problems using latest technologies
• Discusses recent challenges encountered in water management and climate change impacts on water resources

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE, volume 39)

Included in the following conference series:

• TRACE: International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering

Conference proceedings info: TRACE 2018.

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Table of contents (19 papers)

Front matter, performance evaluation of five penman forms of models by means of lysimetric evapotranspiration under water stress environments at new delhi, india.

• Ram Karan Singh, Javed Mallick, P. S. Pawar

A Methodology to Measure Flow Fields at Bridge Piers in the Presence of Large Wood Debris Accumulation Using Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters

• Iacopo Carnacina, Aleksandra Lescova, Stefano Pagliara

Real-Time Reservoir Operation Policy: A Case Study of Tanahu Hydropower Project

• Bhola N. S. Ghimire, Rabindra Nath Shrestha, Upendra Dev Bhatta

Nexus of Water Footprint with Energy and GDP of Saudi Arabia and Solution for Sustainable Water Usage

• Vineet Tirth

Statistical Parameters of Hydrometeorological Variables: Standard Deviation, SNR, Skewness and Kurtosis

• Chetan Sharma, C. S. P. Ojha

A New Approach to Analyze the Water Surface Profile Over the Trench Weir

• Swati Bhave, Sanjeev Kumar

Soil Loss Assessment in Imphal River Watershed, Manipur, North-East India: A Spatio-Temporal Approach

• Loukrakpam Chandramani, Bakimchandra Oinam

Analysis of the Extreme Rainfall Events Over Upper Catchment of Sabarmati River Basin in Western India Using Extreme Precipitation Indices

• Shivam Gupta, Ankit Gupta, Sushil K. Himanshu, Ronald Singh

Rainfall Runoff Modelling of Urban Area Using HEC-HMS: A Case Study of Hyderabad City

• Vinay Ashok Rangari, V. Sridhar, N. V. Umamahesh, Ajey Kumar Patel

Hydrodynamic Simulation of River Ambica for Riverbed Assessment: A Case Study of Navsari Region

• Darshan Jayeshbhai Mehta, Sanjay Madhusudan Yadav

Evaluation of the SWAT Model for Analysing the Water Balance Components for the Upper Sabarmati Basin

• Ankit Gupta, Sushil K. Himanshu, Shivam Gupta, Ronald Singh

Rainfall-Runoff Modelling and Simulation Using Remote Sensing and Hydrological Model for Banas River, Gujarat, India

• Anant Patel

GIS-Based Morphometric Analysis and Prioritization of Upper Ravi Catchment, Himachal Pradesh, India

• D. Khurana, S. S. Rawat, G. Raina, R. Sharma, P. G. Jose

Estimation of Domestic Water Demand and Supply Using System Dynamics Approach

• Bharti Chawre

Sustainable Development and Management of Groundwater in Varanasi, India

• Padam Jee Omar, S. B. Dwivedi, P. K. S. Dikshit

Applications of GIS in Management of Water Resources to Attain Zero Hunger

• Ashita Sharma, Manish Kumar, Nitasha Hasteer

Electrocoagulation as an Eco-Friendly River Water Treatment Method

• Khalid S. Hashim, Rafid AlKhaddar, Andy Shaw, P. Kot, Dhiya Al-Jumeily, Reham Alwash et al.

Wetland Dynamics Using Geo-Spatial Technology

• Nilendu Das, Anurag Ohri, Ashwani Kumar Agnihotri, Padam Jee Omar, Sachin Mishra

Inland Waterway as an Alternative and Sustainable Transport in Kuttanad Region of Kerala, India

• Madhuri Kumari, Sarath Syamaprasad, Sushmit Das
• Hydro-environment
• Hydro-informatics
• Integrated water resource management
• Climate change
• Remote sensing and GIS applications
• remote sensing/photogrammetry

About this book

Editors and affiliations.

Rafid AlKhaddar

Ram Karan Singh

Subashisa Dutta

Madhuri Kumari

About the editors

Dr. Rafid AlKhaddar  has extensive experience in Water and Environmental Engineering, with special expertise in wastewater treatment methods.  He graduated from the University of Basra, Iraq as a civil engineer, and obtained his Masters and PhD in Civil Engineering Hydraulics from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. He is currently Professor and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering at Liverpool John Moores University where he manages 27 staff and over 780 students, who are enrolled in various courses such as HNC, BEng, MEng, MSc and PhD. He has maintained a very strong link with the UK Water and Environmental industry in order to stay involved with any new developments in the aforementioned fields. He was the President of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) in 2015-16. He is also a Fellow of the Institution and an Honorary Vice President of the Institution. He has published over 160 articles in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences. 

Dr. Ram Karan Singh  is Professor of Civil Engineering in King Khalid University, Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia. He has over 28 years of teaching, research and administrative experience in top institutions and universities in India and abroad. He completed his B.E.(Hons.) Civil Engineering, M.E. in Civil Engineering (with specialization in Hydraulics Engineering), and PhD in the area of hydraulics and water resources engineering from  BITS-Pilani, Pilani, India. He was awarded a post-doctoral fellowship by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japanese Government from 2002-2004 to carry out “Diffuse pollution modeling of water environment of Japanese low land watersheds” at the Department of Hydraulics Engineering, NIRE, Tsukuba Science City, Japan. He has published over 150 research papers, four books and also supervised 10 PhD thesis. He is a recipient of several national and international awards and fellow of various professional societies in his area of work.

Dr. Subashisa Dutta  received his Ph.D in Computational Hydraulics from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur. He completed his Master's in Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering and Bachelor's in Civil Engineering from Sambalpur University. Currently, he is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) Guwahati. He has worked at the Scientist Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad prior to joining IIT Guwahati. His major research interests are hill-slope hydrology, distributed hydrological modeling, flood inundation modeling, geo-spatial technology, 2D river flow, sediment transport modeling, river bank protection and stormwater drainage design. He is leading multiple research works by Inland Waterways Authority of India. He is also working on dam break analysis of hydroelectric projects in Assam, India. 

Dr. Madhuri Kumari  received her PhD from The Energy Resource Institute (TERI) for her work on geostatistical modeling for prediction of rainfall in the Indian Himalayas. She completed her Master's in Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering from Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University in 1999, and Bachelor's in Civil Engineering from Andhra University in 1997 and was recipient of Gold Medal. She is working as Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, India. She has a vast industry experience of 11 years and an academic experience of 9 years. Her research works in the area of rainfall modeling have been published in reputed journals. Her research interests include application of geographical information system in solving problems related to water resources engineering.

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Advances in Water Resources Engineering and Management

Book Subtitle : Select Proceedings of TRACE 2018

Editors : Rafid AlKhaddar, Ram Karan Singh, Subashisa Dutta, Madhuri Kumari

Series Title : Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8181-2

Publisher : Springer Singapore

eBook Packages : Engineering , Engineering (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020

Hardcover ISBN : 978-981-13-8180-5 Published: 26 June 2019

Softcover ISBN : 978-981-13-8183-6 Published: 15 August 2020

eBook ISBN : 978-981-13-8181-2 Published: 26 June 2019

Series ISSN : 2366-2557

Series E-ISSN : 2366-2565

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : X, 257

Number of Illustrations : 21 b/w illustrations, 90 illustrations in colour

Topics : Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics , Hydrology/Water Resources , Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry , Climatology

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