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MLA Titles | How to Format & Capitalize Source Titles

Published on April 2, 2019 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on March 5, 2024.

In MLA style , source titles appear either in italics or in quotation marks:

• Italicize the title of a self-contained whole (e.g. a book, film, journal, or website).
• Use  quotation marks around the title if it is part of a larger work (e.g. a chapter of a book, an article in a journal, or a page on a website).

All major words in a title are capitalized . The same format is used in the Works Cited list and in the text itself.

When you use the Scribbr MLA Citation Generator , the correct formatting and capitalization are automatically applied to titles.

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Table of contents

Capitalization in mla titles, punctuation in mla titles, titles within titles, exceptions to mla title formatting, sources with no title, abbreviating titles, titles in foreign languages, frequently asked questions about mla titles.

In all titles and subtitles, capitalize the first and last words, as well as any other principal words.

What to capitalize

What not to capitalize, receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting.

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Use the same punctuation as appears in the source title. However, if there is a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon and a space, even if different (or no) punctuation is used in the source.

Example of a work with a subtitle

The exception is when the title ends in a question mark, exclamation point or dash, in which case you keep the original punctuation:

Sometimes a title contains another title—for example, the title of an article about a novel might contain that novel’s title.

For titles within titles, in general, maintain the same formatting as you would if the title stood on its own.

Titles and names that fall into the following categories are not italicized or enclosed in quotation marks:

• Scripture (e.g. the Bible, the Koran, the Gospel)
• Laws, acts and related documents (e.g. the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution , the Paris Agreement)
• Musical compositions identified by form, number and key (e.g. Beethoven’s Symphony no. 5 in C minor, op. 67)
• Conferences, seminars, workshops and courses (e.g. MLA Annual Convention)

Sections of a work

Words that indicate a particular section of a work are not italicized or placed within quotation marks. They are also not capitalized when mentioned in the text.

Examples of such sections include:

• introduction
• list of works cited
• bibliography

Introductions, prefaces, forewords and afterwords

Descriptive terms such as “introduction”, “preface”, “foreword” and “afterword” are capitalized if mentioned in an MLA in-text citation or in the Works Cited list, but not when mentioned in the text itself.

Example of descriptive term capitalization

In-text citation: (Brontë, Preface )

In text: In her preface to the work, added in a later edition, Brontë debates the morality of creating characters such as those featured in Wuthering Heights .

If there is a unique title for the introduction, preface, foreword or afterword, include that title in quotation marks instead of the generic section name when referencing the source in the Works Cited list or an in-text citation.

For sources with no title, a brief description of the source acts as the title.

Example of a source reference with no title

Follow these rules for capitalization:

• Capitalize the first word
• Capitalize proper nouns
• Ignore other MLA rules for capitalization

There are some exceptions to this general format: descriptions including titles of other works, such as comments on articles or reviews of movies; untitled short messages, like tweets; email messages; and untitled poems.

Exceptions to general format for sources with no title

If you need to mention the name of a work in the text itself, state the full title, but omit the subtitle.

If you need to refer to the work multiple times, you may shorten the title to something familiar or obvious to the reader. For example, Huckleberry Finn for The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . If in doubt, prefer the noun phrase.

If the standalone abbreviation may not be clear, you can introduce it in parentheses, following the standard guidelines for abbreviations. For example, The Merchant of Venice ( MV ) . For Shakespeare and the Bible , there are well-established abbreviations you can use.

When you abbreviate a title, make sure you keep the formatting consistent. Even if the abbreviation consists only of letters, as in the MV example, it must be italicized or placed within quotation marks in the same way as it would be when written in full.

Abbreviating very long titles in the Works Cited list

Titles should normally be given in full in the Works Cited list, but if any of your sources has a particularly long title (often the case with older works), you can use an ellipsis to shorten it here. This is only necessary with extremely long titles such as the example below.

In the Works Cited list, if you are listing a work with a title in a language other than English, you can add the translated title in square brackets.

Example of a reference with a translated title

If you are using the foreign-language title in the text itself, you can also include the translation in parenthesis. For example, O Alquimista ( The Alchemist ) .

You don’t need to include a translation in your reference list or in the text if you expect your readers to be familiar with the original language. For example, you wouldn’t translate the title of a  French novel you were writing about in the context of a French degree.

Non-Latin script languages

For works in a language that does not use the Latin alphabet, such as Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, or Russian, be consistent with how you mention the source titles and also quotations from within them.

For example, if you choose to write a Russian title in the Cyrillic form, do that throughout the document. If you choose to use the Romanized form, stick with that. Do not alternate between the two.

Yes. MLA style uses title case, which means that all principal words (nouns, pronouns , verbs, adjectives , adverbs , and some conjunctions ) are capitalized.

This applies to titles of sources as well as the title of, and subheadings in, your paper. Use MLA capitalization style even when the original source title uses different capitalization .

In MLA style , book titles appear in italics, with all major words capitalized. If there is a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon and a space (even if no colon appears in the source). For example:

The format is the same in the Works Cited list and in the text itself. However, when you mention the book title in the text, you don’t have to include the subtitle.

The title of a part of a book—such as a chapter, or a short story or poem in a collection—is not italicized, but instead placed in quotation marks.

When a book’s chapters are written by different authors, you should cite the specific chapter you are referring to.

When all the chapters are written by the same author (or group of authors), you should usually cite the entire book, but some styles include exceptions to this.

• In APA Style , single-author books should always be cited as a whole, even if you only quote or paraphrase from one chapter.
• In MLA Style , if a single-author book is a collection of stand-alone works (e.g. short stories ), you should cite the individual work.
• In Chicago Style , you may choose to cite a single chapter of a single-author book if you feel it is more appropriate than citing the whole book.

The title of an article is not italicized in MLA style , but placed in quotation marks. This applies to articles from journals , newspapers , websites , or any other publication. Use italics for the title of the source where the article was published. For example:

Use the same formatting in the Works Cited entry and when referring to the article in the text itself.

The MLA Handbook is currently in its 9th edition , published in 2021.

This quick guide to MLA style  explains the latest guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers according to MLA.

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Gahan, C. (2024, March 05). MLA Titles | How to Format & Capitalize Source Titles. Scribbr. Retrieved April 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/titles/

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Do You Italicize Book Titles? MLA, Chicago Manual, and APA Rules (Examples)

Whether you are writing a book, a business blog, a research paper, or a magazine article, staying true (and consistent) to grammar and style is extremely important. It makes the entire article/ manuscript consistent and reading easy !

But with so many styles and style guides around, losing track is very common. This is especially true when you are writing titles – of books, stories, poems, chapters, and more – in your articles. Don’t you wonder whether you should underline the book titles, put them in italics, write them in quotation marks , or follow the traditional capital letter style? Well, we all do, and we often find ourselves hovering over different options, completely unsure of which one to choose .

So, should you italicize book titles or underline them?

The general rule says, always italicize book titles, if they are long and complete work. This keeps them distinct and makes them easily recognizable, especially when you are mentioning a book within your content. Italicizing also helps the reader to understand that this particular book is separate from the rest of the work they are reading. However, short titles – of poems, stories, articles, and chapters are often written in quotation marks.

For example:

Long title: Have you read In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust?

Short title: Grab your copy of “War and Peace” by Leo Tolstoy.

Now, this sometimes, can get very confusing and can put your writing all over the place. So when you are stuck between a right and a wrong, always follow the rule of thumb – How you write book titles in your work is a matter of choice (style). It is not governed by any grammarian law. There is no single source that governs how you must handle titled works and mostly depends on the style guide your publication is following – APA, Chicago, MLA, or any other.

So ask your editor his/ her preference and stick to it across your content. After all, consistency is the key to turning your writing into the most professional-looking copy .

In this article, we’ll help you learn the styling parameters that different style guides follow while writing book titles:

MLA rules for italicizing book titles

MLA stands for Modern Language Association – a United States-based society that styles manuals for students and scholars across the world. The MLA Handbook follows a particular style for documenting book titles, in the text as well as at the end of the article. As per the MLA style guide:

• Titles that are independent and self-contained are italicized.
• If the book title has a subtitle, the subtitle is italicized and separated by a colon (:).
• Titles that are contained in larger works ( e.g. , short stories, chapters) are put in quotations.
• However, when it comes to series titles, the MLA rules are a little confusing. In MLA, if a series title forms a part of the book title, then it is italicized. Otherwise, it is left in plain text. For example, the ‘Twilight Saga’ is a series title that you won’t italicize because it is not the tile of the book. But Harry Potter (a series title) you will italicize because it also forms a part of the title.  
• Godfrey, Wyck., et al. The  Twilight Saga :  New Moon . Two-disc special ed. [Los Angeles, CA], Summit Entertainment, 2010.
• Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. New York: Arthur A. Levine Books, 1998.

Chicago Manual of style rules

The Chicago Manual of Style is another widely accepted and used citation system. It is used across various disciplines like the humanities, sciences, social sciences, and more. It has its own style for citing books , titles, and full-length and freestanding works. If you want to follow the Chicago Manual of Style while formatting your book titles, here are some points to remember:

• Always italicize and capitalize the titles of your full-length, freestanding works. These include books, magazines, journals, blogs, research papers, and more.
• Online book citation also follows the same format.
• Chapter titles are always written in quotations and are not italicized.

APA style guide rules

The American Psychological Association (APA) is one of the most common and widely used reference styles. It is mostly used as a citation style for books and manuals written in the field of social sciences, psychology, sociology, and more.  It has its own set of rules for in-text and reference list citations. But when it comes to italicizing the books’ titles, the rules are pretty similar.

• Though in the APA, italicizing is kept to the bare minimum, long book titles, periodicals, webpages, reports, and standalone work are all italicized.
• Chapter titles in the APA are neither italicized nor written within quotes; the book titles however are. Also, the name of the chapter’s author is written in the first position.

7th Edition rules

The seventh edition of the APA is the latest edition and its purpose is to help students, scholars, and researchers write and communicate more effectively. Some of the biggest changes brought by the APA in its seventh edition include:

• The first letter (of the first word) of the title is capitalized.
• If there is a colon (:) in the title, the first letter after the colon is also capitalized.
• Proper names in titles are always capital
• Titles of books, magazines, journals, and newspapers are always italicized.
• Titles of articles or book chapters are not italicized.
• The title of the webpage is always italicized.
• The publisher’s location is no longer included in the reference.

When to Italicize Book Titles

As you could see , when it comes to writing book titles, a common rule applies across all styles ( barring a few exceptions ). So, if you are not following a particular citation style that asks you to do otherwise, this is a general rule that you can easily fall back on:

• Always italicize the titles of self-contained, independent work: books, albums
• Always italicize the titles of large books, like Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
• Always italicize magazine names, like The New Yorker
• Always italicize newspapers, like The New York Times

Italicizing titles creates a visual hierarchy and helps a reference source stand out from the rest of the text.

When to Avoid Italicizing Book Titles?

While most book titles should be italicized, there are some exceptions to the rule:

• Short titles or titles of smaller works are not italicized. These include titles of short stories, poems, and chapters.
• The title of the series is not italicized. For example, while you would italicize Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , you would not highlight the Harry Potter Series.
• Holy Books like The Bible and Quran, along with their sections, are not italicized.
• Headlines and course titles are also not italicized.

Do You Underline Book Titles?

No, we do not underline book titles . Underlining is an old formatting style that was once extensively used to emphasize certain words, phrases, and titles. But today, due to the availability of extensive formatting options, underlining has lost its mark and is not used as a preferred formatting option.   

However, if you are writing with a medium that does not offer the option to italicize, you may underline the text to emphasize it.

Do You Quote Book Titles?

Books, magazines, newspapers, and series all comprise many smaller parts, like a short poem, a chapter, a short story, and an episode. When citing these small pieces of work, we prefer writing them in quotation marks.

The teacher read a story titled “Lamb to the Slaughter” by Roald Dahl.

I missed the last episode of “Shaun the Sheep”.

 Susan is reading “The Fellowship of the Ring” from the Lord of the Rings .

Do You Italicize Book Series Titles?

While italics are used to emphasize book titles, trilogies and book series titles are only capitalized, not italicized.

What About Children’s Book Titles, Do Those Get Italicized?

Children’s books in style guides get the same treatment as other authored books. That is, titles of full works are italicized but short titles of poems, short stories, articles, or chapters are put within quotation marks. Also, in addition to the author’s name, they also include the illustrator’s name.

• Italics and Underlining: Titles of Works
• Treatment of titles
• Do You Italicize Book Titles In APA? A Must Read
• Should You Underline Or Italicise Book Titles?
• Do You Italicize Book Titles? Essay Secrets Revealed
• Should You Italicize Book Titles? A Guide to Formatting Titles

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Dalia Y.: Dalia is an English Major and linguistics expert with an additional degree in Psychology. Dalia has featured articles on Forbes, Inc, Fast Company, Grammarly, and many more. She covers English, ESL, and all things grammar on GrammarBrain.

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How to Write Book Titles in Your Essays

3-minute read

• 26th May 2023

When writing an essay, you’re likely to mention other authors’ works, such as books, papers, and articles. Formatting the titles of these works usually involves using quotation marks or italics.

So how do you write a book title in an essay? Most style guides have a standard for this – be sure to check that first. If you’re unsure, though, check out our guide below.

Italics or Quotation Marks?

As a general rule, you should set titles of longer works in italics , and titles of shorter works go in quotation marks . Longer works include books, journals, TV shows, albums, plays, etc. Here’s an example of a book mention:

Shorter works include poems, articles, chapters of books, episodes of TV shows, songs, etc. If it’s a piece that’s part of a biggHow to Write Book Titles in Your Essayser work, the piece considered a short work:

Exceptions to the Rule

The rule for writing book titles in italics applies specifically to running text . If the book title is standing on its own, as in a heading, there’s no need to italicize it.

Additionally, if the book is part of a larger series and you’re mentioning both the title of the series and that of the individual book, you can consider the book a shorter work. You would set the title of the series in italics and place the book title in quotation marks:

Punctuation in Book Titles

Do you need to apply italics to the punctuation in a book title? The short answer is yes – but only if the punctuation is part of the title:

If the punctuation isn’t part of the title (i.e., the punctuation is part of the sentence containing the title), you shouldn’t include in the italics:

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Summary: Writing Book Titles in Essays

We hope you’ll now feel confident when you’re writing and formatting book titles in your essays. Generally, you should set the title in italics when it’s in running text. Remember, though, to check your style guide. While the standards we’ve covered are the most common, some style guides have different requirements.

And once you finish writing your paper, make sure you send it our way! We’ll make sure any titles are formatted correctly as well as checking your work for grammar, spelling, punctuation, referencing, and more. Submit a free sample to try our service today.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you write the title of a book in a sentence.

Set the title of the book in italics unless the book is part of a larger work (e.g., a book that’s part of a series):

When do you use quotation marks for titles?

Place titles of shorter works or pieces that are contained in a larger work in quotation marks:

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When to Use Italics: The Complete Guide

by Liz Bureman and Sue Weems | 0 comments

We've covered italicization in song titles and album titles already , but let's look at a complete guide of when to use italics. 

What is italicization?

Italicization is the use of italics , a typeface that mimics cursive and leans or slants to the right.

Why use italics?

Italics are used to distinguish certain text from the rest for emphasis or sometimes contrast. As with all grammar and formatting conventions, italics should be used to make a message clearer to the audience.

When to use italics

In the English language, italics are usually used to set apart titles and names of specific kinds of objects or works.

Use italics for book titles and play titles

Titles of books are italicized, but you probably already knew that. Example: Gone Girl is still probably one of my favorite books that I read in 2014.

Other examples: The Crucible by Arthur Miller Sula by Toni Morrison

Use italics for magazine, newspaper, and periodical titles

All titles of newspapers, magazines, periodicals, and academic journals are italicized. Examples:

Magazine: The Atlantic Newspaper: The New York Times Professional periodicals: Publishers Weekly ; Library Journal Academic Journal: Journal of the American Medical Association , Harvard Business Review

Note: magazines, newspapers, professional periodicals, and academic journals all contain individual articles by different writers. Those article titles are indicated by the use of quotation marks .

Use italics for website titles

Website titles are italicized, and individual posts on websites are put in quotation marks, like articles.

For example: The Write Practice ran a series on writing short stories and the master article is called “ How to Write a Short Story ” by Sarah Gribble.

Other examples: Facebook Wikipedia

Use italics for television show titles

The names of TV shows are italicized, while the titles of each individual episode of a show are put in quotations.

Example: While all of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is amazing, my favorite episode is probably “Kimmy Goes to School!”

The Wire Game of Thrones

Use italics for movie titles

Movie titles are always italicized.

Examples: I saw Top Gun: Maverick last month for nostalgia's sake.

Everything Everywhere All at Once , starring Michelle Yeoh

Use italics for album titles

Album titles are always italicized. For example, while I will openly admit to loving Journey’s power ballad “Faithfully,” I think pretty much every song on their Greatest Hits album should be sung at karaoke nights across the country.

Other examples: Renaissance by Beyonce Harry's House by Harry Styles

Note: individual song titles are noted by quotation marks.

Use italics for works of art

All artwork titles use italics, from paintings to sculpture. Examples:

Sugar Shack by Ernie Barnes Black Iris by Georgia O'Keefe David by Michelangelo

Use italics for radio or podcast program titles

Radio and podcast programs take italics, while their individual episodes take quotation marks. Examples:

This American Life Fresh Air, National Public Radio On Being with Krista Tippett

Use italics for named vessels: ships, spacecraft, aircraft

Any named craft used for transportation will take italics.

Examples: USS America, Challenger, Pequod

Use italics for technical terms (sometimes)

In some academic texts, technical or new terms are often marked by italics the first time they are used in the paper. Check your assigned style guide (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc) to see how to indicate new terms.

Use italics for foreign words (sometimes)

Some style manuals (notably APA and Chicago) suggest using italics the first time an unfamiliar non-English word is used in a paper. This practice can vary depending on the publisher and the audience, so pay attention to any requirements.

It's okay to need to look up the rules for italicization. That's why we've published this handy guide!

How do you feel about your italicization skills? Do you always remember what titles to italicize and which to leave alone? Let us know in the comments section .

Put your italicization skills to the test. For fifteen minutes, write about one of the following:

• A serial killer who calls himself “The Reviewer” who murders his favorite actors, writers, and musicians.
• A detective hunting a serial killer who calls himself “The Reviewer.”

When you’re finished, share your work in the Pro Practice Workshop.   Not a member yet? Join us !

Liz Bureman

Liz Bureman has a more-than-healthy interest in proper grammatical structure, accurate spelling, and the underappreciated semicolon. When she's not diagramming sentences and reading blogs about how terribly written the Twilight series is, she edits for the Write Practice, causes trouble in Denver, and plays guitar very slowly and poorly. You can follow her on Twitter (@epbure), where she tweets more about music of the mid-90s than writing.

Sue Weems is a writer, teacher, and traveler with an advanced degree in (mostly fictional) revenge. When she’s not rationalizing her love for parentheses (and dramatic asides), she follows a sailor around the globe with their four children, two dogs, and an impossibly tall stack of books to read. You can read more of her writing tips on her website .

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Understanding the Use of Italics for Book Titles in Writing

Navigating the rules of grammar and style in writing can sometimes feel like trying to solve a complex puzzle. One common question that arises, especially for avid readers and writers, is whether book titles should be italicized. This isn't just a trivial query but a significant aspect of writing that reflects professionalism and adherence to style guidelines. In this article, we'll dive into the conventions surrounding the italicization of book titles, offering clear guidance and examples to ensure your writing is both accurate and engaging.

The Basics of Italics for Book Titles

When it comes to the written word, presentation matters as much as content. Italics are a crucial tool in this regard, especially for highlighting book titles. But why is this practice so important, and what are the rules governing it?

Why We Italicize Book Titles

Italics are used to distinguish certain titles from ordinary text. This is particularly important in academic writing, publishing, and other professional contexts where clarity and precision are key. By italicizing book titles, we set them apart, making it clear to the reader that these are published works and not just generic terms or concepts.

The General Rule

As a general rule, the titles of full-length works like books, novels, and similar publications should be italicized. This helps in clearly identifying them in any body of text, ensuring they stand out and are easily recognizable as titles.

Examples in Practice

• In academic essays: "In her analysis, the author references To Kill a Mockingbird extensively."
• In book reviews: "I found The Great Gatsby to be an intriguing reflection on the American Dream."
• In bibliographies: " 1984 by George Orwell."

When Not to Italicize

Not every instance calls for italics. For shorter works or components of a larger piece, such as chapters in a book or articles in a journal, quotation marks are typically used instead of italics.

Examples of Non-Italicized Titles

• Chapters: "My favorite chapter in Harry Potter is 'The Mirror of Erised.'"
• Articles: "Did you read 'The Impact of Global Warming' in the latest science journal?"

Special Considerations

While the above guidelines are widely accepted, there are always exceptions and special cases in English grammar.

Digital Writing and Italics

In digital writing, such as blogs or social media, italics might not always be available or practical. In such cases, using quotation marks or even capitalization can serve as alternatives.

Style Guide Variations

Different style guides (like APA, MLA, or Chicago) might have specific rules for italicization. It's always a good idea to consult the relevant guide if you're writing for a particular field or publication.

Mastering the use of italics for book titles is more than just following a rule; it's about respecting the written word and its many nuances. Whether you're an aspiring author, a student, or a professional writer, understanding and applying these conventions is crucial for clear and effective communication.

Remember, when in doubt, italicize that book title! It's a simple way to add clarity and professionalism to your writing.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do i italicize a book title in a handwritten document.

In handwritten documents, where italics aren't possible, underlining the title of a book is an acceptable alternative. This practice dates back to typewriters when underlining was used instead of italics.

Should book series titles be italicized?

Yes, the titles of book series should also be italicized. For example, Harry Potter , The Lord of the Rings , and The Chronicles of Narnia are all italicized.

Are there any exceptions to italicizing book titles?

The main exception is when the formatting isn't available or practical, such as in certain digital formats. In these cases, alternatives like quotation marks or capitalization can be used.

Do I italicize the titles of religious texts?

Titles of major religious texts, like the Bible or the Quran, are not typically italicized. However, specific editions or versions of these texts are italicized.

Is it ever acceptable to use bold for book titles instead of italics?

While bold can be used for emphasis, it's not standard practice to use bold for book titles. Italics are the preferred formatting choice for this purpose.

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How to Write Book Titles in Essays: APA, MLA, Chicago Styles

It’s your practical and up-to-point guide on how to write a book title in an essay. You’ll get the formatting rules and examples for citing book and author names in academic papers.

We’ve covered the top three citation styles: APA, Chicago, and MLA.

How to Write the Title of a Book in an Essay

First, remember the general rules of citing book names in academic works.

Here’s how to cite books in essays :

• Use capitalization. Every word of a book’s name goes in the title case, except prepositions, articles, and coordinating conjunctions.
• Use italics for longer and independent works. Use double quotations for shorter ones (poems, articles, book chapters, or play acts and scenes).
• Use single quotations for a book’s title within another title. (When citing monographs about literary works, for example.) 

While capitalization rules depend on the citation style, some general tips have a place to be. Please, no capitalization for:

• Articles: a, the (unless the book title begins with it)
• Coordinating conjunctions and prepositions: of, and, or, but, for, to, nor, in, so (unless the book title begins or ends with it)

Subordinating conjunctions (although, unless, because, if) go in capital letters.

How to Write a Book Title in an Essay: APA

APA (American Psychological Association) is the most popular style for citing academic works. It’s common for the social sciences like Education, Psychology, Sociology, and others. The current edition: 7th (2019).

Book titles in APA stand for:

• Italics. (If a book name includes any punctuation, italicize it too.)
• Capitalization. (Capitalize all words longer than four letters , regardless of the part of speech. Also, use capital letters for two-part words and those coming after a dash or a colon.)
• Double quotations instead of italics. (When citing a short work like an article or a poem; when citing a book chapter or when the book is a part of an anthology.)

For example: 

The Lord of the Rings but “The Fellowship of the Ring” (The latter is part of the trilogy.)

Related: How to Cite a Movie in APA Format

How to Write the Name of a Book in an Essay: Chicago

The Chicago Manual of Style is a guide by the University of Chicago. It’s common for fields like History, Fine Arts, and Business. The current edition: 17th (2017).

How to format book titles in Chicago:

• Italicize longer and independent works; put shorter ones in double quotations.
• Use italics for punctuation within a title.
• Capitalize all words except articles (a, the) and ALL prepositions or conjunctions (regardless of length).

For example:

In George Orwell’s 1984 , the author presents a dystopian society characterized by pervasive government surveillance and the suppression of individual freedom. The harrowing events in “Chapter 2,” where Winston Smith begins to rebel against the Party by starting a forbidden diary, mark a pivotal moment in the novel’s exploration of resistance against totalitarianism.

The style resembles the MLA format, but it’s flexible, allowing you to “break the rules if necessary.”

How to Write a Book Title in an Essay: MLA

MLA format stands for the Modern Language Association. It’s common for humanities like Literature, Culture, Linguistics, etc. The current edition: 8th (2016). 

How to format books in MLA:

• Italicize all words, including punctuation and those of two parts or going after colons and hyphens.
• Capitalize all words except articles (a, the) , prepositions, and short conjunctions within a book title.
• Use double quotations instead of italics when writing a book chapter or a part of a book series.

In Little Women , Beth March dies in Chapter 40, “The Valley of the Shadow.”

Formatting Book Author Names in Papers

Use the author’s full name (first and last) to format it in your essay for proper credit.

If a book has two authors, use both last names and initials. For works with three or more authors, use the last name of the first one and add “et all.”

No need to italicize author names in papers.

Why Properly Cite Book Titles in Essays

The short answer:

You won’t get a high grade for an essay. Formatting blunders count as mistakes.

The longer answer:

• You prove writing skills and an understanding of the rules in academia.
• Your papers maintain consistency. It’s critical to stick to criteria to prevent confusion. The consistent format for book headings also serves to better scannability and readability.
• You learn to cite different types of references for your future projects.

Do you italicize book titles?

Yes, you put book titles in italics. Please italicize long and stand-alone works: books, movies, webpages, reports, or music albums. Shorter works’ titles (articles, essays, poems, songs, or book chapters) come in quotations. (1)

Do you underline book titles?

Underlining book titles is an outdated practice. Some still use it in handwritten essays, but it’s not a must-follow rule. Neither APA nor MLA (or Chicago) mentions underlining book names in academic papers.

How to use book title capitalization in texts?

Capitalize every word in a book’s title. Exceptions are articles (a, the), prepositions, and short (three or fewer letters) conjunctions in mid-titles.

Are books italicized in all formatting styles?

Yes, book titles come in italics in all styles: APA, MLA, and Chicago. When citing book chapters or a book as a part of a series, use quotation marks instead.

How to write a book author in an essay?

Use the author’s full name when citing their book in your papers. For works with several authors, mention their last names and initials. Unlike book titles, author names come in standard formatting with no italics.

References:

• https://english.csuci.edu/resources/essay-writing-essentials.htm
• Essay samples
• Essay writing
• Writing tips

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Writing Nestling

Do You Italicize Titles? (Easy Guide & Explained)

Welcome to the intriguing realm of typographical finesse – the nuanced practice of italicizing titles. In the vast landscape of written expression, the question of whether to italicize titles can be a labyrinthine endeavor, navigating the subtle nuances that distinguish literary works.

As we embark on this linguistic odyssey, we’ll unravel the conventions, explore the historical threads that weave through italics, and delve into the practicalities of emphasizing titles within the written tapestry.

So, do you italicize titles? Join us on this literary sojourn as we demystify the art of italicization and unveil the stylistic symphony that it brings to the written word.

Whether you’re a seasoned wordsmith or a burgeoning scribe, this exploration promises to shed light on the intricacies of title formatting, inviting you to wield italics with finesse and purpose in the vast expanse of language.

Table of Contents

Do You Italicize Titles?

Yes, you italicize titles when writing to indicate the title of a longer work, such as a book, movie, play, or magazine. Follow these steps:

Books, Magazines, Newspapers, Journals

Italicize the titles of complete works like books (e.g., To Kill a Mockingbird), magazines (e.g., National Geographic), newspapers (e.g., The New York Times), and journals (e.g., Journal of Psychology).

Movies and TV Shows

Italicize the titles of films (e.g., The Shawshank Redemption) and TV shows (e.g., Stranger Things).

Plays and Operas

Italicize the titles of plays (e.g., Hamlet) and operas (e.g., Carmen).

Albums and Songs

Italicize the titles of albums (e.g., The Dark Side of the Moon) and songs (e.g., Bohemian Rhapsody).

Artworks and Sculptures

Italicize the titles of paintings (e.g., Starry Night) and sculptures (e.g., David).

Websites and Online Publications

Italicize the names of websites (e.g., Wikipedia) and online publications (e.g., The Huffington Post).

Names of Ships and Aircraft

Italicize the names of ships (e.g., Titanic) and aircraft (e.g., Spirit of St. Louis).

Foreign Words and Phrases

Italicize foreign words or phrases that are not part of common English usage.

Remember, when writing by hand or in a situation where italics are not possible, you can underline titles instead. Additionally, short works like poems, articles, and short stories are typically placed in quotation marks rather than italicized.

General Rules for Italics

Unlock the door to a world of typographic elegance as we delve into the enchanting realm of italicization. Like the subtle curve of a dancer’s silhouette, italics bestow a touch of sophistication upon the written word, transforming mere titles into majestic declarations.

The general rules for italics are akin to the seasoned conductor guiding a symphony—each element plays a crucial part.

Whether it’s the weighty volumes of books demanding attention, the silver screen allure of movies, or the captivating drama scripted within plays, italics paint a canvas of distinction.

This typographic magic extends to the sonorous notes of long poems and the rhythmic beats of music albums, creating a harmonious symphony of visual eloquence.

Prepare to be transported to a world where words don’t just speak; they pirouette, leaving an indelible mark on the reader’s imagination. Welcome to the theatre of italics, where every title is a leading star in the grand production of language.

Titles of Books

Titles of books, those literary treasures that beckon us into worlds unknown, stand as the heralds of intellectual exploration.

In the vast tapestry of written expression, books emerge as the venerable monarchs, their titles encapsulating the essence of entire universes waiting to be unfurled.

The careful italicization of these titles not only pays homage to their significance but also acts as a visual cue, inviting readers to embark on a journey of wordsmithing wonder.

Each italicized title becomes a portal, a gateway to realms where characters breathe life, and narratives weave tapestries of emotions.

Whether it’s the whispering secrets of fiction, the bold expositions of non-fiction, or the lyrical verses of poetry, the italicized titles of books are the keys to unlocking the boundless potential of human imagination.

In the hallowed halls of literature, the artful presentation of book titles in italics is an invitation—an invitation to traverse the limitless landscapes of knowledge and creativity.

Specific Cases for Italics

Within the labyrinth of language, italics emerge as the enigmatic sorcerers, casting spells of emphasis and distinction. In the realm of specific cases for italics, their prowess becomes even more apparent.

Picture this: titles within titles become nesting dolls of emphasis, a literary matryoshka capturing layers of significance within words.

As your eyes dance across the page, italics gracefully encircle foreign words and phrases , offering linguistic passports to exotic realms of expression.

And behold the italicized flourish when words crave emphasis, as if they donned a bespoke suit for a grand entrance onto the stage of sentences.

Specific cases for italics are the hidden alcoves in the mansion of typography, where the ordinary becomes extraordinary, and every word is a protagonist in its own narrative.

Brace yourself for a typographic spectacle, where italics don’t just punctuate; they pirouette through the prose, leaving an indelible mark on the reader’s psyche.

Titles within Titles

Titles within titles, a literary rendezvous where words engage in a delicate dance of emphasis and distinction. Like Russian nesting dolls of language, the italicized inception of one title within another creates a mesmerizing effect, a literary echo that resonates with nuanced significance.

Picture a story within a story, a tantalizing narrative inception, where each layer of italics serves as a threshold to a new dimension of meaning.

It’s not just about words; it’s a typographic artistry that invites readers to explore the labyrinthine corridors of a tale within the tale.

The subtlety of italicized titles within titles is akin to an eloquent whisper amid the cacophony of words, urging readers to pay heed to the nuanced layers beneath the surface.

This typographic play within the pages is a testament to the kaleidoscopic nature of language, where each title is not just a signpost but a gateway to a literary universe within.

Alternatives to Italics

In the symphony of typographic choices, where italics wield their elegant baton, alternatives to this classic maestro emerge as bold soloists, each playing a distinctive note in the composition of written expression.

Quotation marks, the rebellious rockstars of punctuation, strut onto the stage, offering a dynamic alternative to the italicized subtlety.

Capitalization, the regal monarch of written form, asserts its authority, standing tall as a formidable contender. These alternatives aren’t mere understudies; they are the co-stars in the typographic drama, challenging the status quo with their unique flair.

Imagine a narrative where words gleam in the spotlight of quotation marks or where the grandiosity of capitalization commands attention.

These alternatives to italics are not just substitutes; they are stylistic choices that infuse the written word with a distinctive rhythm, making each sentence a memorable verse in the symphony of storytelling.

Step into the arena of typographic experimentation, where alternatives to italics are the avant-garde artists, injecting vibrancy into the canvas of language.

Use of Quotation Marks

The use of quotation marks, those nimble acrobats of punctuation, introduces a captivating rhythm to the written symphony.

Quotation marks are not just functional signposts; they are the stage upon which dialogue, excerpts, and verbatim expressions take center spotlight.

Like a pair of literary parentheses, they cradle the spoken words, giving them a distinctive identity within the narrative tapestry.

Picture the flutter of quotation marks as characters engage in a verbal ballet, their voices resonating with a unique cadence.

It’s not merely about delineating speech; it’s an intimate choreography where the dance of words is adorned with the elegant grace of punctuation.

In the theater of language, the use of quotation marks is akin to a director’s cue, signaling the entrance of dialogue and lending an animated quality to the written script.

Whether crafting fiction or relaying real-world conversations, the judicious use of quotation marks transforms the written word into a symphony of voices, each note resonating with the reader’s imagination.

Style Guides and Their Recommendations

Enter the realm of literary sherpas, where style guides stand as wise guides, illuminating the treacherous path of punctuation and formatting.

These literary luminaries, be it the stern commander of the Modern Language Association (MLA), the discerning tactician of the American Psychological Association (APA), or the eloquent maestro of the Chicago Manual of Style, don’t just wield rules; they conduct a symphony of writing conventions.

Style guides are the Gandalfs of the manuscript, whispering, “You shall not pass!” to inconsistencies and haphazard formatting.

Each guide, with its own set of commandments, becomes the North Star in the inky expanse of authorial uncertainty.

Embarking on a writing journey without consulting these sages is like navigating a stormy sea without a compass.

In the grand tapestry of language, style guides aren’t just advisors; they are the keepers of the sacred flame of consistency, ensuring that every word, every comma, adheres to the hallowed doctrines of the written craft.

Modern Language Association (MLA)

The Modern Language Association (MLA), a venerable institution in the world of academia and literary scholarship, stands as a guiding beacon for writers navigating the labyrinth of citation and formatting.

Founded in 1883, the MLA has evolved into a stalwart guardian of scholarly communication, shaping the standards for research papers, essays, and manuscripts.

With its iconic parenthetical citations and meticulous guidelines, the MLA acts as a linguistic architect, constructing a framework that ensures clarity, consistency, and intellectual rigor in written discourse.

Academics and students alike bow to the MLA as a steadfast mentor, offering a roadmap through the intricate terrain of documentation and citation, allowing ideas to flow seamlessly from one mind to another.

In the grand mosaic of writing conventions, the MLA is a cornerstone, a testament to the timeless pursuit of precision and elegance in the written word.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

In the captivating ballet of language, where every word pirouettes across the stage, common mistakes can be likened to missteps that disrupt the rhythm of the narrative waltz.

Picture this literary dancefloor, where the misplaced twirl of a comma or the clumsy stumble of inconsistent formatting can lead to a typographic fiasco.

One of the cardinal sins is the mischievous misuse of italics, turning what should be a graceful emphasis into a chaotic cacophony.

Beware the overzealous italicizer, for too much emphasis can be as jarring as a poorly tuned instrument in a symphony.

Another pitfall is the sly inconsistency that lurks in the shadows, waiting to trip up unsuspecting writers. It’s a masquerade ball where punctuation masquerades as its grammatical counterpart, leaving sentences in disarray.

In this intricate dance of syntax, let’s not forget the dangers of neglecting the meticulous proofreading tango—a dance with typos and errors that can mar the elegance of the written performance.

In the grand theater of writing, these common mistakes aren’t just blunders; they are the mischievous sprites that threaten to turn eloquence into chaos. Dance wisely, dear writers, and may your prose glide gracefully through the literary ballroom.

Misuse of Italics

The misuse of italics in the written landscape is akin to a misplaced spotlight on the stage; instead of highlighting brilliance, it casts a glaring distraction.

This typographic misdemeanour is a subtle saboteur, transforming what should be a nuanced emphasis into an unwarranted spectacle.

A heavy-handed approach turns prose into a visual rollercoaster, where every word clamors for attention, robbing the reader of the gentle cadence that italics should provide.

It’s the equivalent of shouting in a library when a hushed whisper would suffice. The misuse of italics disrupts the delicate dance of language, diminishing the impact of truly significant words by drowning them in a sea of slanting letters.

Writers beware, for in the labyrinth of emphasis, a misstep with italics can turn a literary ballet into a chaotic mosh pit, leaving readers bewildered rather than captivated.

Practical Examples

Imagine the world of writing as a grand culinary expedition, and practical examples are the delectable ingredients that add flavor to the prose feast.

They are the saffron strands in a literary paella, the truffle shavings on the linguistical risotto. Practical examples aren’t just garnishes; they are the succulent bites that elucidate complex ideas and infuse the narrative with the richness of real-world application.

Much like master chefs crafting a gastronomic symphony, writers utilize practical examples to elevate their storytelling to a sensory experience.

These examples aren’t mere illustrations; they are the vibrant strokes that paint vivid images in the reader’s mind, turning abstract concepts into palpable realities.

So, as you embark on your literary banquet, savor the practical examples, for they are the secret sauce that transforms words into a literary feast for the mind.

Correct Italics Usage

Correct italics usage is the secret handshake of eloquent communication, a nuanced dance that adds finesse to the written language.

It is the judicious art of emphasis, guiding the reader’s gaze to the heart of the narrative with a subtle slant. Like a skilled conductor orchestrating a symphony, correct italics usage ensures that titles of books, movies, and plays step onto the stage with the regal flair they deserve.

It’s a typographic ballet where foreign words and phrases, adorned in italics, pirouette with grace amidst the prose.

Correct italics usage isn’t just about adherence to rules; it’s about infusing the written word with a visual melody that resonates in the reader’s mind.

It’s a punctuation ballet where every italicized note plays a vital role in harmonizing the symphony of expression. In the realm of language, correct italics usage is the well-timed crescendo, enhancing the resonance of each written composition.

Evolution of Italics Usage

Dive into the riveting narrative of italics, where each slanting serif tells a tale of evolution in the grand tapestry of language.

Once a humble tool for emphasis, italics have donned many masks over the centuries, morphing from typographic wallflowers into bold trendsetters.

Picture the Renaissance, where italics burst forth like eager buds in the spring, breathing life into the manuscripts of scholars and poets.

Fast forward to the digital age, and italics become the chameleons of expression, adapting seamlessly to the screens of our electronic devices.

No longer confined to the solemnity of the printed page, italics have become the graffiti artists of the written word, splashing slanted flair across social media and digital platforms.

The evolution of italics is a literary journey, a metamorphosis from quill and parchment to the pixelated playgrounds of modern communication.

In this typographic saga, italics aren’t just punctuation marks; they are shape-shifters, navigating the currents of evolving expression with unmatched finesse.

Historical Perspective

Embark on a voyage through the corridors of time, where the historical perspective of italics unfolds like an ancient manuscript waiting to be deciphered.

Italics, with its roots reaching back to the 15th century Italy, emerges as a testament to the craftsmanship of early typographers.

Initially conceived as a handwriting style to emulate the elegance of calligraphy, italics found its way into the printing press, becoming the hallmark of emphasis in early manuscripts.

The Renaissance saw italics bloom, with scholars and printers recognizing its potential to lend emphasis and visual harmony to written works.

Through quills and printing presses, italics became a silent witness to the epochs, adapting to the changing winds of writing conventions.

As the epochs unfolded, italics transcended the ink-and-paper realm, finding a new life in the digital age. In the historical tapestry of typographic evolution, italics stand as a timeless artifact, weaving a narrative that spans centuries and continents.

Frequently Asked Questions about Do You Italicize Titles?

When should i italicize titles.

Titles of longer works, such as books, movies, plays, and magazines, should be italicized. This helps distinguish them from shorter works like poems or articles .

Do I italicize titles in all writing styles?

Yes, most writing styles, including MLA, APA, and Chicago, recommend italicizing titles for longer works. However, styles may vary, so it’s essential to follow the guidelines of the specific style you’re using.

Are there exceptions to italicizing titles?

Yes, shorter works like poems, articles, and short stories are usually placed in quotation marks instead of being italicized. Additionally, specific style guides may have exceptions for certain types of works.

Can I use underlining instead of italics for titles?

Yes, when typing is not possible or practical, you can underline titles as an alternative to italics. However, it’s essential to be consistent in your choice throughout your writing.

How about titles of TV shows and songs? Do they follow the same rule?

Yes, titles of TV shows (e.g., Breaking Bad) and songs (e.g., Bohemian Rhapsody) should be italicized or placed in quotation marks, depending on the preference of your chosen writing style.

What about titles in social media posts or informal writing?

In more casual writing, such as social media posts or informal emails, italics may be less strictly adhered to. However, maintaining consistency in your formatting enhances clarity and professionalism.

Do foreign words or phrases need to be italicized?

Yes, foreign words or phrases that are not part of common English usage should be italicized. This helps readers recognize and distinguish them in the text.

How do I format titles if I’m writing by hand?

If italics are not feasible, you can underline titles when writing by hand. The goal is to visually set the title apart from the rest of the text.

Should I italicize titles of online publications and websites?

Yes, titles of websites (e.g., CNN) and online publications (e.g., The Guardian) should be italicized to indicate they are longer, standalone works.

Can you provide examples of when to italicize and when to use quotation marks?

Certainly! For instance, you italicize a book title (The Great Gatsby) but use quotation marks for a short story title (“The Lottery”). Consistency in applying these rules is key for clarity and correctness in writing.

In conclusion, understanding when to italicize titles is a fundamental aspect of proper writing conventions.

Whether you are crafting an academic paper, a creative work, or even a social media post, the consistent application of italicizing titles for longer works like books, movies, and plays, and using quotation marks for shorter works like poems and articles, contributes to the clarity and professionalism of your writing.

While variations exist among different writing styles, maintaining awareness of these guidelines ensures that your titles are appropriately formatted, making it easier for readers to navigate and comprehend your content.

So, the next time you find yourself pondering whether to italicize a title, consider the type of work and adhere to the conventions of the writing style you are following for a polished and well-structured piece.

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Let’s Clear This Up: Should You Underline Or Italicize Book Titles? 

If your teachers taught you to underline book titles , it probably didn’t make sense to argue. 

Plus, underlining is just easier when you’re writing things out by hand. 

Not so with texting — or when you’re writing a book of your own.

When you reference your sources, do you underline or italicize book titles?

Are novels italicized or underlined?

And does it matter whether a novel or novelette is part of an anthology ? 

What are the rules worth remembering? 

The Basics: Do You Underline or Italicize Book Titles?

Some exceptions to the rule: should you underline or italicize book titles, punctuating book titles, book title italics or quotes .

• Do You Italicize Books Like The Lord of the Rings? 

Do You Italicize the Titles of Sacred Books?

What does the ap stylebook recommend.

If your main question is “Do I underline book titles or italicize them?” most style guides recommend the following guidelines: 

• If you have italics as an option, use it. 
• If not, underline. 
• If underlining isn’t an option, use asterisks or under-slashes to set off titles. 

That last one is the way to go when you include a book title in a text message or social media post or comment, where you can’t apply any kind of text formatting. 

Underlining can be problematic with digital text (websites, digital apps, and ebooks) since we now associate it with hyperlinks, even if the font color matches the text around it. 

Probably the most common scenario, when you can underline but not effectively italicize, is when you’re writing something by hand. While you could switch to cursive mid-sentence, underlining is less likely to be dismissed as a random quirk. 

Plus, underlining is easier than cursive. 

We’ve already mentioned one exception to the rule favoring italics. Handwriting makes underlining easier and more obvious. 

Another exception is when you’re submitting text through a web form, which doesn’t allow text formatting (much like texting and social media posts). 

A third exception involves chunks of italicized text that include a book title. In this case, you’ll want to keep the title unitalicized to make it stand out. 

Keep these exceptions in mind when someone asks you, “Do you italicize book titles?” Because they do matter. 

There’s one final exception, which we’ll revisit at the end of this post, and that has to do with the particular style guide you may be using. 

So, what do you do if you’re italicizing a book title and you have to add punctuation — like an apostrophe to show possession — that isn’t part of the title? Do you treat that differently from the punctuation that the author included? 

For the sake of clarity, we keep any added punctuation (apostrophes, dashes , ellipses, etc.) — anything not native to the original title — in regular, non-italicized text. 

Examples: 

• “Looking at the books stacked nearby, I saw that Blink ’s cover was slightly creased from its days in my purse.”  (The apostrophe-s ending is not italicized because it’s not part of the title.)
• “She just finished reading Salem’s Lot , and she’d rather not talk about it. Give her time.” (In this case, the apostrophe-s at the end of Salem is part of the title and is italicized.) 

So, are all book titles italicized? And what about titles for smaller works like short stories, magazine articles, and blog posts? 

To keep the rule as simple as possible, ask yourself whether the title in question is for a published container — like a blog, a website, a magazine or scholarly journal, or a complete book — or for something that would be contained. 

Would you find this title on the cover of a finished whole (an album, the cover image for a podcast, etc.) or in a table of contents or a list of songs, poems, or podcast episodes? 

Larger works get the italics treatment, as you’ll see in the following examples:

• Black Box Thinking by Matthew Syed
• For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway
• Back in Black (album) by AC/DC
• Live Bold and Bloom (blog)
• Authority Self Publishing: Marketing, Writing, and Kindle Publishing Tips (podcast)

Smaller works that a larger work could contain get quotation marks. It’s not about which one is more important; it’s about making it easier for readers to tell them apart. 

When you see a story title in quotation marks, you’re more likely to think, “Oh, that must be a short story?” Find a book of short stories and check out the table of contents, and you’ll find quotes around each story’s title. 

Each is a smaller part of the whole collection, which bears an italicized title of its own.  

Do You Italicize Titles of Novels and Books Included in Anthologies? 

So, what about Reader’s Digest Condensed Books (1950-1997) — or Reader’s Digest Select Editions (since 1997)? 

Each of the works included are abridged versions of completed books and novels. 

If you’re looking up some options on Amazon, you’ll see quotation marks around the titles of the books and novels included in each hardcover edition. 

It’s tempting to think the abridgment of the title is the reason for this. But collections like Reader’s Digest editions aren’t the only ones that do this—even when the titles in the collection are unabridged originals. 

Read on for another well-known example.

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Do You Italicize Books Like The Lord of the Rings ? 

Books like LOTR bring together separate books that are all part of a complete series. In LOTR’s case, the complete set is a trilogy with the following titles: 

• The Fellowship of the Ring
• The Two Towers
• The Return of the King

If the book you’re referencing in your own writing is a separate title with its own cover, you’ll italicize the title in-text citations and in your bibliography. 

But if you’re using the complete LOTR trilogy under one cover, you’ll set off any of the enclosed titles with quotation marks — as if they were separate parts of a larger book. 

The same rule applies to other books that include all the titles in a specific series. 

While we do italicize specific editions of sacred books (e.g., The New King James Bible ), we do not generally italicize or underline the generic titles of sacred religious texts: 

• The Bible (and individual books in the Bible)
• The Koran / Qur’an and The Hadiths
• The Vedas and the Upanishads
• The Tanakh and the Talmud
• The Tipitaka (Buddhism)

As for the specific books inside the Christian Bible, if you’re referencing a specific verse, you’ll include the name of the book (or an abbreviation), along with the chapter and verse, and text formatted the same as the text around it (e.g., Matt 3:5 or 2 Corinthians 4:16). 

Not all style guides recommend italicizing book titles; the AP Stylebook uses quotation marks instead, maybe just to simplify things.  

That said, publications like Writers Digest use the AP Stylebook but choose to italicize their book titles in deference to their own house rules. 

Whether you go that route will likely depend on what you or your client wants. 

If you’re thoroughly confused right now, the main thing to remember is that in most cases, the rules described above will help you correctly format any book titles you reference in your own writing. 

• If it’s a container (book, album, podcast, TV series, etc.), use italics.
• If it’s contained by a container (poem, TV episode, song, etc.), use quotation marks.

When in doubt, check your style guide.  And if you’re writing for someone else, ask them what they prefer or consult their chosen style guide. 

Whatever rules you go with, be consistent. 

Now that you know how to answer the question, “Do you underline book titles or italicize them?” which points stood out for you as most helpful? And what have you learned that you want to remember? 

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• APA Style - 7th edition
• Specific Rules for Authors & Titles

APA Style - 7th edition: Specific Rules for Authors & Titles

• Basic Information

Rules for Writing Author and Editor Information

Rules for writing titles.

• Media Sources
• Internet Sources
• In-text Citations
• Reference Lists

There are certain things to keep in mind when writing the author's name according to APA style. Authors may be individual people, multiple people, groups (institutions or organizations), or a combination of people and groups. 

• You must include all the authors up to 20 for individual items. For example, if you are using an article that has 19 authors you must list them all out on your reference page. 
• Use initials for the first and middle names of authors. Use one space between initials.
• All names are inverted (last name, first initial).
• Do not hyphenate a name unless it is hyphenated on the item.
• Separate the author's names with a comma and use the ampersand symbol "&"  before the last author listed.
• Spell out the name of any organization that is listed as an author.
• If there is no author listed, the item title moves in front of the publication date and is used.

An item that you use may have an editor instead of an author or in the case of audiovisual materials a writer or director.

• For editors follow the same rules above and put the abbreviation (Ed.) or (Eds.) behind the name(s). 
• For audiovisual materials follow the same rules as above and put the specialized role (Writer) (Director) behind the name. 

Zhang, Y. H.  (one author)

Arnec, A., & Lavbic, D. (two authors)​

Kent State University (organization as author)

Barr, M. J. (Ed.). (1 editor)

Powell, R. R., & Westbrook, L. (Eds.). (2 editors)

here are certain things to keep in mind when writing a title according to APA style.

• Book titles are italicized and written using sentence case (only the first word of a title, subtitle, or proper noun are capitalized).
• Book chapter titles are written using sentence case and are not italicized.
• Journal titles are italicized and written using title case (all the important words are capitalized).
• Article titles are written using sentence case and are not italicized.
• Webpages and websites are italicized and written using sentence case.

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (book title, American Psychological Association is a proper noun so it is capitalized)

Student perspective of plagiarism (book chapter title)

Internet plagiarism in higher education: Tendencies, trigging factors and reasons among teacher candidates (article title, Tendencies is the first word of a sub-title so it is capitalized)

Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education (journal title)

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• Last Updated: Jul 14, 2023 4:23 PM
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How To Write Book Titles The Proper Way: A Complete Guide For Writers

• February 10, 2022

Book titles within essays or papers can be tricky. There are specific rules that are given for how to include a book title in a way that sets it apart from the content of your writing given by the Modern Language Association. However, as with many other things in life, there are exceptions to the rules. This article will guide you through the rules of the writing style guides so that you can include a book’s title in your paper or essay correctly.

How to write book titles:

Style guides and book titles.

When it comes to book titles within text, there are a few different style guides that have rules you can follow, depending on your writing type. The three types that you will encounter most often are; MLA style, Chicago manual of style, and APA. A writing instructor will usually tell you what style guide you are expected to use for a particular essay or paper.

MLA Style Guide

The MLA handbook states that you should always italicize book titles when styling book titles within your text. The exception to this rule are religious texts. You would not italicize the Holy Bible or the sacred books or titles of other religions. Note the following example.

Pam had stayed most of the summer indoors, re-reading her favorite book series. She was already up to  Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone , and she didn’t regret not being more active or going outside.

In the above example, the book title is italicized. Fiction titles and nonfiction titles alike must be in italics when within the text.

Series Titles in MLA

In the above example, a book from a series was used. But what if the text had not specified which book from the series Pam was reading? Would it still need to be in italics? The answer is: in this case, yes. In other cases, sometimes.

It’s really not as confusing as it seems. When you are talking about a book series but don’t want or need to include the complete series titles for the purposes of your work, you only have to put words in italics that also appear in the book titles. So, because  Harry Potter  is part of the title of all of the books in the series, you would italicize his name every time you mention the book.

However, if you were talking about Katniss Everdeen, you would not have to do this, as the book series she is featured in doesn’t use her name in the titles of  The Hunger Games  series. The same would be true of books like the Nancy Drew books.

Quotation Marks

There are instances in which titles should be placed inside of quotation marks within a paper or essay. This is done when you cite the titles of poems , a chapter title, short stories, articles, or blogs.

So, for example, if you were to write a paper that featured a poem from a book, you would put the book title in italics and the poems cited in quotation marks.

An example of an enduring love poem is “Annabel Lee” from  The Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. 

Chapter Title

Another time that quotation marks should be used is when using the title of a chapter. If you are citing a specific chapter of a book, you would enclose the title of the chapter in quotation marks, and the title of the book should be in italics.

The desperation and sadness of a man on death row can be seen in the “Wild Wind Blowing” chapter of Norman Mailer’s  The Executioner’s Song. 

Short Stories

Short stories are another case. Much like the title of a chapter or poem, in which the title is placed in quotation marks, while the title of the book or collection it is found in is italics. The same can be said for sections, stories, or chapters cited within a literary journal.

Stepping away from his norm of horror and gore, Stephen King writes of trust, love, and regret in his story “The Last Rung on the Ladder,” which can be found in his short story collection  Night Shift. 

Punctuation Marks

If you are citing a story or title that includes question marks, you need to make sure to italicize the question mark when citing. Keep all punctuation, such as a question mark, comma, ellipses, colon, or exclamation mark, as it is in the original individual books.

If you want a funny and irreverent read, you’ve got to try  Are You There, Vodka? It’s Me, Chelsea.  Chelsea Handler has done a phenomenal job of being vulgar, relatable, and explaining life from her viewpoint in this hilarious and memorable book.

The Digital Age: Are Book Titles Underlined Anymore?

MLA style used to dictate that a book title should either be in italics or underlined. However, that is no longer the case. As computers started to take over as the major tool used in writing, it became unpopular to underline book titles. Therefore, this rule was dropped from the style guides.

However, it should be mentioned that when handwriting an essay or research paper, many instructors prefer that you underline book titles, as it’s relatively difficult to handwrite italics. If you are in a writing course or a class that is heavy on handwritten work, be sure to ask your instructor or teacher which method they prefer for citing a book title.

How to Come Up with Book Title Ideas

Now that quotation marks, italics, and style guides have been discussed, let’s move on to how you can come up with your own book title. If you’d like a title for your book that sounds interesting and will get a reader’s attention, you may find this article helpful.

Coming up with a good title for your book is a challenging yet essential marketing decision . The right title can make your target audience choose your new book off of the shelf instead of another writer’s work. Your book cover and your book title are quite possibly the most important marketing decisions you will make.

How to Choose a Good Book Title

Certain criteria should be met if you want to have a good book title , and there are specific steps involved in getting there. You may have assumed up until now that titles of books were just spur of the moment decisions made by authors or publishers, but a lot of work goes into writing good titles.

Grab the Reader’s Attention

As a general rule, you want your reader to remember your title and to sound interesting, even without the reader having seen the cover. There are several ways to do this. You can be a little dark with your title, be controversial, provoke the reader, or even be funny.

There are many examples of such works that use memorable and attention-seeking titles. The following are some different titles that are effective and would most likely provoke a reader to grab them from a shelf for closer inspection.

• Burn After Writing (Sharon Jones)
• Love in the Time of Cholera (Gabriel Garcia Marquez)
• Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? (Mindy Kaling)
• Are You There, Vodka? It’s Me, Chelsea (Chelsea Handler)
• The Devil Wears Prada (Lauren Weisberger)
• Chicken Soup for the Soul (various authors)
• God Bless You, Dr. Kevorkian (Kurt Vonnegut)

Shorter Titles

If your full title for your book is long, you may end up boring a reader or creating a situation where a reader tries to remember the title of your book, but it’s too long and ends up getting it confused with another book. Although you should always do your best to make sure that there aren’t books by other authors that share a title or have a title similar to your book (more on that in a minute), you don’t want a person to get confused and get the wrong book instead.

Research Your Title Ideas

It’s a good idea to take the titles you have considered for your book and make a list. Then, do your homework. You can use tools like Google Adwords to test out your title to see if there are others like it, or you can simply use any search engine and plug your title ideas into the search bar and see what similar or exact titles of the same words pop up.

Readers are generally busy people. They don’t have the time or the energy to ensure that writers get a title right. They’ll look for the book they are interested in, and if it proves to be too difficult, or if there are other books written that have the same title, they’ll move on to something else.

A writer really has to make sure that they have a title that isn’t going to be ignored, is interesting, isn’t too long, and isn’t too similar to other works.

The same goes for titles of short works within a larger body of work. Short works, like poems or stories, need to have unique titles as well when included in a larger body of work, such as a collection. If stories are similar in nature, be sure to title them differently so that readers will be able to tell them apart, as well.

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How to Refer to Book Titles in Writing: Best Approaches

My name is Debbie, and I am passionate about developing a love for the written word and planting a seed that will grow into a powerful voice that can inspire many.

Different Approaches to Referring to Book Titles in Writing

Using italics and quotation marks: when to choose each option, guidelines for capitalization in book titles: navigating the rules, capitalization guidelines for book titles: navigating the rules, punctuation rules for book titles in writing: names, colons, and more, importance of consistency in referring to book titles: avoiding confusion, styling book titles in academic writing: mla, apa, and chicago styles, referencing book titles in digital content: hyperlinks and accessibility considerations, frequently asked questions, concluding remarks.

When it comes to referring to book titles in writing, there are several different approaches you can take. It’s important to use the appropriate format for each style you choose, as this enhances the readability and professionalism of your writing. Here are some of the most common strategies:

1. Italics: One popular approach is to italicize book titles. This is commonly seen in academic writing, newspaper articles, and magazine features. By using italics, you can clearly distinguish the title from the rest of the text and give it a prominent visual presence. For example, *The Great Gatsby* by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an exemplary portrayal of the Roaring Twenties.

2. Quotation marks: Another method is to enclose book titles in quotation marks. This style is often employed in informal writing, such as blog posts, social media updates , and personal letters. Quotation marks draw attention to the title and indicate that it’s a distinct entity within the text. For instance, “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee explores the theme of racial injustice in a small Southern town during the 1930s.

By choosing the most suitable approach, whether it’s italics or quotation marks, you can effectively refer to book titles in your writing and convey the intended message to your readers. It’s important to remain consistent with the chosen style throughout your work to maintain clarity and professionalism.

When it comes to emphasizing words or phrases, writers often face a dilemma: should they use italics or quotation marks? Both options play a crucial role in enhancing the clarity and impact of your writing, but understanding when to use each can make a significant difference in conveying your message effectively. Let’s delve into the instances where you should choose italics or quotation marks, and how they can add value to your written work:

Italics are primarily used to provide emphasis or highlight key terms. By slanting the text slightly, italics can grab the reader’s attention and help convey the intended meaning with added weight. Here are a few scenarios where italics should be your go-to choice: – When introducing a new or technical term that may be unfamiliar to readers: For example, “The **medial collateral ligament** stabilizes the knee joint.” By italicizing the term, you immediately draw attention to its significance. – When referencing titles of larger bodies of work, such as books, films, or television shows: For instance, “I just finished reading **The Great Gatsby**, and it was an enchanting experience.” By italicizing the title, you signal to the reader that it is a distinct work deserving special attention. – When emphasizing words within a sentence: For instance, “The sun was **blinding** as it reflected off the water.” By italicizing the word “blinding,” you create a visual impact, making it stand out among the other words in the sentence.

On the other hand, quotation marks serve a different purpose – they are typically used to enclose direct quotes, dialogues, or shorter works. Here are a few instances where quotation marks can be your preferred choice: – When quoting someone directly: For example, “As Albert Einstein famously said, ‘Imagination is more important than knowledge.'” By using quotation marks, you indicate that those words are exactly what Einstein said. – When denoting dialogues in narratives or plays: For instance, “He turned to his friend and said, ‘I cannot believe it’s already late.'” By enclosing the dialogue in quotation marks, you create a clear distinction between the characters’ spoken words and the narrative text. – When discussing specific words or phrases: For example, “The word ‘surreal’ perfectly describes the experience of walking through an art museum.” By using quotation marks, you give extra emphasis to the word “surreal,” emphasizing its significance to the sentence.

When it comes to book titles, determining which words should be capitalized can sometimes feel like trying to solve a complicated puzzle. To assist you in this linguistic labyrinth, we’ve compiled a set of guidelines to help you navigate the tricky rules of capitalization. These guidelines will ensure that your book title garners attention and represents your work in the most professional and accurate manner.

To begin with, it’s important to remember that the capitalization rules for book titles primarily depend on the specific style guide you follow, such as the Chicago Manual of Style or the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook . However, there are a few general principles that can serve as a solid starting point:

• Always capitalize the first and last words: Regardless of the style guide you adhere to, the first and last words of your book title should always begin with a capital letter. This rule helps distinguish the title from normal sentence structure and emphasizes its significance.
• Capitalize all major words: The next step is to capitalize all major words in your book title, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions. Minor words like articles (e.g., “the,” “a”) and prepositions (e.g., “in,” “of”) are typically not capitalized, unless they are the first or last word of the title.
• Italicize or use quotation marks: Alongside capitalization, you may also need to incorporate formatting elements into your book title. In general, italics are used for book titles when writing them within the text, while quotation marks are employed in citations or references.

By keeping these guidelines in mind while crafting your book title, you will be better equipped to overcome the challenges of capitalization. Remember, ensuring the accurate capitalization of your title not only reflects your attention to detail but also helps captivate potential readers, making your book stand out on the shelves and in the digital realm.

When it comes to punctuating book titles, a few simple rules can help you navigate the sometimes confusing waters of grammar. Understanding how to correctly punctuate the names of books can enhance the professionalism and clarity of your writing. Here are some key guidelines to keep in mind:

• Italicize or underline: In both formal and informal writing, book titles should be italicized or underlined to distinguish them from the surrounding text. This helps to make them stand out and ensures consistency throughout your writing.
• Use colons for subtitles: If a book has a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon. This helps to provide additional context or information about the book. For example, “The Art of Storytelling: Crafting Compelling Narratives.”
• Omit punctuation within titles: In most cases, avoid using punctuation marks like commas or periods within book titles. Exceptions include when the punctuation is part of the original title, such as in “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” where the apostrophe is necessary.

By following these punctuation rules, you can ensure your book titles are correctly formatted and easily understood by your readers. Proper punctuation not only adds professionalism to your writing but also helps to convey your ideas effectively. Remember to italicize or underline titles, use colons for subtitles, and be mindful of punctuation within titles. With these guidelines in mind, you’ll be well on your way to mastering the art of punctuating book titles!

Consistency plays a crucial role when it comes to referring to book titles. By maintaining a consistent approach, we can avoid various forms of confusion and ensure clarity in our discussions and writings. Here are a few compelling reasons why consistency is of utmost importance:

• Eliminates ambiguity: Consistently referring to book titles in the same manner helps eliminate any ambiguity or uncertainty. A reader should be able to understand exactly which book is being discussed, without any confusion arising from inconsistent referencing.
• Enhances professionalism: Consistency in book title referencing demonstrates a level of professionalism and attention to detail in your work. It shows that you value accuracy and precision, making your writing more credible and reliable.
• Facilitates effective communication: When everyone involved in a discussion or project adheres to a consistent approach in referring to book titles, it becomes much easier to communicate and exchange ideas. This consistency allows for a smoother flow of information and better understanding among team members.

Remember, maintaining consistency in the format, capitalization, and punctuation of book titles is a small yet impactful way to ensure that your message is conveyed in the clearest possible manner. By prioritizing consistency, you can avoid any unnecessary confusion, enhance the quality of your work, and facilitate effective communication with your audience.

In academic writing, the styling of book titles is crucial as it helps convey essential information about the sources used. In this post section, we will explore the specific formatting guidelines for book titles in three prominent academic writing styles: MLA, APA, and Chicago. Each style follows a unique set of rules, so understanding how to properly style book titles is essential to maintain consistency and accuracy in your research.

MLA (Modern Language Association) style emphasizes the use of italics when citing book titles. According to MLA guidelines, the book title should be italicized in both in-text citations and the Works Cited page. However, if you are unable to format the text in italics, you may use quotation marks instead. It is important to note that smaller works, such as articles or essays, should be enclosed in quotation marks within the larger work.

On the other hand, APA (American Psychological Association) style takes a slightly different approach when styling book titles. In APA, book titles are only italicized in the reference list, both for in-text citations and the full bibliographic entry. Additionally, APA does not use quotation marks for book titles, except for titles of chapters or sections within a book. In this case, the chapter or section title should be written in sentence case and enclosed in quotation marks. Remember to consult a style guide or APA manual for further details and exceptions.

Moving on to Chicago style, it offers two different formatting options for book titles: italics or underlining. Both in-text citations and the bibliography follow the same formatting rules. Either italicizing the book title or underlining it is acceptable, but you should choose one method and consistently follow it throughout your entire paper. Keep in mind that Chicago style does not use quotation marks for book titles unless they are part of a larger work or mentioned within the text.

In the digital age, referencing book titles in online content has become a vital aspect of creating informative and engaging material. Hyperlinks provide a convenient way to direct readers to the books being referenced, allowing them to easily access further information or make a purchase. However, it is crucial to consider accessibility when incorporating hyperlinks to ensure everyone has equal opportunities to explore the suggested books.

When referencing book titles in digital content, using hyperlinks provides a seamless user experience. By embedding clickable links within the text, readers can effortlessly navigate to external sources such as online bookstores or websites offering more details about the referenced book. Hyperlinks can be created using HTML code, for example, Book Title , where the URL within the href attribute points to the specific webpage related to the book. This straightforward approach keeps the flow of the content intact while enhancing its functionality.

While hyperlinks are a powerful tool, considerations for accessibility should not be overlooked. Ensuring that all individuals, including those with disabilities, can access and benefit from the content is paramount. Here are some key accessibility considerations when referencing book titles in digital content:

– Use clear and descriptive link text: Instead of using generic phrases like “click here,” opt for link text that accurately represents the book title. This enables individuals who rely on screen readers or other assistive technologies to understand the context of the link. – Provide alternative text for images: If book covers or related images are used as hyperlinks, include descriptive alt text that conveys the purpose of the image. This allows visually impaired individuals to comprehend the content even without seeing the images. – Test for keyboard accessibility: Ensure that all links can be accessed and activated using a keyboard alone. Some individuals may navigate the web solely through keyboard input, requiring the ability to interact with hyperlinks without relying on a mouse.

By incorporating hyperlinks into digital content and considering accessibility, referencing book titles becomes an interactive experience that enriches readers’ engagement while providing equal access for all.

Q: What is the correct way to refer to book titles in writing? A: When writing about book titles, it is important to follow certain guidelines to ensure accurate and consistent formatting. The general rule is to italicize the titles of standalone books and use quotation marks for shorter works, such as poems or chapters.

Q: Can you provide examples of standalone books? A: Certainly! Standalone books include novels, non-fiction books, anthologies, and reference books. For instance, “To Kill a Mockingbird,” “1984,” “Pride and Prejudice,” and “Moby-Dick” are all examples of standalone book titles that should be italicized when referenced in writing.

Q: How about shorter works? How should their titles be referred to? A: Titles of shorter works, like poems, short stories, essays, or chapters, should be placed within quotation marks. Examples of these include “The Road Not Taken” (poem), “The Tell-Tale Heart” (short story), “Self-Reliance” (essay), or “Chapter 2: The Experiment” (chapter within a book).

Q: Are there any exceptions to these rules? A: Yes, there are a few exceptions. The first exception is when using italics or quotation marks would be impractical, such as in handwritten notes or when using a typewriter. In these cases, underlining can be used instead of italics, and quotation marks are still appropriate for shorter works.

Q: What if a book title is part of a larger work, like a series? A: If you are referring to a specific title within a larger work or series, such as a book in the Harry Potter series or a novel in a trilogy, it is important to italicize or underline the title of the book, while placing the overall series title in quotation marks. For example, “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” (book title) is part of the “Harry Potter” (series title) series.

Q: Should subtitles be italicized or placed in quotation marks? A: Subtitles should follow the same formatting as the main title. If the main title is in italics, the subtitle should also be in italics. If the main title is in quotation marks, the subtitle should follow suit.

Q: What about referencing book titles in academic papers or formal writing? A: In formal writing, including academic papers or published works, it is best to follow the guidelines set by the specific style guide being used, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. These style guides provide detailed instructions on how to format and cite book titles among other elements in written works.

Q: Are there any common mistakes to avoid when referring to book titles? A: One common mistake is forgetting to use italics or quotation marks altogether. Titles should not be written in plain text without any formatting. Additionally, avoid capitalizing every word in a title, unless they are proper nouns or adjectives. It’s important to maintain consistency in formatting when referring to book titles in writing.

Q: Is there any additional advice you can provide on this topic? A: Yes, it’s always best to consult the style guide relevant to your writing or publication to ensure accurate and consistent formatting. Remember, correctly formatted book titles not only enhance the overall professionalism of your writing but also demonstrate your attention to detail.

Overall, there are various approaches to referring to book titles in writing. Whether using italics, quotation marks, or underlining, consistency is key for clear and effective communication.

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