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G20 Contribution to the 2030 Agenda

October 11, 2019.

As the world's premier forum for international economic co-operation, the G20 plays a critical role in helping to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Based on robust evidence and available data, this report examines how the G20's contributions to the global goals across key sectors are already making a difference, while also suggesting where it could go further in leading by example to support the global goals.

Collectively, G20 members account for around 85% of global gross domestic product, 75% of world trade and 80% of global carbon dioxide emissions – to name just a few areas of the G20's influence. This report, commissioned by the Government of Japan in support of its 2019 G20 Presidency, takes stock of the G20's progress to date against its Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

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The G20 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: How to Strengthen Policy Coherence and Accountability

by Marianne Beisheim

The next G20 Summit will take place in Hamburg on 7/8 July 2017. Under the Chinese Presidency, the G20 adopted the Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at the 2016 Summit in Hangzhou. The 2030 Agenda had been signed by heads of state and government during the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2015. The German Presidency is now planning a ‘Hamburg update’ of the G20 Action Plan. What kinds of contributions from G20 countries could boost the implementation of the ambitious 2030 Agenda? How can the G20 and UN processes be meaningfully linked, particularly with regard to policy coherence and accountability measures?

The G20 calls itself the “central forum for international cooperation on financial and economic issues” of “leading industrial and emerging countries”. Research contributions ascribe this form of club governance with being able to act faster and more effectively. Compared to multilateral organizations, like the UN, such clubs have a limited number of members, work on specific issues and are more flexible because they are less institutionalized. Accordingly, the G20 should be able to act as a pioneer, mainly by means of ambitious plurilateral commitments. Thus, the G20 could scout political solutions and mobilize financial resources or other capacities.

The G20 Action Plan on Sustainable Development

In the introduction to the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2016, the G20 states declare their intention to align their work with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The G20 is comprised of the 19 major industrialized and emerging economies plus the European Union. These are unquestionably important actors when it comes to achieving sustainable development. Together, they represent not only nearly two-thirds of the world’s population but also four-fifths of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP) and three-quarters of world trade, as well as around 80% of global CO2 emissions.

In the Action Plan, the G20 has announced it wants to produce added value, in particular, where it can do so well as a global forum for economic cooperation, that is, by helping to adjust the macro-economic framework, thereby creating a global enabling environment for sustainable development.

Unfortunately, this guiding principle does not feature sufficiently in the rest of the Action Plan. The G20 outlines for 15 Sustainable Development Sectors – such as growth, trade, investment, or infrastructure development – what contributions and measures it wants to achieve or is already achieving collectively and individually. It is not always clear, however, to what extent the existing G20 strategies and commitments listed for each of the sectors promote a transformation towards sustainability or whether a corresponding revision has at least been planned. Furthermore, commitments should not solely focus on the G20’s development policies, but also on implementing the 2030 Agenda in the G20 countries themselves.

Moreover, the G20 Action Plan drafted under the leadership of the Chinese Presidency largely emphasizes innovation, industrial revolution, and technological solutions. Profound political and structural reforms are not the centre of attention. However, to achieve the transformation aimed at in the 2030 Agenda, the G20 would need to establish regulatory governance with which conflicting objectives and trade-offs between the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development can be dealt with in a more balanced way than they have been to date.

Improving Policy Coherence

It is to be welcomed that the Action Plan has been created as a ‘living document’, a document that each G20 Presidency can and should continue to further develop. With regard to the G20’s collective efforts, the German Presidency should ensure that all G20 strategies and commitments are checked for coherency with the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. To achieve this, each G20 process could integrate a systematic sustainability check into its workflow. The main focus should primarily be on aligning the rules for the world economy, both for the financial markets and for international trade. Precisely because the UN is not in a good position to tackle these policy areas, the G20 could generate genuine added value through its activities. After all, macroeconomic policies constitute a crucial framework for the implementation of almost all the SDGs.

To achieve this coherence, the G20’s Framework for Growth Working Group, for example, would need to revise the Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth. In its 2016 Accountability Assessment, sustainable growth is equated with sustained growth. However, upholding the principle of growth alone and fostering deregulation and private sector participation for this, will not lead to the desired transformation towards sustainable development. While the assessment at least addresses the social dimension of sustainability (albeit not in the sense of human rights’ obligations), the ecological dimension only appears in a single sentence and this merely as an option for structural reforms.

The G20 Accountability Mechanism

In 2010, the G20 agreed on its development programme and set up the Development Working Group (DWG). Since 2012, it has also been discussing an accountability framework for its development policy commitments which it formally adopted in 2014. Every three years, the DWG is expected to compile a Comprehensive Accountability Report, supplemented by Annual Progress Reports. The annual reports are presented to the Sherpas and the main reports also to the heads of state and government. To date, two Progress Reports (2014, 2015) and two Comprehensive Accountability Reports (2013, 2016) have been published. Since 2013, the process has been supported by the DWG Accountability Steering Committee (ASC) which also advises on how the accountability mechanism could be further developed.

Given the reasoning of the G20 Action Plan, future accountability reports on the collective efforts of the G20 can no longer solely follow-up the G20’s development commitments, but will inclusively and coherently have to take into account all relevant policies for sustainable development. Consequently, the reports would need to be based on input and feedback from all relevant G20 processes and workgroups. Looking at the list of the G20 working groups – agriculture, anti-corruption, development, employment, the framework for growth, financial inclusion, green finance, health, international financial architecture, sustainability/energy and climate, trade and investment, digital economy – it is clear that they are all relevant and thus should align their work with the 2030 Agenda and its transformative goals. Accordingly, Sherpas and G20 working groups need to take responsibility in their respective policy areas for both the implementation and reporting on progress. This applies not only to the working groups of the Sherpa track but also to those of the Finance track with its focus on finance and growth, investment and infrastructure.

The mandate formulated in Annex A of the Action Plan, therefore, gives the DWG the task of comprehensive coordination which goes far beyond its previous mandate. Accordingly, in its Action Plan and 2016 Hangzhou Comprehensive Accountability Report, the G20 calls for an effective division of labour between the various G20 processes, including “two-way exchanges of information”. To effectively spur action, the G20 needs to provide stronger political guidance and incentives. In addition to creating efficient formats for cooperation, it is also worth considering reorganizing the working groups. Given its expanded mandate and its new coordination role, the DWG could rename itself the SDWG.

Implementation in the G20 Countries

Annex B of the Action Plan contains country reports in which G20 states, on a voluntary basis, showcase their individual national actions for implementing the 2030 Agenda. These reports are, so far, rather brief and, correspondingly, their informative value is limited. The reports do not allow for the intended mutual learning and knowledge sharing, nor do they provide a solid basis for mutual accountability. For this, the reports would have to offer more analytical depth. At least even those countries critical of reporting have delivered. Currently, however, it is not clear whether and how the G20 intends to proceed with the country reports.

In any case, it would not make sense to duplicate the voluntary national reviews (VNRs) at the annual UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF). Instead, the German G20 Presidency should work to convince all G20 countries to actively participate in the HLPF-VNRs by 2018 and to do so three times by 2030. However, some G20 members are not very ambitious on this issue. Seven G20 countries have not yet registered for the HLPF-VNRs (Australia, Canada, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, UK and US). Therefore, it will be difficult to enshrine such a commitment in the final declaration which must be agreed by consensus. However, a loose coupling of the G20 and UN processes could help, not only make reporting complementary but also implement the 2030 Agenda coherently.

The G20 should continue to use country reports to better follow-up national-level implementation of its G20 Action Plan. The DWG Accountability Steering Committee could draft appropriate guidelines. These should make sure the country reports focus on G20 core issues. Macro-economic measures that take into account the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development should take centre stage. In the guidelines, the G20 countries could also be called upon to address problems and trade-offs in their reports, especially if these might also be relevant to other countries. By no means should the reports focus solely on the development cooperation of G20 countries, while crossborder effects of national policies should always be taken into consideration.

Working with Reports

Finally, it is necessary that the G20 works with its reports – and does so continuously across the changing Presidencies. One option would be regular peer dialogues on the findings of the reports. These should take place at the leadership level as the Sherpas are best placed to pay attention to policy coordination and coherence across relevant G20 work streams.

More detailed peer reviews could be implemented on selected topics. They could be modelled along the voluntary peer review on rationalizing and phasing out inefficient fossil fuels subsidies which the G20 established in 2013. The first countries to volunteer for this mutual peer review were the US and China, other countries intend to follow. The results were discussed at the G20 Summit in 2016 and the findings have been praised by many observers as useful.

Following the mandate of the DWG and the Comprehensive Accountability Report, such peer dialogues and reviews should also take into account the views of non-G20 countries and other stakeholders. Already, guests like for example representatives of regional organisations and societal stakeholders are involved in the process of preparing the G20 Summit. Dialogue forums, such as the Business20, Labour20, Civil20, Women20, Youth20, Science20 and Think20, were set up in response to criticism of the limited participation, transparency and legitimacy of the G20. The G20 could attach even greater importance to these dialogues if they were also to give stakeholders the opportunity to comment on the G20’s accountability reports. Stakeholders could be invited to also present the findings of their own reports; the University of Toronto, for example, regularly compiles a compliance report on selected measures that G20 states have committed themselves to.

On its website the German Presidency confirms: “The G20 has pledged to go out in front and set a positive example”. And this is what we expect from club governance. In the end, however, some concern born of realpolitik scepticism: Is the G20 currently in a position to act as a pioneer club and deliver an ambitious ‘Hamburg update’ of its Action Plan? Why should Trump or Putin, Modi or Erdoğan support progressive positions at the G20?

One advantage of the G20 club is its greater peer pressure. Together with an alliance of the willing the German Presidency could clarify: A joint declaration and action plan that only represent a minimal consensus, dictated by national self-interests, will not allow the G20 to lead in realising the goals of “Transforming our World” (the title of the 2030 Agenda) agreed by all heads of state and government in 2015.

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Driving sustainable and inclusive growth in G20 economies

The desire for human progress fueled by sustainable and inclusive growth represents a widely shared aim, one that increasingly informs the agendas of G20 economies. Tremendous advances over the past half century have succeeded in raising living standards worldwide. More recently, global efforts are increasingly focused on the urgent need to combat climate change.

However, several trends across G20 economies underscore the need for greater action on both fronts. These include slower global growth, technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), whose promised productivity gains may be offset by significant labor displacement, and net-zero goals that remain elusive despite global commitments made under the 2015 Paris Agreement.

This research examines what it would take for G20 economies to deliver on two bold aspirations by 2030: making progress toward raising minimum living standards even further across the globe and accelerating low-emissions investments to get on track to meet 2050 net-zero commitments. This report is a companion piece that draws on the concepts and analysis developed in a McKinsey Global Institute report, From poverty to empowerment: Raising the bar for sustainable and inclusive growth , which offers a more comprehensive perspective on these challenges for the entire global economy.

What it would take to close economic empowerment gaps in the G20

While considerable progress has been made toward eliminating extreme poverty, development literature has argued for a higher bar that addresses the challenge of sufficiency more holistically, enabling billions of people to realize more of their potential. Based on this concept, we define " economic empowerment " in our research as people having the means to meet the full range of essential needs and begin attaining economic security. Based on our analysis, more than half the population of G20 countries—about 2.6 billion people—live below this economic empowerment line.

The greatest proportion of people living below the economic empowerment line, measured as a share of total national population, live in India and South Africa (more than 75 percent), followed by Indonesia, Mexico, Brazil, and China (more than 50 percent). Even in the more advanced economies of Europe and North America, 20 to 30 percent of the population lives below the empowerment line (Exhibit 1). (Empowerment is a per-person measure. Families that combine their resources have better prospects for meeting their basic needs than individuals living alone.)

Establishing the empowerment line makes it possible to determine each country’s empowerment gap—the percentage of the population in each country whose consumption falls short of self-sufficiency—and the dollar amount needed to bridge that gap.

Our analysis suggests that closing the empowerment gap in G20 economies would require a cumulative increase in spending on essentials of $21 trillion by 2030. Our model assumes a gradual ramp-up each year, but if the increase were spread evenly, it would total approximately $2 trillion per year. This average increase represents approximately 30 percent of 2020 levels of spending after current government transfers.

Low-emissions investment will need to ramp up swiftly by 2030 to put the G20 on the path to net zero

To achieve the second aspiration, getting on track to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, our analysis suggests G20 economies would need to invest upwards of an additional $35 trillion this decade.

A broad range of global decarbonization efforts are currently underway and yielding tangible results. By 2019, the global average of CO 2 emissions per capita had fallen to 2010 levels of 4.8 metric tons. However, the current decade is a critical one since CO 2 emissions will need to plunge by roughly 50 percent by 2030 to reach net zero by 2050. To achieve that goal, much of the investment needed to transition to a low-emissions economy must be made upfront to successfully transform the world’s energy and land-use systems.

The reductions in CO 2 emissions needed to reach net zero varies by country and region, with the greatest cuts needed among high-income economies, followed by upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries. Within the G20, Argentina, China, and Mexico need to make the largest cuts in emissions among upper-middle-income countries, while Germany, Canada, Japan, Australia, and the United States lead the pack among high-income countries (Exhibit 2).

Our analysis indicates G20 economies currently emit approximately 31 Gigatons of CO 2 annually and need to be halfway to net zero by the end of this decade.

Economic growth and business-led innovation can close about half of the G20’s empowerment and net-zero gaps

In our analysis, economic growth and increased business innovation will be critical factors for all G20 economies, regardless of income level. These two levers could account for approximately 80 percent of the efforts to close the empowerment gap, as well as 35 percent of the increased net-zero investment (Exhibit 3).

Growth represents the single most important driver for boosting inclusion and accounts for half of the total needed to achieve spending goals by 2030. Baseline growth accelerated by additional business-led innovation can provide 80 percent of the resources needed to meet empowerment goals. (Our growth-impact calculations are based on estimates of how current empowerment and net-zero spending would increase proportionately.)

Besides boosting baseline growth, additional productivity can help address empowerment gaps by lifting incomes, training workers for more productive and better-paying jobs and supporting higher transfers. Growth can also help address the net-zero gap by creating additional financing capacity, spurring reductions in technological costs, making low-emissions alternatives more cost-competitive, and enabling incremental public support in areas too challenging for markets to finance on their own.

Even after accounting for economic growth and greater business innovation, residual economic gaps remain. Each country faces unique disparities, depending on its current development challenges, prospects for economic growth, and the carbon-intensity levels of its economies.

A range of levers beyond market forces and government policies could help close these gaps. Societies need to consider significantly greater public-private commitment and collaboration, new incentives, and even bolder innovation possibilities.

G20 countries finding ways to bridge inclusion and sustainability gaps can learn from one another

Successful efforts by G20 countries to close the empowerment and net-zero investment gaps are gaining momentum, and the full version of the report describes some of them. In terms of empowerment, these efforts include training workers to improve productivity and income growth, as well as increasing the availability of affordable housing. Other promising initiatives focus on improving nutrition, access to quality healthcare, and the availability of good schools.

Promising examples exist at all levels, including national, regional, and local initiatives. These include a job-matching program in Ohio that helped attract more than 500 new companies to the state and created more than 210,000 new jobs between 2011 and 2020. More broadly, India's national digital ID program helped improve financial inclusion and increased transparency in the delivery of government subsidies. As a result, more than 94 percent of India’s population is now documented, granting more than 460 million people access to the banking system for the first time--including more than 260 million women.

In terms of affordable housing, Vienna’s historic social housing program and Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway both adopted a long-term, land value capture model that significantly increased mobility and improved access to affordable housing. Meanwhile, both China and Brazil have implemented successful programs. China’s “Grain for Green” afforestation program provides grains, cash, and other incentives to farmers who convert their land back to forest, alleviating poverty and helping the environment by improving soil quality and reducing erosion. In Brazil, the “Bolsa Familia” anti-poverty program uses conditional cash transfers to reduce poverty and provide free education to some 13 million families.

To accomplish these ambitious net-zero goals, economies and companies must rapidly scale burgeoning technologies to move away from fossil fuels, retire carbon-heavy assets such as coal-burning plants, and adopt lower-emissions technologies in challenging sectors such as cement and steel. Our analysis finds that in China, Europe, and the United States, between 20 and 30 percent of the net-zero investment needed in the power sector and 40 percent in mobility is already viable, or will be soon given rates of technological advancement.

Progress in some areas is already quantifiable, as in electrical vehicle (EV) sales, which have been increasing rapidly in recent years. With new supply chains producing batteries and a wider array of models hitting the market, EVs are beginning to compete with internal combustion vehicles on price. In the power generation sector, hydropower has been an established technology for decades (already providing more than 40 percent of electricity in Latin America, for instance), and it will remain an important investment lever going forward.

Growth, technology, and finance will play a central role in eliminating empowerment and net zero gaps in G20 countries

Learnings from G20 economies underscore the central role for growth, technology, and finance in closing the empowerment gap and boosting net-zero investment.

New high-growth opportunities across sectors, from healthcare to renewables, can fuel long-term economic growth to drive progress toward empowerment and net-zero goals. These opportunities range from clean technologies and manufacturing (including EVs and batteries) to next-generation healthcare services that focus on preventive care, synthetic biology, and gene therapy. Cities offer opportunities as well, as modern construction methods make housing and mass transit greener and more resilient.

Technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robust broadband access offer positive, cross-cutting impacts on the productivity of large, small, and micro enterprises, and make public services more efficient. For businesses, broadband opens the door to new and innovative technologies that can improve operational efficiency and scale up new offerings. For governments, broadband increases the efficiency of administrative interactions with citizens, facilitates the digitization of healthcare systems, and enhances distance learning opportunities, among other benefits.

Thoughtful efforts will be needed to ensure a sufficient supply of capital across economies and sectors to scale initiatives and drive innovation. This need for capital is greatest in poorer countries, where levels of investment needed to close empowerment and net-zero gaps remain substantial. Despite some commitments by advanced economies to help accelerate decarbonization in developing countries, the methods and mechanisms of this financing are evolving and will be pivotal in scaling up priority projects. Private capital can help support viable projects, while less bankable ones could potentially be supported by blended finance to catalyze additional private funding.

Several key questions remain unanswered by G20 members. Among them:

• What efforts could be made to bring down capital costs of net-zero technologies and increase cost competitiveness relative to fossil fuel alternatives?
• What more can be done to boost the flow of capital from advanced to emerging economies to close empowerment and net-zero investment gaps?
• Is there an appetite for new types of financial instruments linked to sustainability and inclusion goals?
• Given the essential role of economic growth, could greater incentives help boost productivity and raise workforce skills in G20 countries?
• Could more be done to foster global carbon markets to help meet net-zero goals?

We hope this research helps spur greater collaboration and innovation among G20 business leaders and policymakers as they strive to scale promising opportunities and push new frontiers of innovation. We plan on returning to many of these topics in the future.

Abhishek Ahuja is a partner in McKinsey’s New Delhi office, where Rajat Dhawan and Amit Khera are senior partners; and Anu Madgavkar is a partner at MGI and is based in McKinsey’s New Jersey office.

The authors wish to thank Rebecca J. Anderson and Shubham Prakhar for their contributions to this report.

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Related articles.

From poverty to empowerment: Raising the bar for sustainable and inclusive growth

What is net zero?

The net-zero transition: What it would cost, what it could bring

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India’s G20 Presidency - A shorter path to fulfill SDGs amidst the climate change

The article is authored by Shilpa S, associate, Centre for Public Policy Research.

December 2022 witnessed a major breakthrough for India in the contemporary global scenario as India assumed the G20 presidency for the very first time. Since 2021, India has been an active player in the troika (a group of the current, previous and incoming presidencies) along to ensure consistency and continuity in the G20 Agenda.

India’s presidency will not be a mere transition of roles, rather a leap forward to fulfilling leadership roles among the emerging economies in the G20, which already constitutes 80% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and two thirds of the world population. While our focus regions and priorities during the presidency is getting shaped, the themes of sustainable growth and inclusivity is a focus area, especially in the backdrop of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which must be attained by 2030. Also, accelerating theSDGs is one among the seven selected task forces during India’s presidency.

Even in the past, inclusive and sustainable growth has been a part of the Indian government agenda; the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) focussed on inclusive growth. As a continuum to various steps taken for sustainability and inclusivity, the Union Budget 2022 also charted out the development plan for the next 25 years termed as ‘India’s Amritkaal’ to move towards a futuristic, prosperous, inclusive and developed society, distinguished by a human-centric approach at its core.

In this context, India’s G20 presidency can expedite our commitments to various SDGs, the efforts for which have already been initiated by the government holistically. During India’s presidency, the G20 troika will be constituted by the promising trio of India, Brazil and Indonesia with immense potential to balance mutual growth interests while also continuing the G20 Agenda. Being the fastest economies of the world, the trio can work for eradication of poverty, ensuring health and well-being in the region to fulfil SDG 1, 2 and 3 (No poverty, hunger and ensuring good health). However, the path to progress in the midst of rising temperatures and shifting climate patterns is not easy.

According to the World Bank, parts of South Asia have become significantly drier since the 1970s with an increased number of drought events. Crop yields are also expected to fall significantly by the 2040s in the region. For a monsoon fed agricultural economy like India, this can significantly affect income and food security with spill-over effects on good health and wellbeing. Thus, technology led models such as increased focus on research and development (R&D) in climate resilient cropping and organic farming techniques, development of drought-resistant crops, scientific assistance to farmers etc is the need of the hour. Such measures will reinstate our goal for the first three SDGs while also paving the way for SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).

The rise of neglected tropical diseases and spill-over of zoonotics to human beings is another health challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns of potential rise in disease outbreaks as the rising temperatures provide a conducive ground for infectious vectors to thrive. In the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic, there have been collaborative efforts to fight the health crises through various initiatives such as supply of oxygen concentrators, humanitarian assistance through Vaccine Maitri programme led by India. As a president to the club, India can lobby with the major economies to fulfil the rising demand for a pandemic treaty. The government could also work towards institutional reformation in WHO, our health watchdog to bring in more transparency and inclusivity in its functioning. Also, India and Brazil’s troika grouping will boost their existing efforts for UNSC reforms in G4 club. Multilateral reforms like these will cater to the fulfilment of SDG16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) in the long run.

Also, the IPCC 6th assessment report has warned of catastrophic climatic events that are set to affect the Indian landscape in the form of sea level rise, urban flooding and heatwave events. Fishermen communities along India’s 7,500 km coastline are highly susceptible to the annual vagaries of climate change in the form of frequent tropical cyclones, cloud burst events and reduced fish yield.

In this light, the presidency role must be utilised to extend the reach of Indian led initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). In the first summit of International Solar Alliance in 2018, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi mooted the idea of “One Sun, One World, One Grid” (OSOWOG), to build a global green energy grid in partnership with the Green Grid Initiative (GGI) of the United Kingdom. The upcoming presidency tenure will open up the G20 club for India to assume leadership roles for realising the mandate of OSOWOG, thus paving paths for the fulfilment of SDG 7 ( affordable and clean energy).

Forest and bush fires aren't uncommon in the backdrop of a changing climate. There have been devastating fire events in Australia, Indonesia and in the Amazon forests in Brazil. These were triggered by causes such as rising temperatures, effect of El Nino clubbed with anthropogenic land use changes. Mutual vulnerabilities offer scope for collective mitigation in the form of enhanced fire-fighting techniques. According to the State of Forests Report 2021 released by the Forest Survey of India, around 20% of India’s forests are prone to fires which implies the scope of mutual climate cooperation led by Indian leadership among these nations. Every single initiative is significant for

SDG13 (climate action) and SDG 15 (life on land) as little drops make the mighty ocean.

Again, while moving towards achieving the goal of SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), the rising climate threat is also driving our cities to urban disasters like frequent floods and droughts, heatwave events etc. In 2021, parts of Canada and the United States witnessed an unusual rise in temperatures driven by a phenomenon called the heat dome leading to large-scale fatalities. India is no different with exponential rise in heat events in recent times. According to the World Bank, India could witness heatwaves with temperatures exceeding human survivability limits and is set to experience heat waves that could be 25 times longer by 2035. India’s presidency thus offers an avenue for collaborations with G20 members showcasing best practices in urban resilience like Japan, China, Germany to name a few.

The aforementioned issues if not addressed properly can widen inequalities in the form of climate refugees, gender inequalities and increased poverty rates in urban spaces across the world posing a threat to the fulfilment of SDG5 (gender equality) and SDG10 (reduced inequalities) and also slowdown India’s Amrit Kaal goal.

India has reiterated its goal for sustainability in the 2022 G20 Bali summit when PM Modi emphasized on sustainability while also stressing on the need to foster universal brotherhood spirit through the theme of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam . Thus, the PM’s vision of the presidency as an ambitious, inclusive, decisive and action-oriented tenure can be made more fruitful with the faster realisation of the sustainable development goals.

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Essay on G20 Summit in English: 100, 200 and 500 Words

The G-20 consists of the finance ministers and governors of the central banks of 19 of the world's top economies, plus the European Union and African Union. The goals of the G20 are to—coordinate policies among its members to achieve sustainable growth and global economic stability; advance financial laws that lower risks and avert future financial crises; and establish a new global financial architecture. Here are a few sample essays on the G20 Summit in English.

100 Words Essay on G20 Summit

200 words essay on g20 summit, 500 words essay on g20 summit.

The G20 Summit is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 21 major Economies. The summit was established in 1999 to discuss policy issues related to international economic cooperation and development. The 21 countries in the G20 account for approximately 85% of the world's GDP and two-thirds of its population. These countries are—Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the African Union, European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Russia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK and the USA. The G20 is important for India because it provides a platform for the country to engage with the world's largest economies, promote its economic interests, and address critical global issues.

Importance of G20 For India

The G20 is important for India for several reasons:

Representation: India is one of the countries represented in the G20, giving it a voice in the international forum for discussing policy issues related to the global economy. This provides India with an opportunity to share its perspectives and opinions on key economic issues and to participate in shaping global economic policies.

Economic Growth: The G20 provides a platform for India to engage with the world's largest economies and to promote its economic interests. India can leverage the G20 platform to attract investment and trade, driving its economic growth and development.

Global Issues: The G20 is an important platform for India to address global issues such as climate change, poverty, and inequality. India can work with other G20 countries to solve these issues and promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

Financial Stability: The G20 is also relevant for India because it plays a role in enhancing international financial stability. India can participate in discussions on financial regulation and stability, which can help ensure that the global financial system remains stable and resilient.

The G20 also provides India with an opportunity to participate in shaping international economic policies and enhance its financial stability. The 2024 G20 Summit is expected to focus on several key issues, including global economic recovery, promoting sustainable and inclusive economic growth, and addressing inequality and poverty. The leaders will also discuss ways to tackle the climate crisis, strengthen the international trade system, and enhance international financial stability.

One of the major topics of discussion at the 2024 G20 Summit will be around the ongoing climate change issues. The leaders will exchange views on the global response to world climate change. The G20 summit will help in designing some new rules and regulations to save the environment.

Another critical issue to be discussed is the global economy's recovery from the pandemic and the efforts needed to restore growth and create jobs. The leaders will focus on implementing policies that support investment and trade, promoting digital transformation, and addressing the challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises.

The 2024 G20 Summit will also provide an opportunity for the leaders to address the climate crisis and work towards a more sustainable and inclusive future. The summit is expected to explore ways to transition to a green economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions while promoting economic growth and job creation.

The G20 Summit is a critical event for addressing the challenges facing the global community. The leaders will come together to discuss the issues affecting the world's economy, and the need for a sustainable and inclusive economic recovery. The summit will provide an opportunity for leaders to exchange views and work together towards a better future for all. It is a platform that can give new directions to the world.

Relevance of G20 Summit

The G20 Summit is relevant because it provides a platform for the leaders of the world's largest economies to come together and address critical global issues.

The G20 countries represent 85% of the world's GDP and two-thirds of its population, making it a significant forum for international economic cooperation and decision-making.

The G20 Summit allows leaders to exchange views, discuss policy solutions, and coordinate efforts to address major challenges facing the global community. These challenges can range from economic issues such as recession, trade, and investment, to social issues such as poverty, inequality, and climate change.

The G20 Summit is also relevant because it provides a platform for collective action. The leaders can work together to implement policies and initiatives that will have a significant impact on the global economy and society. For example, the G20 has played a crucial role in responding to the global financial crisis of 2008 and in coordinating the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In conclusion, the G20 Summit is relevant because it brings together the leaders of the world's largest economies to address critical global issues and work towards finding solutions. Its significance lies in its ability to facilitate international cooperation and decision-making, and in its potential to drive collective action and create a better future for all.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

• Construction
• Entertainment
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• Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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G20 Radio Bulletin 106 - Indigenous economies exemplify sustainable development practices

Aspirin, derived from willow bark, and morphine, extracted from poppy seeds, are examples of ancestral knowledge adapted for contemporary use. The Paris Agreement of 2015 gave the scientific seal of approval to the knowledge of indigenous peoples. Listen to the report and find out more.

Reporter: Considering a new model of development that prioritizes sustainability and inclusivity has long been a historical aspiration of indigenous peoples. With the increasing socio-environmental disruptions, this has become a central concern for people worldwide. The profound understanding and inherent connection indigenous communities maintain with the environment provide innovative and resilient solutions to address these challenges, now at the forefront of the G20 agenda during Brasil's presidency. 

Adriana Ramos, Executive Secretary of the Socio-Environmental Institute (Instituto Socioambiental - ISA), emphasizes the importance of embracing a plural perspective when approaching sustainable development.

Adriana Ramos:   We have been focused on risk reduction, acknowledging that any new development must diverge significantly. Brasil's diversity stems from its indigenous peoples, traditional communities, and rich biodiversity. This diversity encompasses various aspects and serves as a wellspring for new perspectives. Sustainable development hinges on understanding and embracing these diverse lifestyles, fostering a learning process that paves the way for innovative planetary solutions.

Reporter: Lucia Alberta, an indigenous member of the Baré people and the Director of Sustainable Development Promotion at the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI), believes that examining the link between traditional economic practices and various aspects of indigenous socio-biodiversity offers a promising path forward.

Lucia Alberta: This ancient economic model demonstrates that the economy revolves around principles such as reciprocity, exchange, knowledge appreciation, and empowerment.

Reporter: In addition to the G20, Brasil will host the 30th United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Belém, the capital of the state of Pará, in 2025, prioritizing discussions with rural, forest, and water-based communities. For more articles, please visit g20.org.

Ancestry with a glance into the future: the indigenous economy is an inspiration for development with sustainability

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Sustainable development goals take G20 TechSprint centre stage

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and the Banco Central do Brasil have put sustainable finance at the centre of the latest G20 TechSprint hackathon competition.

The fifth G20 TechSprint, this year's edition will focus on three problem statements on green finance to support sustainable development goals (SDGs) and inclusion:

• Nature-based solutions: technology solutions that incentivise and attract sustainable and inclusive investments targeted at biodiversity and nature preservation
• ESG: new technologies to improve the quality, reliability and granularity of ESG data for (a) large corporates and SMEs (b) investors and financial institutions (c) regulators and supervisors
• SDGs: open source solutions to support financial decisions and capital allocation aligned with the SDG goals, including preserving biodiversity, climate change, clean energy, financial education and inclusion, poverty alleviation

Firms have until the end of May to apply , after which shortlisted teams will have eight weeks to develop their solution. A panel of experts will pick one winner for each problem statement, with each securing a $25,000 reward. Agustín Carstens, GM, the BIS, says: "The journey towards sustainable finance requires collective action and relentless innovation. We must continuously push the boundaries of what is possible, leveraging the full spectrum of technological advancements and collaborative partnerships at our disposal."

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