research papers on kansas

Journals@KU

Journals@KU, an initiative of the KU Libraries Digital Publishing Services program, supports the KU community in the publication of scholarly journals online.  Our online open access publishing model follows best practices and standards that are designed to increase the reach and impact of the research, as well as providing long-term stewardship of the material after publication.

Services provided:

• Support KU editors in starting peer-reviewed online open access journals, including advice on publishing best practices and technical support in the the use of the publication software
• Help KU editors to transition commercially-published journals to an open access publication model, including the hosting of previously-published issues and articles 
• Advise KU editors about best practices for open access publishing and promotion
• Provide layout services to format journal issues and articles for publication on our Journals@KU or KU ScholarWorks platforms
• Generate and register DOIs for publications
• Help KU scholars explore new and emerging publishing models
• Advise members of the KU community about the benefits of using an O pen R esearcher and C ontributor ID ( ORCID) for their publications
• Monitor and address campus concerns and questions about electronic publishing
• Maintain the KUEDITORS-L online discussion list for all KU editors
• Periodically host KU Editors' Forums open to all KU editors

All services are offered free of charge by KU Libraries Digital Publishing Services.

If you're interested in publishing a new journal, if you'd like to join our KU Editors group, or if you have any questions about our program, please check out the resources on our Digital Publishing Services website or contact Marianne Reed, Digital Publishing & Repository Manager at [email protected] .

Our guide for editors, Resources for Editors of Scholarly Journals , is a good starting point for those who are considering starting a journal or who are looking for information about managing an existing journal. For those journals on the OJS platform, the Using Open Journal Systems pages for version 2.x , version 3.0 and version 3.3 can be especially helpful.

Journals and Serials

KU Libraries provides KU journal editors with the technical infrastructure to publish their journals on either of two platforms: KU ScholarWorks , KU's institutional repository, which makes journals visible to a wide audience and assures their long term preservation and Open Journal Systems (OJS) , which makes journals visible and assures their preservation, but also supports the entire editorial management workflow, including article submission, multiple rounds of peer-review, and indexing.

• Africana Annual (OJS)
• Aion. Journal of Philosophy and Science (OJS)
• American Studies (OJS)
• auslegung: a journal of philosophy (OJS)
• Biodiversity Informatics (OJS)
• Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey) (OJS)
• Center for East Asian Studies Publication Series (KU ScholarWorks)
• Chimères (OJS)
• Contemporary Herpetology (OJS)
• Current Research in Earth Sciences (OJS)
• Druze Studies Journal (OJS)
• European Journal of Ecology (OJS)
• Focus on Exceptional Children (OJS)
• Folklorica: Journal of the Slavic and East European Folklore Association (OJS)
• German-American Studies (OJS)
• Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice (OJS)
• Human Communication & Technology (OJS)
• IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies (OJS)
• Iguana (OJS)
• Iguana Times (OJS)
• Indigenous Nations Journal (KU ScholarWorks)
• Infrastructure Research Institute Reports (KU ScholarWorks)
• Issues in Language Instruction (OJS)
• Jayhawk Journalist (OJS)
• Journal of Amateur Sport (OJS)
• Journal of Copyright in Education & Librarianship (OJS)
• Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism (OJS)
• Journal of German-American Studies (OJS)
• Journal of Intercollegiate Sport (OJS)
• Journal of Melittology (OJS)
• Journal of Montessori Research (OJS)
• Journal of North American Herpetology (OJS)
• Journal of Russian American Studies (OJS)
• Journal of Undergraduate Research (KU ScholarWorks)
• Kansas Journal of Medicine (OJS)
• Kansas Law Review (KU ScholarWorks)
• Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics (OJS)
• KU Field Methods in Linguistic Description (KU ScholarWorks)
• Latin American Theatre Review (OJS)
• Merrill Series on The Research Mission of Public Universities (OJS)
• Midcontinent Geoscience (OJS)
• Midwestern Journal of Undergraduate Sciences (OJS)
• Novitates Paleoentomologicae (OJS)
• Paleontological Contributions (OJS)
• Reptiles & Amphibians (OJS)
• RRNMF Neuromuscular Journal (OJS)
• Scientific Papers of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History (KU ScholarWorks)
• Slavia Centralis (KU ScholarWorks)
• Slovene Linguistic Studies (KU ScholarWorks)
• Social Thought and Research (KU ScholarWorks)
• Special Publication of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History (KU ScholarWorks)
• Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (OJS)
• Treatise Online (OJS) 
• Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities at the University of Kansas (OJS)
• Yearbook of German-American Studies (OJS)
• Zenith! Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities at the University of Kansas (OJS)

Aion. Journal of Philosophy and Science

Aion. Journal of Philosophy and Science is an international, open-access and peer-reviewed journal hosted and published by the University of Kansas Libraries .

The journal is committed to publishing original and relevant research in the areas of Philosophy and Science. It thus accepts philosophical papers motivated by scientific research as well as scientific papers dealing with philosophical problems. Aion also accepts articles dealing with new problems, areas and topics of philosophical and scientifically motivated research as well as with concepts of major philosophical significance in our time.

Beyond European and North American philosophy, Aion aims at establishing constructive relationships with African, Asian, Australian and South American philosophical communities. 

The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges.

The Call for Papers for the June, 2024 issue is now open.

Submission deadline: may 31 st.

• View Journal
• Current Issue

Druze Studies Journal

Druze Studies Journal ( DSJ ) is an open-access interdisciplinary journal that aims to advance scholarly understanding of the Druze communities, including their history, society, and faith.

The journal provides a platform for exchanging knowledge, scholarship, and ideas among scholars who produce scholarship focusing on the Druze. The journal aims to increase scholarly publications on the Druze, specifically comparative projects between communities in various countries, including diasporic communities. The journal will publish discipline-specific research projects and will encourage interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research on the Druze in a way that analyzes and synthesizes links between disciplines into a coordinated and coherent whole to explain the Druze’s history, present, and future.

Druze Studies Journal is a new initiative. We will publish our first issue in 2024.

Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice

The Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice (GJCCP) is an online journal for practitioners of community psychology and community improvement.  We seek contributions from community practitioners in many fields including community development, public health, community organizing and others. Please consider sharing your knowledge, insights and accomplishments with the practice community along with innovations that may help communities throughout the world.

Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey)

KGS Bulletins are open-access, peer-reviewed publications of the Kansas Geological Survey, a research and service division of the University of Kansas. Bulletins constitute extensive research works, historical documentation, reference works with a long shelf life, or bibliographies, with an emphasis on Kansas geology.

This journal site is a work in progress.   If you need assistance finding bulletins that are not on the site, please contact [email protected] . 

Paleontological Contributions

Paleontological Contributions is an online-only, open-access, rapid publication journal, available free of charge to anyone with internet access. 

The journal invites submissions that deal with all aspects of paleontology or related biological disciplines. Original research articles and monographs are welcome.  Systematic treatments, including descriptions of new taxa, are welcome, and Paleontological Contributions complies with the requirements of ICBN and ICZN for publication of valid nomenclature.

Paleontological Contributions supersedes the University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions , new series, which consolidated into one format the three series that were published previously, Monographs, Articles, and Papers. All previous versions of Paleontological Contributions can be found on the University of Kansas ScholarWorks site.

The author publication agreement is available here .

Journal of German-American Studies

Journal of German-American Studies (1976-1980) was the second of three journals published by the Society for German-American Studies.   It was preceded by German-American Studies (1969-1975) and followed by the Yearbook of German-American Studies (1981-present). 

For current research, please see the Yearbook of German-American Studies .  Members of the Society for German-American Studies are welcome to submit new research there for consideration.

Africana Annual

Africana Annual is intentionally interdisciplinary in nature to accommodate many fields and branches of research and knowledge as long as their diverse contributions find a thematic and epistemological relationship to Africa and its far-flung Diaspora. While this encompasses the more traditional and established studies in history, literature, music, politics, geography, philosophy, education, economics, business, fine and performing arts, anthropology, communication, linguistics, sociology, culture, and religion, the journal also invites articles from other academic fields such as gender and sexuality studies, global and international studies, comparative studies, environmental studies, film and media studies, digital and emerging social platforms, international and national laws, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Reports from the world of science and medicine that relate to Africa and the African Diaspora are also considered.

While the Africana Annual is open to studies of a single area or phenomenon in the Africana world, it also aspires to reflect the intellectual and broadly-defined “political” connections between Africa and the African Diaspora, offering critical space for scholarly explorations of their shared historical and contemporary realities, and of future possibilities. Authors are thus invited to submit works that examine key issues that deepen interdisciplinary and global conversations on topics about Africa (north and south of the Sahara), African America, the Americas (North, South, and Central), the Caribbean, Asia, and Europe. The journal also visualizes an interconnected world with Africa as its center of inquiry, and welcomes profound articles that elucidate that vision.

German-American Studies

German-American Studies (1969-75) was the first of three journals published by the Society for German-American Studies.   It was followed by the Journal of German-American Studies (1976-1980) and the Yearbook of German-American Studies (1981-present). 

New submissions by members of the Society for German-American Studies are welcome at the Yearbook of German-American Studies . 

Zenith! Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities

Zenith! Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities is a student-run, student-reviewed, and student-published annual academic journal for undergraduates at The University of Kansas to publish their research in the Humanities. We define Humanities as one of our Partners' subjects, international studies, and interdisciplinary studies. Submissions can be class assignments, independent research projects, or parts of senior theses, as long as they were written by an undergraduate at KU.  From 2016-2020, Zenith! was known as the Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanites .   Issues 1-4 of URJH can be found on the URJH website . 

Yearbook of German-American Studies

The  Yearbook of German-American Studies is published annually by the Society for German-American Studies .  The editor welcomes contributions in English, preferably, or German, on the history, language, literature, and culture of the German element in the Americas.   This includes coverage of the immigrants and their descendants from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and other German-speaking areas of Europe.

The maps on this site show U.S. Census data about the number of people with German Ancestry 1 and the number of speakers of German 2 .  Both maps are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .

1 Kilpinen, Jon T., 2014. "German Ancestry, 2012." United States Map Gallery. Map 06.06. http://scholar.valpo.edu/usmaps/54

2 Kilpinen, Jon T., 2014. "German Speakers, 2012." United States Map Gallery. Map 11.07. http://scholar.valpo.edu/usmaps/86

Midcontinent Geoscience

Midcontinent Geoscience is an open-access, peer-reviewed publication of the Kansas Geological Survey. The journal publishes original research on a broad array of geoscience topics, with an emphasis on the midcontinent region of the United States, including the Great Plains and Central Lowland provinces.

Benefits to authors:

• Free for authors
• No page or color figure charges
• Online, open-access publishing
• Author retains full copyright
• No limits on pages, figures, or tables
• Professional editing by the KGS technical editor
• Pages crawled daily by internet search engines for quick visibility

We are now accepting submissions for the next volume of Midcontinent Geoscience.

As of January 2020, Midcontinent Geoscience  replaced the previous Kansas Geological Survey geoscience journal,  Current Research in Earth Sciences .

Journal of North American Herpetology

The Journal of North American Herpetology (JNAH) (ISSN 2333-0694) provides an open access on-line venue for peer-reviewed contributions on all aspects of North American Herpetology within the geographic boundaries of the United States and Canada. JNAH is a continuation of Contemporary Herpetology , the first herpetological on-line peer reviewed journal, published from 1998-2009.

RRNMF Neuromuscular Journal

The purpose of creating the RRNMF Neuromuscular Journal in 2020 was to build a venue for our colleagues in the field of neuromuscular medicine to have a hassle free and easy way to get published in a journal devoted to neuromuscular disorders.  No fees are charged and authors own the copyright in their articles.

We were able to do this because of an amazing service that the University of Kansas library offers through their Digital Publishing unit. They have the software capability and expertise to allow any KU faculty to set up a journal in their specialty field. They currently host over 56 journals, including the Kansas Journal of Medicine . Check them out at Journals @ KU .

Jayhawk Journalist

Jayhawk Journalist was the alumni magazine of the William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications at the University of Kansas.  The magazine’s mission has always been to main contact with journalism alumni and keep them informed about life where they once experienced it. The first edition was published in 1970, and was printed regularly until 2018, when this format was discontinued. 

All of the past issues from 1970-2018 are available on this site.

Contemporary Herpetology

Contemporary Herpetology (CH)  was an electronic journal published from 1998 to 2009 that was designed to facilitate the dissemination of herpetological information. CH maintained high scientific standards and all submitted articles had to pass peer-review prior to publication.  CH  published articles covering all aspects of herpetology, including ecology, ethology, systematics, conservation biology, and physiology, as well as reviews, monographs, points-of-view, and faunistic surveys of poorly known areas. The journal published its last issue in 2009. 

For current research, please see the Journal of North American Herpetology (JNAH) . 

Current Research in Earth Sciences

Current Research in Earth Sciences , a peer-reviewed journal of the Kansas Geological Survey, began publication in 1993 as Current Research on Kansas Geology . The name was changed in 1995 to reflect the broader scope of the bulletin. The journal ceased publication in 2018 and was replaced by Midcontinent Geoscience in 2020.

auslegung: a journal of philosophy

Auslegung: A Journal of Philosophy is a philosophical journal run by the philosophical community at The University of Kansas. The journal was founded in 1973 and publishes work of philosophical import on a broad range of topics.

European Journal of Ecology

European Journal of Ecology, founded and funded by the University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia ,  publishes original, peer-reviewed papers (Research Articles, Reviews, Forum Articles and Policy Directions) from all fields of ecology. Contributions are published continuously, appearing in the journal as they are accepted and prepared for publication.  European Journal of Ecology welcomes manuscripts focusing on any levels, scope, and scale of biological organization, and any taxon of living organisms from microbes to humans. Observational and experimental studies, in silico model studies, hypotheses and policy papers are all considered for publication to the extent that they are scientifically sound.

Human Communication & Technology

Human Communication & Technology is an international and interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal that publishes the highest quality original research on the intersection of human communication and technology. HCT aspires to be the leading journal at this intersection. 

Journal of Intercollegiate Sport

The Journal of Intercollegiate Sport (JIS) provides an exciting forum for research specifically addressing sport in college and university settings. This interdisciplinary journal publishes articles from the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and professional fields, providing a complete look at all factors affecting intercollegiate sport. The research presented crosses traditional academic boundaries and challenges current views and practices while maintaining an informative rather than editorial focus.

Published semiannually, JIS contains peer-reviewed research with both theoretical and practical significance. As such, the journal contributes to further research and understanding of intercollegiate athletics, as well as provides ideas on how to improve or change current policies and practices.

Midwestern Journal of Undergraduate Sciences

Welcome to the Midwestern Journal of Undergraduate Sciences!  The Midwestern Journal of Undergraduate Sciences is an online publication that advances knowledge of undergraduate life sciences research through research studies and critical reviews of the literature available in an open access forum. Submissions are invited from diverse disciplines and a range of research paradigms that contribute to scholarship for the undergraduate research community as well as the broader field of biology.

Kansas Journal of Medicine

The Kansas Journal of Medicine publishes original research, brief reports, reviews, commentaries, and case studies on all aspects of clinical medicine, health care delivery, health policy, and medical education.

Welcome to Chimères , a journal of French & Francophone Literatures and Cultures. In publication since 1967, the journal is managed by the Graduate Student Organization of the Department of French, Francophone & Italian Studies at the University of Kansas. Chimères accepts the submission of papers which deal with any aspect of French or Francophone literature. Our goal is to contribute to and encourage the expansion of research and scholarship in all fields of Francophone study.

Merrill Series on The Research Mission of Public Universities

In publication since 1997, The Merrill Series on the Research Mission of Public Universities is a series of papers that represents exchanges between faculty and administrators who are committed to nationally-competitive research at their state schools.  Participants who attend the annual Merrill Research Retreat share best practices for supporting innovative faculty, building research programs between institutions and enhancing institutional rankings.  This series of retreats and papers is made possible by benefactors Virginia and Fred Merrill. 

Journal of Russian American Studies

The  Journal of Russian American Studies  ( JRAS ) is an open access peer-reviewed journal focused on the history of Russian-American studies from the 18th to the 21st centuries.  Its aim is to be a forum for the latest scholarship regarding the history of the intricate relationship between Russia (broadly defined) and the United States.   The journal welcomes submissions and publishes articles and book reviews in English and Russian.

IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies

The web address of this site is changing in July, 2024 from https://journal.iallt.org to https://journals.ku.edu/iallt .  Please update any bookmarks or links to the new address before the change.  Thank you!  

From 1966-2018, the IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies published praxis-oriented research and review articles addressing the interface of technology with language teaching, learning and/or research.

After careful deliberations, IALLT decided to discontinue the publication of the IALLT Journal in 2018 and to make FLTMAG ( https://fltmag.com/ ) the official publication for the organization. FLTMAG has quickly established an audience of CALL practitioners and we believe that a web-based resource focused on praxis (rather than research) better reflects IALLT’s position in the field.  This site houses the complete run of IALLT publications from the first NALLD Newsletter in 1967 through the last issue of the IALLT Journal in 2018 .

We invite you to follow the continuing evolution of IALLT by adding FLTMAG to your list of regular reading.

Journal of Amateur Sport

The overarching mission of the Journal of Amateur Sport (JAS) is to provide scholars an outlet in which to share scholarship relevant to the amateur sports realm. We define amateur sport as those who participate and govern at the youth, recreational, community, international, and intercollegiate level. We acknowledge the tenuous debate surrounding the amateurism of intercollegiate athletics, thus at this time we welcome examinations that are focused on the less commercialized avenues of college sport participation and governance (especially NCAA Division II, III, and other less publicized governing bodies and settings). Submissions from all disciplines are encouraged, including sociology, communication, and organizational behavior. Similarly, we welcome a wide array of methodological and structural approaches, including conceptual frameworks, narratives, surveys, interviews, and ethnographies.

Focus on Exceptional Children

Focus on Exceptional Children (FOEC) represents a unique opportunity for professionals concerned with the education of infants, toddlers, children, and youth with dis/abilities to publish on topics that warrant extensive discussion in the literature and are of critical importance to advancing the field. FOEC has filled this need with distinction for over forty years. Many faculty members and graduates of the Department of Special Education have published in Focus on Exceptional Children and have served on the national advisory board established by Stan Love of the Love Publishing Company to guide FOEC throughout its history. The Department of Special Education at the University of Kansas recognizes the leadership that Love Publishing Company provided over decades, championing the role of special education in addressing the difficult challenges that faced students with disabilities, their families, and the profession that served them.

To continue the work of Focus on Exceptional Children, the University of Kansas and the Department of Special Education propose to honor Stan Love’s legacy of making available internationally thoughtful, expansive articles that deal with the critical topics in our field. We pursue this opportunity with the consent and endorsement of the Love family to incorporate Focus on Exceptional Children as a central component of the department’s mission to communicate evidence based practices and to inform research, policies and ideas that impact the future.

Journal of Melittology

A Journal of Bee Biology, Ecology, Evolution, & Systematics

The Journal of Melittology is an international, open access journal that seeks to rapidly disseminate the results of research conducted on bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) in their broadest sense. Our mission is to promote the understanding and conservation of wild and managed bees and to facilitate communication and collaboration among researchers and the public worldwide. The journal encourages submissions in any area of melittology, particularly works on non- Apis bees. Manuscrips on Apis bees will be considered on a case-by-case basis. Each article receives a DOI. All nomenclatural articles are registered in ZooBank and conform to the latest standards of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and the journal is archived in PORTICO ( www.portico.org ).

The Journal is best viewed in FireFox or Chrome , and is indexed in Google Scholar and CAB International.

NOTES: The maximum size of papers processed via the normal means is presently 38 printed pages . Larger works are now possible but will take considerably longer time to process by our volunteer staff and so will experience longer turn-around times. 

American Studies

American Studies (AMSJ) is a quarterly interdisciplinary journal sponsored by the Mid-America American Studies Association ; the KU Office for Research; The College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota; the Center for Race, Indigeneity, Disability, Gender and Sexuality Studies (RIDGS), University of Minnesota; the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Kansas; University of Kansas Libraries; and the Departments of American Studies at University of Kansas and University of Minnesota.  

American Studies ( AMSJ ) first appeared in 1959, and has 1,000 current subscribers. In 2005 it merged with American Studies International (ASI), and welcomes submissions with an international perspective. ASI , a journal for American Studies scholars outside the U.S., was published by the American Studies Department at George Washington University for over forty years. Beginning with Vol. 45 (2004), ASI ceased publication as an independent journal, and merged with AMSJ , with the agreement that AMSJ would devote at least one issue a year (or the equivalent) to transnational American Studies scholarship, international American Studies authors, and would maintain a significant showing of scholars outside the U.S. on its editorial board. The “On Teaching” forum, now on the AMSJ blog , originated as an ASI feature.

With an editorial board from a number of areas of study, the journal offers provocative perspectives on a variety of issues. Frequent special sections and special issues create a space for a broad discussion on a single topic. Articles on pedagogy inform the American Studies classroom. The book review section aims at keeping readers conversant with contemporary scholarship. This electronic edition provides free access to the back issues of the journal. The most recent three years are available via print subscription only.

Journal of Copyright in Education & Librarianship

The web address of this site is changing on April 10, 2024 from https://www.jcel-pub.org to https://journals.ku.edu/jcel .  Any web traffic sent to www.jcel-pub.org will be redirected to the new address until July, 2024.  Please update any bookmarks or links to the new address as soon as possible.  Thank you!

The Journal of Copyright in Education and Librarianship is bi-annually published in the spring and fall. It is a peer-reviewed open-access publication for original articles, reviews and case studies that analyze or describe the strategies, partnerships and impact of copyright law on public, school, academic, and digital libraries, archives, museums, and research institutions and their educational initiatives.

The journal welcomes original research and practitioner experience papers, legal analysis, as well as submissions in alternative formats.

In order to lower barriers to publication for authors, JCEL does not charge submission or any other form of author fees. Copyright in the articles will remain with the authors, and all articles will be published under a Creative Commons license.

Please visit the Focus and Scope section for additional information.

Biodiversity Informatics

This electronic journal focuses on the emerging field of biodiversity informatics--the creation, integration, analysis, and understanding of information regarding biological diversity. The journal encourages submissions in any area of the biodiversity informatics enterprise. 

FOLKLORICA - Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association

The Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association is devoted to an exchange of knowledge among scholars interested in Slavic, East European and Eurasian folklore. SEEFA seeks to promote instruction in Slavic, East European and Eurasian folklore, organizes panels on the subject at national and international conferences, encourages the preparation of teaching materials and translations, and fosters exchanges. SEEFA also seeks to promote joint research, scholarly exchanges and conferences, expeditions, and publications with scholars in Slavic, East European and Eurasian countries.

As of January 2020, Folklorica is a fully open access journal. No subscription is required.

Issues in Language Instruction

Issues in Language Instruction  is a peer-reviewed journal for and by university instructors of English to speakers of additional languages (EAL). The mission of the journal is to explore innovation in all kinds of EAL instruction, including English for academic purposes, English for professional purposes, and general ESL at the university level. ILI  welcomes all kinds of submissions related to the practice, interpretation, and advancement of our profession.

Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology

Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology provides open access to searchable PDF files of all 53 published volumes . Volumes can be downloaded in their entirety or as individual chapters. 

The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology provides morphologic, taxonomic, systematic, stratigraphic, and biogeographic information/data on organisms comprising all the “invertebrate” phyla with a significant fossil record, as well as certain unicellular organisms, e.g., “Protoctista”, “Protista”, and Eubacteria/Archaea. Entire volumes or individual chapters of each volume can be viewed and downloaded.

All content is provided open access with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY) license.

The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology is published by the Paleontological Institute at the University of Kansas, and receives financial support from the Paleontological Society .

Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism

The  Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism  ( JDTC ) was founded in 1986 at the University of Kansas and publishes full-length articles that contribute to the varied conversations in dramatic theory and criticism, explore the relationship between theory and theatre practice, and/or examine recent scholarship by a single author. The  JDTC  is published twice each year by the  Department of Theatre & Dance  with support from the  College of Liberal Arts and Sciences . This electronic edition provides free access to the back issues of the journal. All issues published after 2011 are available via print subscription and online through  Project Muse . For more information, visit  our page  at the Department of Theatre & Dance. You can find our  newest issue  on Project Muse . Below is our most current open-access issue from 2011. Follow us on Twitter ( @j_dtc ) and visit us on  Facebook!

Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities

Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities  was a student-run, student-reviewed, and student-published annual academic journal for undergraduates at The University of Kansas to publish their research in the Humanities.  In 2021, URJH changed its name to Zenith!  Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and launched a new website.  Starting with v.5, all new issues can be found on the Zenith! website . 

Journal of Montessori Research

The Journal of Montessori Research advances knowledge of Montessori education through empirical research studies, critical reviews of the literature, theoretical essays, and scholarly book reviews available in an open access forum.

Latin American Theatre Review

Latin American Theatre Review (LATR) is published twice per year by KU’s Department of Spanish and Portuguese. Founded in 1967, LATR covers all aspects of Latin@ and Latin American theatre and performance and has grown to be one of the premiere scholarly journals in its field.

This electronic edition provides free access to the journal's back issues, including over 1,000 scholarly articles, news items, theater schedules, and book and performance reviews.

The most recent 5 years are available only through a print or institutional subscription to Project Muse .

Latin American Theatre Review (LATR) se publica dos veces al año en la Universidad de Kansas por el Departamento de Español y Portugués. LATR fue fundado en 1967 y abarca todos los aspectos de teatro y performance, tanto de latinoamericanos como de US Latinos, y se ha convertido en una de las principales revistas académicas en su campo.

La edición electrónica provee acceso gratuito a los números pasados de la revista, que incluye más de 1,000 artículos académicos, noticias, carteleras teatrales y reseñas de libros y representaciones escénicas.

Los últimos cinco años sólo están disponibles por subscripción a la edición impresa e institucional a Project Muse

The journal has appeared in many forms over time, starting with Volume 1, number 1 in 1990 as the Iguana Times , the newsletter of the International Iguana Society. By 1995, (Volume 4) the Iguana Times had renamed itself as a “journal,” and in 2003 (Volume 10), it adopted the name Iguana . What had started as a few stapled and photocopied pages became a 24-page printed publication with color covers. With the demise of the International Iguana Society (IIS) in 2005 (Volume 12), publication of the journal was assumed by the International Reptile Conservation Foundation (IRCF) and it was renamed Iguana: Conservation, Natural History, and Husbandry of Reptiles to reflect its broader coverage of the reptilian world. Nurtured by the IRCF, the journal expanded to a 64-page full-color publication, which, in 2009 (Volume 16) took on its current name, Reptiles & Amphibians .

Reptiles & Amphibians

Reptiles & Amphibians (ISSN 2332-4961) is an international open-access journal that publishes peer-reviewed research in all aspects of herpetology with an emphasis on conservation and natural history. In addition, R&A profiles ongoing efforts in herpetological conservation, key persons involved in herpetological conservation and research, and international destinations of herpetological interest. Follow us on Twitter at RandAJournal .

Novitates Paleoentomologicae

A Journal of Occasional Fossil Insect Research at the University of Kansas

NOTICE: The journal has been suspended as of 2023 and is no longer taking submissions.

Novitates Paleoentomologicae is an open access journal that sought to disseminate the results of research conducted at or in association with the University of Kansas Division of Entomology on all aspects of insect paleontology, inlcuding their other arthropod relatives. Its mission was to promote the understanding and study of paleoentomology and related disciplines. All nomenclatural articles are registered in ZooBank and conform to the latest standards of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , each issue has a DOI, and the journal is archived in PORTICO ( www.portico.org ). Potential articles must be approved for submission by the Editor-in-Chief.

The Journal is best viewed in FireFox or Chrome , and is indexed in Google Scholar and Zoological Record.

Treatise Online

Treatise Online publishes chapters prepared for parts of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology as they are ready, rather than waiting for an entire hard copy Treatise  volume to be printed. Chapters from the following Treatise parts are completed, nearing completion, or in preparation: Part B (protista), Part E (hypercalcified sponges), Part F (Cnidaria), Part G (bryozoans), Part J (paleozoic gastropoda), Part L (ammonoids), Part M (coleiods), Part N (bivalves), Part P (chelicerates), Part R (decapods), Part T (crinoids), Part V (graptolithines).

Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics

Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics (KWPL), ISSN 1043-3805 (print), ISSN 2378-7600 (online) is an annual publication of the University of Kansas Department of Linguistics. KWPL is intended as an open-access forum for the presentation of the latest original research by the faculty and students of the Department of Linguistics and other related departments at the University of Kansas. Contributions by persons not associated with the University of Kansas are also welcome. Since KWPL is a working paper, publication in KWPL does not preclude later publication elsewhere of revised versions of papers. 

The journal does not charge any fees to publish articles.

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Dissertations and Theses

Search within this community and its collections:

About these collections

These collections contain dissertations and theses authored by University of Kansas students. Current works are posted here in fulfillment of graduation requirements.

At the author's request, staff at the KU Libraries are happy to digitize and make available in KU ScholarWorks any thesis or dissertation. Please contact Marianne Reed at [email protected] for more information.

Historical Context

Collections in this community, dissertations [4717], pre-1929 dissertations and theses [923], theses [3976], recent submissions.

Recording Remote Attestations on the Blockchain 

Bio-inspired reinforcement learning & predictive flight controllers for unmanned aerial systems , design and evaluation of security-focused service meshes for management of microservice deployments , system identification-based fault detection and model-based control of an uncrewed aerial system , on equivalent circuit modeling for lithium-ion batteries operating over broad current ranges , internally-cured low-cracking high-performance concrete (ic-lc-hpc) bridge decks: durability and cracking performance , multipass sar processing for ice sheet vertical velocity and tomography measurements .

Mutants: Ceramic Objects 

Spectral Cohabitation and Interference Mitigation via Physical Radar Emissions 

A thermodynamic determination of the dissociation energy of the gaseous TiO molecule 

An empirical investigation of Storms’ theory of erotic orientation development 

The treatment of childhood in autobiographies of twentieth century American women 

Synthesis of fluorine substituted medicinals 

The biology and morphology of Hydrometra martini Kirkaldy 

The Chinese influence on Western theatre : from transposition to transformation 

Cognitive attitudes in relation to susceptibility to interference 

Attitudes about abortion among college students 

Part I. The anodic oxidation of magnesium in aqueous solution. Part II. The oxidation of magnesium by triiodide ion 

Writing a modern land: discourses of environmental modernity in twentieth-century xinjiang .

A New Species of Abyssal Sea Anemone and Its Symbiotic Relationship with a Scaphopod 

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Literature Reviews

Literature Reviews are typically found in research articles, grant and research proposals, theses, and dissertations. In a literature review the author selects relevant past and contemporary research and synthesizes it into a coherent picture of the research available on a subject or in a field. 

Literature reviews can be stand-alone projects or be a section in a bigger project, like the introduction in a journal article or a chapter in a dissertation. They exist in order to show mastery of a subject and also to point out how your research may fit within the field. With this in mind, you should think of the literature review in narrative terms: you weave the sources together, illustrating the scholarly conversation which has taken place in the field. 

When academics talk about "reviewing" the "literature," what they mean is that a writer searches for sources (oftentimes scholarly), reads them, provides an overview of the field, describes or summarizes the sources, and, lastly, evaluates them. Your review should identify major themes, recurring concepts, and/or critical gaps. It can be organized in different ways, too. The organization depends on your literature review's guiding idea: you could focus on the major works, recurring themes, or order of publication, among others. Also, keep in mind that depending on the topic, you may need a broad overview or you may need a narrow focus (by ethnic group, by class, by gender, by time period, etc).

When you are going to work on a literature review you need to:

•  Choose a topic or research question to guide your search
•  Look for sources. You can meet with a Research Librarian to find the sources you need.
• In your notes, establish what it SAYS (context) and what it DOES (function) 
• At the end of the paragraph/section, connect your research to your topic and remind your readers of your position. 

Setting (context) 

Characters (authors/actors) 

Action (what is happening) 

Urgency (leads for the reader) 

Ideally, the Literature Review provides your reader with the necessary information to understand your project. The Writing Center’s Graduate Support offers workshops on Literature Reviews every year. Check out the Library’s Events to see when the next workshop is. 

(Revised July 2022)

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

NPP > JOURNALS > KAESRR

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station faculty members conduct research in nearly all areas of agricultural production. This online collection of research reports publishes preliminary results of research conducted at centers around the state in beef and dairy cattle, swine, meat science, plant pathology, sorghum and wheat breeding, cropping systems, irrigation engineering, cover crops, weed science, entomology, range management, turfgrass, and other areas. Research is supported by federal and state funds, grants, and Kansas State University.

Recent Content

Research reports.

2020 Director's Report of Research in Kansas J. E. Minton

2022 Fertilizer Station Weather Report Matthew Sittel

Assessing Corn Response to Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization in a No-Till, Three-Year Rotation in Northeast Kansas Jessica Grünberg, Alexis Correira, Kraig L. Roozeboom, DeAnn R. Presley, and Peter J. Tomlinson

Field Evaluations of Nitrogen-Fixing Products in Grain Sorghum Kraig L. Roozeboom, Lucas A. Haag, Will Davis, Dorivar A. Ruiz Diaz, and Charles W. Rice

Chloride Fertilization’s Impacts on Kansas Winter Wheat Grain Yield During 2021-2022 Luiz O. Pradella, Jorge R. Soler, and Romulo P. Lollato

View More »

Agricultural Research Center-Hays

Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Surface Chemistry A. Obour and J. D. Holman

Agricultural Bio-Stimulant Application to Enhance Phosphorus Availability in Grain Sorghum A. Obour

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application Effects on Pearl Millet Forage Yield and Nutritive Value D. D. Serba and A. Obour

Seeding Date Effects on Camelina Seed Yield and Quality Traits E. Obeng, A. Obour, and N. O. Nelson

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Iron Chelates in Managing Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in Grain Sorghum A. Obour, A. Schlegel, R. Perumal, and D. Ruiz Diaz

Beef Cattle

Stocker Steer Gains and Fly Numbers as Impacted by Burn Date and Type of Mineral on Tallgrass Native Range J. K. Farney and M. E. Reeb

Evaluation of Grazing Options During Summer for Growing Heifers J. K. Farney

Form of Supplement and Addition of Ionophore Effects on Steer Performance while Grazing Bromegrass and Subsequent Effects in Feedlot and Carcass Measures J. K. Farney and K. Malone

Evaluation of Implants, Clover, and Fescue Variety on Stocker Steers Z. T. Buessing and J. K. Farney

Spices Fed to Growing Heifers on Bromegrass Result in Increased Gains with Some Effects on Tick Populations J. K. Farney

Beef Cattle Management

Kansas State University Feedlot Boot Camp and Teaching Program: Growing Student Interest and Engagement in the Feedlot Industry Danielle M. Stock, Pete Anderson, and Karol E. Fike

Restricting Bunk Space Allotments to 6 or 10 Inches has Minimal Impact on Growth Performance in Limit-Fed Receiving Cattle W. Cole Ellis, Zachary M. Duncan, Madeline S. Grant, William R. Hollenbeck, Evan C. Titgemeyer, and Dale A. Blasi

Comparing the Performance of Cattle Castrated Using Different Techniques Upon Arrival at the Feedlot Tyler Blackwood, Tyler J. Spore, Michael D. Kleinhenz, William R. Hollenbeck, Dale A. Blasi, and A. J. Tarpoff

Post-Weaning Feed Intake and Performance of Bulls Developed in an Automated Feed Intake Management System J. Wyatt L. Banks, Karol E. Fike, and Jason M. Warner

Effects of Dietary Energy Concentration and Feed Intake on Growth Performance of Newly Received Growing Cattle Fed Diets Based on Corn and Corn Co-Products Colton D. Weir, Zachary M. Duncan, William R. Hollenbeck, Sean P. Montgomery, Tyler J. Spore, and Dale A. Blasi

Beef Cattle Reproduction

Sire Distribution of Calves in a Beef Herd with Use of Fixed Time Artificial Insemination Followed by Immediate Bull Exposure for Natural Service in Cows and Heifers A. R. Hartman, E. D. McCabe, D. R. Jacobs, K. E. Fike, and D. M. Grieger

Delayed Timing of Insemination Relative to Estrus Improves Pregnancy to Artificial Insemination With Sex-Sorted Semen in Beef Heifers K. Aubuchon, J. A. Odde, A. R. Hartman, K. E. Fike, and K. G. Odde

Assessment of Novel Semen Evaluation Technologies and Breed Comparisons in Yearling Beef Bulls A. R. Hartman, I. E. Batey, D. M. Grieger, and K. E. Fike

Field Trial Assessing the Use of Sex-Sorted Semen in Beef Cattle K. W. Aubuchon, J. A. Odde, C. Bronkhorst, E. M. Bortoluzzi, M. J. Goering, K. E. Fike, and K. G. Odde

Challenges Associated with Semen Quality While Collecting Beef Bulls for Semen Freezing A. R. Hartman, N. M. Goodenow, S. K. Tucker, K. E. Fike, and D. M. Grieger

Beef Cattle Nutrition

GreatO+ Supplementation Leads to Greater Proportions of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Small Intestines of Holstein Steers Ross L. Thorn and James S. Drouillard

Supplementation of Methionine or Choline Did Not Improve Health or Growth Performance in High-Risk, Newly Received Beef Heifers Madeline S. Grant, Dale A. Blasi, and Evan C. Titgemeyer

Effect of Ruminally-Protected Lysine Supplementation to Growing Cattle on Growth and Subsequent Finishing Performance K. J. Hazlewood, M. S. Grant, D. A. Blasi, G. A. Ducharme, and E. C. Titgemeyer

Effects of Betaine on Protein Deposition in Growing Cattle with Modulated Methyl Group Status M. S. Grant, J. M. Marsh, K. J. Hazlewood, M. D. Miesner, and E. C. Titgemeyer

Effects of Choline on Neutrophil Function and Inflammation in Growing Cattle with Modulated Methyl Group Status M. S. Grant, H. D. Aufdemberge, B. J. Bradford, L. K. Mamedova, and E. C. Titgemeyer

Breeding Herd Nutrition and Management

Effects of the Age of Newborn Pigs Receiving an Iron Injection on Suckling and Subsequent Nursery Performance and Blood Criteria H. Williams, C. D. Roubicek, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and A. Holtcamp

Effects of Fe Dosage in Newborn Pigs on Preweaning and Subsequent Nursery Performance H. Williams, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and A. Holtcamp

Effects of a Bacillus-Based Probiotic on Sow Performance and on Progeny Growth Performance, Fecal Consistency, and Fecal Microflora M. B. Menegat, K. M. Gourley, M. B. Braun, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, J. Bryte, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

Effect of Lysine-Fermentation By-Product on Urine pH and Total Urine Bacteria Count in Lactating Sows K. M. Gourley, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, and K. J. Touchette

The Effects of Maternal Dietary Supplementation of Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and 25(OH)D3 on Sow and Progeny Performance M. T. Thayer, J. L. Nelssen, A. J. Langemeier, J. Morton, J. M. Gonzales, S. R. Kruger, Z. Ou, A. J. Makowski, and J. R. Bergstrom

Source-Sink Manipulation and Its Impacts on Canola Seed Filling Period D. Ricciuto, M. A. Secchi, A. J. P. Carcedo, L. Nieto, J. Lacasa, M. Stamm, and I. A. Ciampitti

Do Winter Canola Hybrids and Open-Pollinated Varieties Respond Differently to Seeding Rate? B. M. Showalter, K. Roozeboom, M. J. Stamm, and G. Cramer

Effect of Residue Management, Row Spacing, and Seeding Rate on Winter Canola Establishment, Winter Survival, and Yield B. M. Showalter, K. Roozeboom, M. J. Stamm, and R. Figger

Cattle Nutrition

Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Lean Growth and Methionine Flux in Cattle M. Ardalan, M. D. Miesner, C. D. Reinhardt, D. U. Thomson, C. K. Armendariz, and E. C. Titgemeyer

Smartamine M Supplementation Reduces Inflammation but Does Not Affect Performance in Receiving Beef Heifers M. S. Grant, H. F. Speer, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, N. D. Luchini, D. A. Blasi, and E. C. Titgemeyer

Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn Containing an Alpha Amylase Expression Trait Improves Digestibility in Growing Calf Diets M. A. Johnson, T. J. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, C. S. Kubick, J. S. Garzón, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, C. I. Vahl, E. D. Watson, and D. A. Blasi

Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn Silage Containing an Alpha Amylase Expression Trait Improves Feed Efficiency in Growing Calf Diets M. A. Johnson, T. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, E. D. Watson, and D. A. Blasi

Leucine Supplementation Did Not Improve Protein Deposition or Lysine Utilization in Growing Steers K. A. Pearl, H. F. Speer, M. D. Miesner, and E. C. Titgemeyer

Planting Green: Potential Benefits and Disadvantages of Planting Corn into Live Cereal Rye Cover Crop A. Correira, P. Tomlinson, and D. Presley

Performance of Corn Hybrids with Contrasting Maturity in Northeastern Kansas L. N. Lingua, I. Massigoge, A. J. P. Carcedo, and I. A. Ciampitti

How Relevant is High-Cadence Earth Observation for Maize Crop Phenology Classification? L. Nieto, R. Houborg, A. Zajdband, A. Jumpasut, P. V. Vara Prasad, B. J. S. C. Olson, and I. A. Ciampitti

Corn Tiller Yield Contributions are Dependent on Environment: A 17 Site-Year Kansas Study R. L. Veenstra, D. Berning, P. Carter, S. Wallace, M. Legleiter, L. Currie, C. D. Messina, P. V. Vara Prasad, T. J. Hefley, L. A. Haag, and I. A. Ciampitti

Effect of Late Planting Dates on Corn Yield E. Adee

Cropping and Tillage Systems

Wheat and Grain Sorghum Sequencing for Three Crops in Four-Year Rotations Lucas A. Haag, Dewayne Bond, Amanda Burnett, Jeffrey Slattery, and Alan Schlegel

Tillage Intensity in a Long-Term Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation Lucas A. Haag, Amanda Burnett, Dewayne Bond, Jeffrey Slattery, and Alan Schlegel

Occasional Tillage in a Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation: 2022 Growing Season John D. Holman, Augustine K. Obour, Lucas A. Haag, and Mikaela A. Lawrence

Assessing the Influence of Strategic Tillage on Crop Yields and Soil Properties in Dryland No-Tillage Systems Mikaela A. Lawrence, Augustine K. Obour, John D. Holman, Logan M. Simon, Lucas A. Haag, and Kraig L. Roozeboom

Grazing Cover Crops Improved Soil Health in Dryland Cropping Systems Augustine K. Obour, John D. Holman, Logan M. Simon, and Sandra K. Johnson

Cropping Systems Research

Improving Resilience of Corn to Weather through Improved Fertilizer Efficiency Na Huang, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, and Xiaomao Lin

Critical Soil Health Parameters to Improve Crop Production Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Bruno C. Pedreira, and Carlos B. Pires

Control of Soil-Borne Disease of Soybean Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Christopher R. Little, Xiaomao Lin, and Sylvia R.G. Moraes

Hard Red and Soft Red Winter Wheat Variety Testing - 2023 Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Jane Lingenfelser, and Xiaomao Lin

Corn and Soybean Production – 2022 Summary Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Jane Lingenfelser, and Xiaomao Lin

Dairy Cattle: Dairy Foods

Effect of Draining Volume on the Yield and Enrichment Ratio During Foam Fractionation of Greek Yogurt Whey Y. B. Ma and J. Amamcharla

Development of a High Protein Dairy Snack Based on German-Style Quark Cheese Y. Ou, K. S. Babu, P. Thorakkattu, K. Getty, and J. Amamcharla

Evaluating an Ultrasonic Flaw Detector-Based Method to Characterize Solubility of Whey Protein Concentrate M. Hauser and J. Amamcharla

Dairy Cattle: Economics

Dairy Research 2015 Supplements B. Bradford

The New Safety Net: Dairy Margin Protection Program Participation and Payouts R. Reid

Dairy Cattle: Foreword

Foreword B. Bradford

Foreword, Dairy Research 2016 B. Bradford

Dairy Cattle: Milk Processing

Effect of Stirring and Static Heating on Fibrilization of Milk Whey Protein: A Processing Approach G. Rathod and J. Amamcharla

Characterization of a Commercial Whey Protein Hydrolysate and Its Use as a Binding Agent in the Whey Protein Isolate Agglomeration Process B. Zaitoun, N. Palmer, and J. Amamcharla

Dairy Cattle: Nutrition and Feeding

Association of Horizontal Silo Pad Type, Elevation and Core Depth With Indicators of Silo Ramp Hygiene, Forage Quality, and Digestibility W. E. Brown, N. M. Bello, and M. J. Brouk

Effects of Pre-Cutting Round Alfalfa Hay Bales on Forage Quality and Processing Time W. E. Brown, E. Harms, J Heimsoth, J. McGinnis, C. I. Vahl, B. J. Bradford, and M. J. Brouk

Combined Risk Factors and Digestive Disorders in Mid-Lactation Holstein Cows: A Case Study S. T. Quanz, L. K. Mamedova, M. J. Brouk, P. Gott, and B. J. Bradford

Effects of Two Commercial Supplemental Fat Products on Body Condition Score and Cow- and Herd-Level Milk Yield and Composition in a Commercial Dairy Herd in Kansas A. L. Scanavez, C. A. Gamarra, R. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. Mendonça

Identifying a Milk-Replacer and Weaning Strategy for Holstein Calves Using Automated Behavioral Measures of Lying and Environmental Enrichment Device Use E. M. Bortoluzzi, T. M. Hill, L. L. Deikun, L. A. Ruiz, M. J. Goering, T. S. Dennis, F. X. Suarez-Mena, J. D. Quigley, R. L. Schlotterbeck, M. V. Alonso, R. Mazloom, M. Jaberi-Douraki, and L. E. Hulbert

Dairy Cattle: Physiology and Management

Resynchronizing Returns to Estrus after a Prior Insemination J. S. Stevenson and J. A. Sauls-Hiesterman

Complete Luteolysis and Pregnancy Per Insemination After Modifying the Standard 7-day Ovsynch Program in Dairy Cows J. S. Stevenson and B. Atanasov

Individual Feed Intake of Transition Cows and Their Daily Activity Measures of Temperature, Eating, Rumination, Resting, and Activity Times J. S. Stevenson, C. S. Takiya, and B. J. Bradford

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Alters the mRNA Cytokine Profile from Mouse Macrophages Challenged with Streptococcus uberis T. H. Swartz, L. K. Mamedova, and B. J. Bradford

Deliberate Exercise of Pregnant Holstein Heifers Improves Milk Composition During Lactation J. Johnson, P. Steichen, B. J. Bradford, A. E. Rhodes, and T. G. Rozell

Dairy Cattle: Supplemental Content

2018 Dairy Research Foreword, etc. B. J. Bradford

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments, Dairy Research 2016 B. Bradford

Department of Agronomy

Biochar and Nitrogen Effects on Winter Wheat Growth T. E. Zee, N. O. Nelson, and G. Newdigger

Impact of Cover Crops and Phosphorus Fertilizer Management on Nutrient Cycling in No-Tillage Corn-Soybean Rotation R. E. Carver, N. O. Nelson, D. S. Abel, K. Roozeboom, G. J. Kluitenberg, P. J. Tomlinson, and J. R. Williams

Corn Grain Yield Trends from 2012 to 2016: A 26-Year Long-Term Experiment J. Rivera-Zayas and Charles Rice

Response of Drought-Tolerant Hybrids to Environmental Yield Potential T. Newell, K. Roozeboom, I. A. Ciampitti, Eric Adee, G. Cramer, J. D. Holman, and A. Schlegel

Soybean: Evaluation of Inoculation I. A. Ciampitti, Eric Adee, J. Kimball, and G. I. Carmona

East Central Kansas Experiment Field

Corn Yield Response to Plant Populations D. E. Shoup, Eric Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

Effects of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum on Crop Yield and Soil Properties in Kansas DeAnn Presley

Balanced Nutrition and Crop Production Practices for Closing Sorghum Yield Gaps B. McHenry, Eric Adee, J. Kimball, P. V. Vara Prasad, and I. A. Ciampitti

East Central Kansas Experiment Field Eric Adee

Corn Yield Response to Plant Populations D. E. Shoup, E. A. Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

Feed Manufacturing Research

Effects of Grinding Almond Hulls with a Hammermill on Particle Size and Bulk Density Zachary M. Duncan, Haley K. Wecker, Zachary L. DeBord, Chad B. Paulk, K. C. Olson, and Dale Blasi

The Impact of Fines Inclusion Level and Conditioning Temperature on Pellet Quality and Energy Consumption M. Saensukjaroenphon, Caitlin E. Evans, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

The Influence of Ingredients, Corn Particle Size, and Sample Preparation on the Predictability of the Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Caitlin E. Evans, Nana S. Frempong, Thomas N. Nortey, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Evaluating Hammermill Tip Speed, Air Assist, and Screen Hole Diameter on Ground Corn Characteristics Michaela B. Braun, Kara M. Dunmire, Haley K. Wecker, Chad B. Paulk, Charles R. Stark, Michael W. Sodak, Maks Kapetanovich, Jerry Shepherd, Randy Fisher, and Kyle Coble

Effects of Dry and Liquid Pellet Binder Inclusion and Conditioning Temperature on Pellet Mill Efficiency and Pellet Quality of a High-Fiber Ruminant Ration Caitlin E. Evans, Marut Saensukjaroenphon, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Feed Processing in the Swine Industry

Effects of Grinding Corn with Different Moisture Concentrations on Subsequent Particle Size and Flowability Characteristics M. B. Braun, K. M. Dunmire, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

The Effect of Pellet Mill Production Rate and Knife Distance on Pellet Quality C. E. Evans, R. J. Beeman, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark

Effects of Conditioning Temperature on Pellet Quality of Nursery Pig Diets G. E. Nichols, C. R. Stark, A. M. Ogles, K. M. Dunmire, and C. B. Paulk

The Effects of Filter Type and Warm-Up Time on Pellet Durability Index Using the Holmen NHP100 Portable Pellet Tester C. E. Evans, R. N. Kort, M. Saensukjaroenphon, H. K. Wecker, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark

Evaluating Soybean Meal Quality Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy K. M. Dunmire, J. Dhakal, K. Stringfellow, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

Feed Safety Research

Inoculation of Weaned Pigs by Feed, Water, and Airborne Transmission of Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:- Olivia L. Harrison, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad B. Paulk, Brandon L. Plattner, Jason C. Woodworth, Susan Rensing, Cassandra K. Jones, and Valentina Trinetta

Evaluating a Dry vs. Wet Disinfection in Boot Baths on Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus RNA Olivia L. Harrison, Grace E. Houston, Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Otott, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Jason C. Woodworth, Chad B. Paulk, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Cassandra K. Jones

Assessment of Soy-Based Imports into the US and Associated Foreign Animal Disease Status Allison K. Blomme, Cassandra K. Jones, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, and Chad B. Paulk

Effect of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oil Blends on Viral Load in Swine Feed and Vitamin Premix Allison K. Blomme, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Jianfa Bai, and Chad B. Paulk

Prevalence and Distribution of African Swine Fever Virus in Swine Feed After Mixing and Feed Batch Sequencing C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmina Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Jurgen A. Richt

Finishing Pig Nutrition and Management

Evaluation of a Commercial Model for Predicting Growth Performance of Pigs with Varying Diet Composition and Stocking Density M. B. Menegat, F. Wu, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

Effects of Diet Formulation and Supplementation of an Algoclay Complex-Based Feed Additive in Grow-Finish Diets on Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics L. Del Tuffo, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

Economic Model for Optimum Standardized Total Tract Digestible Phosphorus for Finishing Pigs C. M. Vier, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, U. A. Orlando, W. Cast, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, and J. M. DeRouchey

Effect of Die Retention Time on Pellet Quality and Phytase Stability of a Corn-Soybean Meal Swine Diet M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, C. K. Jones, C. H. Fahrenholz, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark

Effect of Pellet Die Thickness and Conditioning Temperature During the Pelleting Process on Phytase Stability C. N. Truelock, N. E. Ward, J. W. Wilson, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

Forage Crops

Nutrient Management Strategies to Control Broomsedge Infestation and Improve Yield and Quality of Tall Fescue Hayfields Junior I. Yasuoka, Dale Helwig, Wendie Powell, Jaymelynn K. Farney, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, and Bruno C. Pedreira

Impact of Lime, Phosphorus, and Potassium on Yield and Forage Quality on Native Hay Meadows in Southeast Kansas Junior I. Yasuoka, Wendie Powell, Walter H. Fick, and Bruno C. Pedreira

Impact of Stubble Heights on Native Hay Meadows in Southeast Kansas Junior I. Yasuoka, Wendie Powell, Walter H. Fick, and Bruno C. Pedreira

Yield and Forage Quality on Native Meadows as Affected by Burn and Fertilization Management Junior I. Yasuoka, Dale Helwig, Walter H. Fick, and Bruno C. Pedreira

Fertilization Management to Improve Stockpiled Tall Fescue in the Fall B. C. Pedreira, D. Helwig, M. Haywood, J. K. Farney, and G. Sassenrath

Grain Sorghum

Impact of Different Plant Canopy Traits on Sorghum Yields M. F. Lucero, A. J. P. Carcedo, L. Marziotte, L. Mayor, and I. A. Ciampitti

Algorithm to Estimate Sorghum Grain Number from Panicles Using Images Collected with a Smartphone at Field-Scale G. N. Santiago, A. J. P. Carcedo, L. Marziotte, and I. A. Ciampitti

Dynamics of Oil and Fatty Acid in Historical Sorghum Varieties N. S. Volpato, A. J. P. Carcedo, T. Durrett, L. Marziotte, L. Mayor, and I. A. Ciampitti

Effect of Defoliation at Different Stages on Grain Sorghum K. L. Roozeboom and B. Owuoche

Sorghum Grain Filling and Dry Down Dynamics for Hybrids Released Over the Past Six Decades in the US P. A. Demarco, L. Mayor, P. V. Prasad, C. D. Messina, and I. A. Ciampitti

Insect Control

Observations on the Seasonal Abundance of Sorghum Midge Anthony Zukoff

Efficacy of Miticides Applied at Tassel Stage for the Control of Spider Mites in Corn, 2020 A. Zukoff

Evaluation of Novel Deficit Irrigation Techniques in Western Kansas Jonathan Aguilar, Farzam Moghbel, and Forough Fazel

A Tribute to Freddie R. Lamm D. Rogers, J. Aguilar, and A. R. Tomlinson

High Yielding Corn Production with Subsurface Drip Irrigation F. R. Lamm

Efficient Irrigation Technologies for Corn—A Comparison F. R. Lamm and D. M. O'Brien

Intensification of Sprinkler-Irrigated Corn Production F. R. Lamm

Kansas River Valley Experiment Field

Timing of Strobilurin Fungicide for Control of Top Dieback in Corn Eric Adee and Stu Duncan

Grain Sorghum Response to Water Supply and Environment J. Broeckelman, G. J. Kluitenberg, K. Roozeboom, G. Cramer, Eric Adee, A. Schlegel, J. D. Holman, and I. A. Ciampitti

Sudden Death Syndrome and Soybean Planting Date Eric Adee, C. R. Little, and I. A. Ciampitti

Interaction Between Seed Treatment and Variety on Sudden Death Syndrome Symptoms and Soybean Yield Eric Adee

Tillage Study for Corn and Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, and No-till Eric Adee

Management Practices

Tillage Study for Corn and Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, and No-Tillage / Year 10 E. Adee

Historical Characterization of Sorghum Grain Filling Dynamics J. Grünberg, A. J. P. Carcedo, P. A. Demarco, L. Mayor, and I. A. Ciampitti

Yield Response to Nitrogen Management in a Corn-Soybean Sequence in North Central Kansas – 2021 Season A. A. Correndo, O. Lanza Lopez, L. F. A. Almeida, and I. A. Ciampitti

Tillage Study for Corn and Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, and No-Tillage E. Adee

Spring and Summer Cover Crop Effects on Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Yields in Western Kansas L. M. Simon, A. K. Obour, J. D. Holman, S. K. Johnson, and K. L. Roozeboom

Meat Science

The Effects of Thawing Method on Consumer Palatability Ratings of Beef Strip Loin Steaks Stephanie L. Witberler, Lindsey K. Decker, Erin S. Beyer, Morgan D. Zumbaugh, Michael D. Chao, Jessie L. Vipham, and Travis G. O'Quinn

The Effects of Thawing Methods on Trained Sensory Evaluation of Beef Palatability Traits and Instrumental Measurements of Quality Lindsey K. Decker, Erin S. Beyer, Michael D. Chao, Morgan D. Zumbaugh, Jessie L. Vipham, and Travis G. O'Quinn

Evaluation of Thawing Curves of Beef Strip Loin Steaks Using Various Thawing Methods Lauren M. Frink, Lindsey K. Decker, Erin S. Beyer, Michael D. Chao, Morgan D. Zumbaugh, Jessie L. Vipham, and Travis G. O'Quinn

A Novel Approach of Using Electrostatic Field to Reduce Thawing Time and Improve Frozen Beef Quality Grace E. Corrette, Haley J. Jeneske, Sara R. Hene, Linnea A. Rimmer, Larissa A. Koulicoff, Morgan D. Zumbaugh, Travis G. O'Quinn, Scott J. Eilert, Bret Flanders, and Michael D. Chao

Evaluation of Bovine Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms and Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area on the Eating Quality of 11 Different Beef Muscles S. Hene, H. Ness, E. Verrill, P. A. Hammond, C. K. Chun, T. G. O'Quinn, and M. D. Chao

North Central Kansas Experiment Field

Breaking Soybean Yield Barriers: A Cropping Systems Approach G. R. Balboa and I. A. Ciampitti

Balanced Nutrition and Crop Production Practices for Closing Grain Sorghum Yield Gaps B. McHenry, P. V. Vara Prasad, and I. A. Ciampitti

Grain Sorghum Yield Response to Water Availability J. P. Broeckelman, G. J. Kluitenberg, K. Roozeboom, and I. A. Ciampitti

Breaking Corn Yield Barriers: A Cropping Systems Approach G. R. Balboa and I. A. Ciampitti

Late-Season Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Soybean G. R. Balboa, D. R. Hodgins, and I. A. Ciampitti

Nursery Pig Nutrition and Management

Determining the Effects of Tryptophan Biomass on Growth Performance of 25- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs M. R. Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and K. D. Haydon

Using Caloric Efficiency to Estimate the Energy Value of Soybean Meal Relative to Corn and Its Effects on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

Effects of Soybean Meal Level on Growth Performance of 25- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena

Efficacy of Commercial Products on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs Fed Diets with Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena

Pet Food Research

Evaluation of Mixing Efficacy of Carriers for Supplemental Nutrient Premixes in Animal Feed Dalton Holt and Charles G. Aldrich

Comparison of the Antifungal Efficacy of EverWild and Citrus Extracts Challenged Against Aspergillus flavus in Semi-Moist Pet Treats Samuel Kiprotich, Janak Dhakal, Cynthia Rasmussen, and Charles G. Aldrich

Application of Encapsulated Lactic Acid to Control the Growth and Multiplication of Salmonella enterica in Raw Meat-Based Diets for Dogs Samuel Kiprotich, Eric Altom, Robert Mason, and Charles G. Aldrich

Poultry Research

Growth Performance of Broilers in Response to Increasing Concentration of Multiple Mycotoxins in Contaminated Corn Allison K. Blomme, Khairy I. Jenkins, Kara M. Dunmire, Nelsa M. Beckman, Haley K. Otott, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Effects of Dietary Amino Acid Density and Exogenous Protease Inclusion on Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Turkeys Courtney N. Truelock, Haley K. Wecker, Christopher J. Delfelder, Caitln E. Evans, Miguel A. Barrios, Charles R. Stark, Robert S. Beyer, and Chad B. Paulk

Effect of Metabolizable Energy and Crumble Quality of the Diet on Growth Performance of Broilers Nelsa M. Beckman, Khairy I. Jenkins, Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Otott, Kara M. Dunmire, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Effect of Feed Form, Corn Particle Size, and Extrusion of Corn on Broiler Performance Marut Saensukjaroenphon, Caitlin E. Evans, Cassandra K. Jones, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Effects of Dietary Amino Acid Density and Exogenous Protease Inclusion on Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal AA Digestibility in Broilers Haley K. Wecker, Courtney N. Truelock, Christopher J. Delfelder, Caitlin E. Evans, Renan A. Donadelli, Charles G. Aldrich, Miguel A. Barrios, Charles R. Stark, Robert S. Beyer, John M. Gonzalez, and Chad B. Paulk

Soil and Water Management

Effect of Burning and Tillage Options on Yields in a Continuous Wheat-Double-Crop Soybean Rotation D. W. Sweeney

Response of Soybean Grown on a Claypan Soil in Southeastern Kansas to the Residual of Different Plant Nutrient Sources and Tillage D. W. Sweeney, Philip Barnes, and Gary Pierzynski

Timing of Side-Dress Applications of Nitrogen for Corn in Conventional and No-Till Systems D. W. Sweeney and D. E. Shoup

Tillage and Nitrogen Placement Effects on Yields in a Short-Season Corn/Wheat/ Double-Crop Soybean Rotation D. W. Sweeney

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization for Newly Established Tall Fescue D. W. Sweeney, J. L. Moyer, and J. K. Farney

Soil Fertility

Irrigated Grain Sorghum Response to Long-Term Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization A. Schlegel and D. Bond

Long-Term Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization of Irrigated Grain Sorghum A. Schlegel and D. Bond

Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization of Irrigated Corn A. Schlegel and D. Bond

Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization of Irrigated Corn A. Schlegel and H. D. Bond

Irrigated Grain Sorghum Response to Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization A. Schlegel and H. D. Bond

Southeast Agricultural Research Center

Tillage and Nitrogen Placement Effects on Yields in a Short-Season Corn/Wheat/Double-Crop Soybean Rotation D. W. Sweeney

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization for Newly Established Tall Fescue D. W. Sweeney and J. L. Moyer

Seeding Rates and Fertilizer Placement to Improve Strip-Till and No-Till Corn D. W. Sweeney

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Soil and Water Management

Use of a Fungicide to Reduce Stomatal Conductance for Production of Sweet Corn Planted at Different Populations with Limited Irrigation D. W. Sweeney and M. B. Kirkham

Timing of Side-Dress Applications of N for Corn in Conventional and No-Till Systems D. W. Sweeney and D. E. Shoup

Southwest Research-Extension Center

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Suppression with Half Rates of Dicamba and Atrazine with Increasing Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Density and Nitrogen Rate I. B. Cuvaca, R. Currie, and A. J. Foster

Interaction of Seeding and Nitrogen Rate on Grain Sorghum Yield in Southwest Kansas A. J. Foster, A. Schlegel, J. D. Holman, I. A. Ciampitti, C. Thompson, and D. Ruiz Diaz

Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization of Irrigated Grain Sorghum A. Schlegel and H. D. Bond

Effect of Early Planting on Soybean Yield: 2022 Growing Season E. Adee, S. Dooley, and B. Pedreira

Do Late Season Soybean Management Practices Impact Seed Yields in East Kansas? A. A. Correndo, L. F. A. Almeida, E. Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

Soybean Seed Yield Productivity and Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Kansas L. F. A. Almeida, A. A. Correndo, E. Adee, S. Dooley, and I. A. Ciampitti

Effect of Early Planting on Soybean Yield E. Adee and S. Dooley

Co-Inoculation and Sulfur Fertilization in Soybeans L. H. Moro Rosso, A. F. de Borja Reis, S. L. Naeve, and I. A. Ciampitti

Sow Nutrition and Management

Effects of Weaning Age and Antibiotic Use on Pig Performance in a Commercial System J. E. Faccin, M. W. Allerson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

Effects of High Phytase Supplementation in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance K. L. Batson, H. Calderon Cartagena, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and J. M. DeRouchey

Effects of Oceanfeed Swine Feed Additive on Performance of Sows and Their Offspring L. Del Tuffo, F. Laskoski, C. M. Vier, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, L. A. Constance, M. Niederwerder, and E. Arkfeldt

Effects of Soybean Meal Concentration in Lactating Sow Diets on Sow and Litter Performance K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

Effect of Feeding Duration of Increased Lysine and Energy Prior to Farrowing on Sow Performance and Colostrum Quality K. M. Gourley, A. J. Swanson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

Section 1. Sow Research

The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts Included in Lactation Diets on Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia coli in Sows Jenna A. Chance, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Victor Ishengoma, T. G. Nagaraja, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Qing Kang, Joseph A. Loughmiller, and Brian Hotze

The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts Included in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance Jenna A. Chance, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joseph A. Loughmiller, and Brian Hotze

Decreasing Corn Particle Size Increases Metabolizable Energy When Fed to Gestating Sows Gage E. Nichols, Caitlin E. Evans, Julia P. Holen, Rachel N. Kort, Haley K. Wecker, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Evaluation of Supplemental Fat Sources and Pre-Farrow Essential Fatty Acid Intake on Lactating Sow Performance and Essential Fatty Acid Composition of Colostrum, Milk, and Adipose Tissue Julia P. Holen, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Effects of Providing a Sensory Attractant Powder to Suckling Pigs in Late Lactation and After Weaning on Post-Weaning Pig Performance M. R. Wensley, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Denny McKilligan, and Nathan Upah

Section 2. Nursery Pig Research

Evaluation of How Nursery Pig Performance is Affected by Fermented Corn Protein as a Replacement to Enzymatically Treated Soybean Meal Along With High or Low Branch Chain Amino Acid to Leucine Ratios Ethan B. Stas, Jenna A. Chance, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Influence of Feed Grade Amino Acid Inclusion Level in Late Nursery and Grower Diets Fed to Pigs from 21 to 75 lb Hadley R. Williams, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad W. Hastad, Zach B. Post, and Keith D. Haydon

Evaluation of Vomitoxin Control Strategies on Nursery Pig Growth Performance and Blood Measures Larissa L. Becker, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Arnau Vidal, and Christos Gougoulias

Evaluation of Vegetable Protein Sources on Nursery Pig Performance in a Commercial Environment Rafe Q. Royall, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Keith D. Haydon

Determining the Phosphorus Release of GraINzyme Phytase in Nursery Pigs Larissa L. Becker, Madie R. Wensley, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, R. Michael Raab, and Philip A. Lessard

Section 3. Finishing Pig Research

Effects of the Pelleting Process on Diet Formulations with Varying Levels of Crystalline Amino Acids and Reducing Sugars on Nursery Pig Growth Performance Kara M. Dunmire, Michaela B. Braun, Yiqin Zhang, Cassandra K. Jones, Yonghui Li, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Adam C. Fahrenholz, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Estimating the Net Energy Value of Expelled, Extruded Soybean Meal When Fed to Nursery Pigs Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Wecker, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Effects of Reducing the Digestible Lysine and Tryptophan to Lysine Ratio on Growth Performance of Grow-Finish Pigs Andres F. Tolosa, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Craig Steck, and Matt L. Wolfe

Effects of Increasing Soybean Meal in Corn-Wheat Midds-Based Diets on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Late Finishing Pigs Julia P. Holen, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Chad W. Hastad, and Zach B. Post

Effects of Increasing Soybean Meal in Diets Based on Corn and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Late Finishing Pigs Julia P. Holen, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, and Joel M. DeRouchey

Section 4. Feed Safety Research

Evaluation of Biosecurity Measures on a Commercial Swine Operation Using Glo Germ Powder as a Visible Learning Aid Olivia L. Harrison, Payton L. Dahmer, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad B. Paulk, Jason C. Woodworth, and Cassandra K. Jones

Prevalence and Distribution of African Swine Fever Virus in Swine Feed After Mixing and Feed Batch Sequencing C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmen Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Jurgen A. Richt

Feed Mitigant Efficacy for Control of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus when Inoculated Alone or Together in Feed C. Grace Elijah, Gage E. Nichols, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Steve S. Dritz, Jianfa Bai, Joe W. Anderson, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Aaron Singrey, and Chad B. Paulk

Effect of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oil Blends on Viral Load in Swine Feed and Vitamin Premix Allison K. Blomme, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Elizabeth Poulsen Porter, Jianfa Bai, and Chad B. Paulk

Section 5. Swine Health and Disease Management

Detection and Investigation of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus within a Breed-to-Finish Farm and Off-Site Nursery and Finisher Locations C. Grace Elijah, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Rachel Palinski, Chad B. Paulk, Tom Petznick, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Irrigated Sunflowers in Northwest Kansas: Productivity and Canopy Formation F. Lamm, R. M. Aiken, A. A. AbouKheira, and G. J. Seiler

Swine Health and Disease Management

Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Application in Swine Feed on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus A. B. Lerner, R. A. Cochrane, J. T. Gebhardt, S. S. Dritz, C. K. Jones, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, E. Porter, J. Anderson, P. C. Gauger, D. R. Magstadt, J. Zhang, B. Bass, T. P. Karnezos, B. de Rodas, and J. C. Woodworth

Genome Diversity and Molecular Detection of PRRS Field Strains and Vaccine Strains, and PCV3 and PCV2 Strains Y. Wang, F. Yuan, X. Liu, W. Zheng, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. Yoon, L. Peddireddi, Y. Fang, G. Anderson, and J. Bai

Identifying Immuno-Dominant and Neutralizing Epitopes from K88 Fimbriae of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) T. Lu and W. Zhang

Section 1. Swine Nutrition Research

Practical Application of Sample Size Determination Models for Assessment of Mortality Outcomes in Swine Field Trials J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, N. Cernicchiaro, A. L. Dixon, D. G. Renter, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

Evaluation of Compensatory Growth of 200 lb Finishing Pigs Previously Fed a Low Lysine Diet Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and Robert D. Goodband

Evaluation of Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Growth Rate of Pigs Beyond 200 lb Body Weight Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio on Growth and Carcass Performance of Finishing Pigs Fed Ractopamine HCl H. E. Williams, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, and J. A. Soto

Determining the Effects of Manganese Source and Level in Diets Containing High Levels of Copper on Growth Performance of Growing-Finishing Pigs H. R. Kerkaert, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and N. E. Manzke

Section 2. Feed Science Research

Effect of Added Water, Holding Time, or Phytase Analysis Method on Phytase Stability and Pellet Quality M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

Moisture Content Throughout the Pelleting Process and Subsequent Effects on Pellet Quality H. K. Wecker, R. N. Kort, C. J. Fiehler, A. M. Ogles, J. R. Froetschner, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

Evaluation of Conditioning Temperature and Die Specifications on Nursery Pig Performance M. B. Braun, K. M. Dunmire, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, J. C. Woodworth, and C. B. Paulk

Effect of Dietary Formic Acid and Lignosulfonate on Pellet Quality G. E. Nichols, C. R. Stark, A. M. Ogles, C. N. Truelock, N. M. Beckman, T. S. Winowiski, and C. B. Paulk

Effect of Pellet Cooling Method, Sample Preparation, Storage Condition, and Storage Time on Phytase Activity of a Swine Diet M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

Section 3. Feed Safety Research

Efficacy of Feed Additives Against Swine Viruses in Feed G. E. Nichols, J. T. Gebhardt, C. K. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, J. Bai, J. W. Anderson, E. Porter, F. B. Sandberg, A. Singrey, and C. B. Paulk

Evaluating the Distribution of African Swine Fever Virus Within a Feed Mill Environment Following Manufacture of Inoculated Feed C. G. Elijah, J. D. Trujillo, C. K. Jones, N. N. Gaudreault, C. R. Stark, K. R. Cool, C. B. Paulk, T. Kwon, J. C. Woodworth, I. Morozov, J. T. Gebhardt, and J. A. Richt

Section 4. Swine Health Research

Using a CO2 Surgical Laser for Piglet Castration to Reduce Pain and Inflammation, and to Improve Wound Healing A. V. Viscardi, C. A. Cull, M. D. Kleinhenz, S. Montgomery, A. Curtis, K. Lechtenberg, and J. F. Coetzee

The Impact of Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Vaccine on the Efficacy of Subunit Classical Swine Fever Vaccine R. Madera, L. Wang, A. G. Cino-Ozuna, and J. Shi

Feces of Finisher Pigs Have a Low Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli that are of Public Health Importance R. G. Amachawadi, X. Shi, J. Bai, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and T. G. Nagaraja

Swine Research

Effect of Percent Fines in Pelleted Diets on Growth Performance of Grow-Finish Pigs During Three Phases of Production Patrick A. Badger, Haley K. Otott, Adam Donnelly, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Annual Summary of Weather Data for Parsons - 2022 Matthew Sittel

Western Kansas Field Station Weather Report: 2022 Growing Season Dewayne Bond and Matthew Sittel

Field Station Weather Reports E. Adee and M. Sittel

Annual Summary of Weather Data for Parsons - 2021 M. Knapp and C. A. Redmond

Weather Information for Garden City, 2021 E. Russell

Weed Science

Residual Herbicides Alone and in Combinations for Fallow Weed Control Randall S. Currie and Patrick W. Geier

Weed Control With ImiFlex in Igrowth Forage Sorghum R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier, S. H. Lancaster, and C. M. Weber

Efficacy and Crop Response with FirstAct in ACCase-Tolerant Grain Sorghum Randall S. Currie and Patrick W. Geier

ImiFlex Evaluation at Two Kansas Locations in Igrowth Grain Sorghum P. W. Geier, R. S. Currie, S. H. Lancaster, and C. M. Weber

Residual Herbicides as Single and Sequential Treatments for Efficacy in Corn Randall S. Currie and Patrick W. Geier

Wheat Variety-Specific Response to Seeding Rate Under Intensive Management Conditions in Western Kansas in 2021–2022 R. P. Lollato, N. Giordano, L. Ryan, L. M. Simão, J. A. Romero Soler, and L. O. Pradella

Increasing Winter Wheat Grain Yield by Replicating the Management Adopted in High-Yielding Commercial Fields in Kansas during 2021–2022 L. Ryan, L. Haag, J. D. Holman, and R. P. Lollato

Allelopathic Potential of Winter Wheat Varieties for Weed Suppression C. Bott, A. Dille, A. Mohammad, L. Simão, L. O. Pradella, and R. P. Lollato

Tillering Potential and Stability of Winter Wheat Varieties Commonly Grown in Kansas L. O. Pradella and R. P. Lollato

Does Winter Wheat Yield Response to Fungicide Application Depend on Nitrogen Management? J. A. Romero Soler, L. O. Pradella, N. Giordano, G. Cruppe, and R. P. Lollato

Full Reports

2024 Cattlemen's Day Full Report

2023 Cattlemen’s Day Full Report Liz Boyle

Kansas Field Research 2023

2023 Southeast Research and Extension Center Agricultural Research Report J. K. Farney

Cattlemen's Day 2022, Beef Cattle Research

Section 1: Sow Nutrition and Management

Evaluation of Precision Feeding Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine to Meet the Lactating Sow’s Requirement and Maximize Piglet Growth Performance Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Hyatt L. Frobose, and Jason C. Woodworth

Evaluation of Precision Feeding SID Lysine to Lactating Sows on Sow and Litter Performance, Nitrogen Level, and Feed Cost Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Hyatt L. Frobose, and Jason C. Woodworth

The Effect of Live Yeast Probiotics in Lactation Diets with and without a Yeast Prebiotic in Nursery Diets on Lifetime Growth Performance, Antibody Titers, and Carcass Characteristics Abigail K. Jenkins, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joseph A. Loughmiller, and Brian T. Kremer

Pigs Weaned from Sows Fed a Feed Flavor Had Improved Nursery Performance, but Feed Flavor in the Nursery Diets did not Impact Performance Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, and Jason C. Woodworth

The Effect of Lactation Diets Supplemented with Krave AP on Sow and Litter Performance Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, and Jason C. Woodworth

Section 2: Nursery Pig Nutrition and Management

Effects of Increasing Levels of Soybean Meal in Nursery Diets on Growth Performance and Fecal Characteristics of 22- to 60-lb Pigs Jamil E. G. Faccin, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Jason C. Woodworth

Evaluation of Lactose Level Intake and Whey Permeate Form on Nursery Pig Performance Ethan B. Stas, Jason W. Frank, Tingting Wang, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Evaluation of Anchovy Fish Meal with or without Added Fish Solubles on Nursery Pig Performance Ethan B. Stas, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Evaluation of Anchovy Fish Meal with or without Added Fish Solubles Compared to Other Specialty Protein Sources on Nursery Pig Performance Ethan B. Stas, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Effects of Various Modified Corn Protein Inclusion Rates on Nursery Pig Growth Performance Rafe Q. Royall, Ty H. Kim, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Robert D. Goodband, Keith Mertz, and John F. Patience

Section 3: Growing and Finishing Pig Nutrition and Management

A Meta-Regression Analysis to Evaluate the Effects of Narasin on Grow-Finish Pig Performance Larissa L. Becker, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jenna A. Seltzer, Roger A. Arentson, Michael Shields, and Christopher L. Puls

A Multi-Trial Analysis Evaluating the Effects of Pharmacological Levels of IntelliBond Copper on Growing-Finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics Hayden R. Kerkaert, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Steve S. Dritz, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, and Hilda Calderon Cartagena

Effect of Sulfate or Hydroxychloride Forms of Zinc, Manganese, and Copper on Growth Performance, Weight Variation, Carcass Characteristics, and Economics of Grow-Finish Pigs Hilario M. Cordoba, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Chris P.A. van de Ligt

Exploring the Use of Probicon L28 and BIOPLUS 2B as Direct-Fed Microbials to Reduce Salmonella and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Market Pigs Jimeng Bai, Macie E. Reeb, Mike D. Tokach, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jessie L. Vipham, Qing Kang, John W. Schmidt, Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Morgan Miller, and Sara E. Gragg

Determining the Impact of Probicon L28 and BioPlus 2B on Finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics Macie E. Reeb, Jimeng Bai, Mike D. Tokach, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jessie L. Vipham, Qing Kang, John W. Schmidt, Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay, Morgan Miller, and Sara E. Gragg

Section 4: Herd Health and Management

Evaluation of Precision, Accuracy, and Efficiency of Scale Stabilization Settings Using LeeO Pig Tracking System Abigail K. Jenkins, Zhong-Xing Rao, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Tyler Holck, Joel Stave, and Claire Christensen

Evaluation of Variation in Nursery Pig Growth Performance Utilizing Different Allotment Strategies Abigail K. Jenkins, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, and Robert D. Goodband

Understanding the Reduction of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, and Seneca Valley Virus 1 RNA in Inoculated Feed and the Environment Following Thermal Processing Olivia L. Harrison, Haley K. Otott, Jianfa Bai, Vaughn A. Hamill, Aaron Singrey, Phillip C. Gauger, Marcelo N. Almeida, Jason C. Woodworth, Charles R. Stark, Roman M. Pogranichniy, Cassandra K. Jones, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Chad B. Paulk

Evaluating the Distribution of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, and Seneca Valley Virus 1 Inoculated Feed After the Use of Physical or Chemical Mitigants to Flush a Feed Manufacturing Facility Olivia L. Harrison, Haley K. Otott, Jianfa Bai, Vaughn A. Hamill, Aaron Singrey, Phillip C. Gauger, Marcelo N. Almeida, Jason C. Woodworth, C. R. Stark, Roman M. Pogranichniy, Cassandra K. Jones, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Chad B. Paulk

Development of a Self-Emulsifying Adjuvant for Use in Swine Vaccines Rachel Madera, Yulia Burakova, Lihua Wang, and Jishu Shi

Swine Day Endnotes

Foreword, Swine Day 2023

Foreword, Swine Day 2022

Foreword, Swine Day 2021

Swine Day Report Foreword and Acknowledgments R. D. Goodband, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, and J. C. Woodworth

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Prior Publication of A Chapter

Follow these guidelines if you have published a chapter of your thesis or dissertation as a journal article .

Saving your ETDR as a PDF

PDF is the format you will submit for the final version of your document after working in Word. The two important details of the PDF are that your formatting remains intact and your Table of Contents, Lists of Figures and Tables, and other links are clickable and go to their destination. In most cases you can use Word > Print > and then selecting PDF to output your document. You can also choose Save As > PDF in Word. You can also use Adobe Acrobat to export the Word document to PDF. In some cases, these steps can result in non-clickable links. When this happens, using Word online in your browser can be a solution. See instructions under "Outputting your ETDR as a PDF from Online Word" on the Frequently Asked Questions page.

Personal Bound Copies of Your Thesis, Dissertation or Report

You are not required by the Graduate School to submit a bound, paper copy of your ETDR. Many students, however, are interested in obtaining a bound copy for their personal use. Students can order a bound copy online by sending the PDF of your ETDR to Thesis on Demand or to PHD Book Binding . Bound copies also may be printed through K-State's University Printing , but hard-cover binding is not available.

If you have questions on any aspect of your ETDR, start by utilizing the templates, tools, and resources . Additionally, help is available through the Graduate School and the IT Service Desk. See Help and Contact Information to determine which office to contact for your specific question.

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Beyond 2020, Vision of the future: Selected papers from the sixth decennial national irrigation symposium. Trans ASABE 64(5):1449-1458.  Modeling cotton growth and yield response to irrigation practices for thermally limited growing seasons in Kansas. Trans ASABE 64(1):1-12. Career publication list for Freddie Lamm, January 2022.

Management for reduced irrigation diversions   CPIC , Burlington, CO, Feb.

A review of in-canopy and near-canopy sprinkler irrigation concepts    Trans ASABE 62(5):1355-1364. Targeted, precision irrigation for moving platforms: Selected papers from a center pivot technology transfer effort. Trans ASABE 62(5):1409-1415. Limited irrigation of grain sorghum   CPIC paper, Feb 26-27 Summary of evaluations of center pivot uniformity   CPIC Paper, Feb 26-27 Evaluation of mobile drip irrigation (MDI) and other sprinkler packages   CPIC Paper, Feb 26-27

Tillage Management and Sprinkler-Irrigated Corn Production    2018 IA Conference Paper

Trends in plant available soil water on producer fields of western Kansas.   Appl. Engr. Agric. 33(6):859-868 Erraticity of sprinkler-irrigated corn under drought     IA, November 2017 Ogallala Aquifer Program Center Pivot Irrigation Technology Transfer Effort      IA, November 2017 Differential corn response to irrigation management  ASABE annual meeting paper Center pivot irrigation system losses and efficiency    CPIC, Feb 2017 Mobile drip irrigation evaluation in corn   CPIC, Feb 2017 Mobile drip irrigation results from farm demonstration sites   CPIC, Feb 2017 Sprinkler irrigation management of modern corn hybrids under institutional constraints    CPIC, Feb 2017 Irrigation and tillage management effects on canopy formation in corn    CPIC, Feb 2017 Sorghum yield response to water and irrigation management    CPIC, Feb 2017 Irrigated sunflowers in northwest Kansas: productivity and canopy formation   CPIC, Feb 2017

Irrigation scheduling of field corn under institutional constraints   IA Technical Conference, Dec 6, 2016 Las Vegas, NV Emerging technologies for sustainable irrigation: selected papers from the 2015 ASABE and IA irrigation symposium   Trans ASABE 59(1):155-161 Performance of Center Pivot Irrigation Systems  CPIC, Feb, 2016

Promoting Efficient Water Management through Effective Outreach Education in the High Plains and Beyond: Role of the Ogallala Aquifer Program ASABE/IA Irrigation Symposium, Nov. 2015. The importance of irrigation scheduling for marginal capacity systems growing corn Appl Engr In Agric 31(2): 261-265 Irrigation scheduling remains important for low capacity systems CPIC, Feb 2015 Long term water strategy planning using Crop Water Allocator (CWA) CPIC, Feb 2015 Effective use of crop rotation and residue for irrigated agriculture CPIC , Feb 2015 A place for grain sorghum in deficit irrigation production systems? CPIC, Feb 2015 Year to year variations in crop water use functions CPIC, Feb 2015 Important agricultural soil properties Extension publication, L935 Agricultural crop water use Extension publication, L934

Soil, water, and plant relationships Extension publication, L904 Residual soil water in western Kansas after corn harvest IA, Nov. 2014 Deficit irrigation of grain and oilseed crops IA seminar, Nov. 2014 Examining the toolbox for deficit irrigation of grain and oilseed crops CPIC, Feb 2014, Career publication list of Danny Rogers Career publication list of Loyd Stone   Career publication list of Norm Klocke   Career publication list of Rob Aiken   Career publication list of Gary Clark   Career publication list of Alan Schlegel

Real Ag: Irrigation 26 minute  Public TV program on irrigation with extensive KSU comments Irrigation of Sunflowers in Northwestern Kansas IA paper, November

Sustaining irrigated agriculture with declining water supplies    Article by Tom Trout, ASABE Resource Magazine 19(4):4-7 Effect of late season water stress on corn in northwest Kansas ASABE AIM paper, Jul-Aug. 2012 A review of mechanical move sprinkler irrigation control and automation technologies .    Appl. Engr. Agric. 28(3): 389-397.  Managing diminished irrigation capacity with preseason irrigation and plant density for corn production .    Trans. ASABE 55(2): 525-531. Kansas irrigation trends CPIC, Feb 2012  Optimizing cropping systems under limited irrigation conditions CPIC , Feb 2012  Assessment of plant available soil water on producer fields in western Kansas CPIC, Feb 2012  A return look at dormant season irrigation strategies CPIC , Feb 2012  Erraticity of sprinkler irrigated corn in 2011 CPIC , Feb 2012  Crop selections and water allocations for limited irrigation CPIC , Feb 2012  Introducing the web-based version of KanSched: An ET-based irrigation scheduling tool CPIC, Feb 2012 

Equations for Drainage Component of the Field Water Balance Appl Engr in Agric. 27(3)345-350 Effect of early season water stress on corn in northwest Kansas ASABE AIM paper, Aug. 2011 Irrigation Scheduling for Corn: Macromanagement 2011 version, original paper in 1996  Preseason irrigation of corn with diminished well capacities CPIC, Feb 2011  Corn production with limited water supplies CPIC, Feb 2011 Evaluating center pivot nozzle-package performance CPIC, Feb 2011 Water use of oilseed crops CPIC, Feb 2011 PDF Format Irrigation research with sunflowers in Kansas CPIC, Feb 2011  Complete Proceedings of the 2011 Central Plains Irrigation Conference

Optimal Corn Management with Diminished Well Capacities 5th Decennial Irr Conf. A Review of Center Pivot Irrigation Control and Automation Technologies 5th Decennial Irr Conf. Technology Transfer: Promoting Irrigation Progress and Best Management Practices    5th Decennial Irr Conf. Evaluation of pressure regulators from center pivot nozzle packages , CPIC, Feb. 2010 Complete Proceedings of the 2010 Central Plains Irrigation Conference

Cotton Irrigation in Kansas Corn yield and water use characteristics as affected by tillage, plant density and irrigation A look at twenty years of SDI research in Kansas Corn irrigation macromanagement at the seasonal boundaries – Initiating and terminating the irrigation season Using the K-State Center Pivot Sprinkler and SDI Economic Comparison Spreadsheet - 2009 Keys to successful adoption of SDI: Minimizing problems and ensuring longevity Technology transfer from SDI studies    KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center (March 1989 - February 2009) Complete Proceedings of the 2009 Central Plains Irrigation Conference

Effect of tillage practices and deficit irrigation on corn CPIC, Feb 19-20, Greeley, Colorado Complete Proceedings of the 2008 Central Plains Irrigation Conference

Ensuring Equal Opportunity Sprinkler Irrigation IA Technical Conference San Diego, CA., Dec. 9-11 Is Irrigation real or am I imagining it? IA Technical Conference San Diego, CA., Dec. 9-11 Crop production and economics in Northwest Kansas as related to irrigation capacity    Appl Engr Agric 23(6):737-745 Tillage and Irrigation Capacity Effects on Corn Production ASABE paper 072283, Minn. MN Conventional, Strip and No Tillage Corn Production under Different Irrigation Capacities    CPIC, Kearney, NE Complete Proceedings of the 2007 Central Plains Irrigation Conference

Crop Production in Western Kansas as related to Irrigation Capacity ASABE Portland Corn production in clump planting patterns - Simple observations from Colby Kansas, 2006 Concepts of In-Canopy and Near-Canopy Sprinkler Irrigation ASCE-EWRI Conference, May 21-24, 2006 Irrigation Guidelines for Oilseed Crops in the U.S. Central Great Plains .    Presented at IA Conference, Nov 5-7. Irrigation of Oilseed Crops  CPIC, Feb. 21-22 Effect of tillage and irrigation capacity on corn productionCPIC , Feb. 21-22 Crop production under various irrigation systemsCPIC , Feb. 21-22 Crop water use in limited irrigation environments  CPIC, Feb. 21-22 Effect of crop residue on sprinkler irrigation management  CPIC, Feb. 21-22 Crop selections and water allocations for limited irrigation  CPIC, Feb. 21-22 Pumping plant efficiency, fuel options and costs  CPIC, Feb. 21-22 MIL evaluation of center pivot irrigation systems  CPIC, Feb. 21-22 Economics of irrigation ending date for corn: Using field demonstration results  CPIC, Feb. 21-22 Career publication list of Mahbub Alam 1996 - 2006.   Complete Proceedings of the 2006 Central Plains Irrigation Conference

Summer crop production as related to irrigation capacity  CPIC, Feb. 16-17 Impact of wide drop spacing and sprinkler height for corn production  CPIC, Feb. 16-17 Crop residue and soil water evaporation  CPIC, Feb. 16-17 Complete Proceedings of the 2005 Central Plains Irrigation Conference

Irrigation Impact and Trends in Kansas Agriculture Corn production as related to irrigation capacity  CPIC, Feb. 17-18 Water savings from crop residue in irrigated corn  CPIC, Feb. 17-18 KanSched, an ET-based irrigation scheduling tool for Kansas summer annual crops CPIC, Feb. 17-18 Complete Proceedings of the 2004 Central Plains Irrigation Conference  

End of corn irrigation season study, 2003 Brief Discussion in, 10-02-03 Drip irrigation laterals on center pivot irrigation Small discussion article and photos Corn production in the Central Great Plains as related to irrigation capacity  CPIC, Feb. 4-5, Long term effects of the drought on the Central Great Plains  CPIC, Feb. 4-5

Stop the abuse of application efficiency Resource 9(9):11-12.

Corn Yields and Profitability for Low Capacity Irrigation Systems Appl. Engr. in Agric. 17(3):315-321.  Alfalfa-based Penman Crop Coefficients for Western Kansas

The economics of converting from surface to sprinkler irrigation for various pumping capacities  KSU Extension MF 2471 bulletin Economics of Surface to Sprinkler Irrigation System Conversion for Lower Capacity Systems     CPIC paper Partitioning of Sprinkler Irrigation Water by a Corn Canopy See also KSU Irrigation software Sprinkler partitioning amounts for fully developed corn canopies Nitrogen Fertilization For Corn Production When Using Lepa Center Pivot Sprinklers Who wants to be an in-canopy irrigator?

Uniformity of in-canopy center pivot sprinkler irrigation

In-canopy sprinkler application for corn: What works and what doesn't Improvements in irrigation efficiency Efficiencies and water losses of irrigation systems.  MF-2243

Irrigation Scheduling for Corn: Macromanagement

Improvements in Irrigation Efficiency pdf format

Irrigation Scheduling with Planned Water Depletion pdf format Soil Water Survey After Corn Harvest in Northwest Kansas Storage Efficiency of Preplant Irrigation

Resource Allocation in Corn With Water Resource Constraints pdf format

Preplant Irrigation in the Central and Southern High Plains - A Review pdf format

Spreadsheet Templates For the Calculation of Penman Reference Evaporation

Soil Water Recharge Function as a Tool for Preseason Irrigation pdf format Corn Yield Response to Different Irrigation Regimes

Comparison of Spray and Impact Sprinkler Performance Relay cropping of Soybeans into Wheat

Scheduling Irrigation Using Computed Evapotranspiration

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Studies on the Value of Data

The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis has undertaken a series of studies that present methods for quantifying the value of simple data that can be differentiated from the complex data created by highly skilled workers that was studied in Calderón and Rassier 2022 . Preliminary studies in this series focus on tax data, individual credit data, and driving data. Additional examples include medical records, educational transcripts, business financial records, customer data, equipment maintenance histories, social media profiles, tourist maps, and many more. If new case studies under this topic are released, they will be added to the listing below.

• Capitalizing Data: Case Studies of Driving Records and Vehicle Insurance Claims | April 2024
• Private Funding of “Free” Data: A Theoretical Framework | April 2024
• Capitalizing Data: Case Studies of Tax Forms and Individual Credit Reports | June 2023

Rachel Soloveichik

JEL Code(s) E01 Published April 2024

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Research ethics and artificial intelligence for global health: perspectives from the global forum on bioethics in research

• James Shaw 1 , 13 ,
• Joseph Ali 2 , 3 ,
• Caesar A. Atuire 4 , 5 ,
• Phaik Yeong Cheah 6 ,
• Armando Guio Español 7 ,
• Judy Wawira Gichoya 8 ,
• Adrienne Hunt 9 ,
• Daudi Jjingo 10 ,
• Katherine Littler 9 ,
• Daniela Paolotti 11 &
• Effy Vayena 12  

BMC Medical Ethics volume  25 , Article number:  46 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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The ethical governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health care and public health continues to be an urgent issue for attention in policy, research, and practice. In this paper we report on central themes related to challenges and strategies for promoting ethics in research involving AI in global health, arising from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research (GFBR), held in Cape Town, South Africa in November 2022.

The GFBR is an annual meeting organized by the World Health Organization and supported by the Wellcome Trust, the US National Institutes of Health, the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the South African MRC. The forum aims to bring together ethicists, researchers, policymakers, research ethics committee members and other actors to engage with challenges and opportunities specifically related to research ethics. In 2022 the focus of the GFBR was “Ethics of AI in Global Health Research”. The forum consisted of 6 case study presentations, 16 governance presentations, and a series of small group and large group discussions. A total of 87 participants attended the forum from 31 countries around the world, representing disciplines of bioethics, AI, health policy, health professional practice, research funding, and bioinformatics. In this paper, we highlight central insights arising from GFBR 2022.

We describe the significance of four thematic insights arising from the forum: (1) Appropriateness of building AI, (2) Transferability of AI systems, (3) Accountability for AI decision-making and outcomes, and (4) Individual consent. We then describe eight recommendations for governance leaders to enhance the ethical governance of AI in global health research, addressing issues such as AI impact assessments, environmental values, and fair partnerships.

Conclusions

The 2022 Global Forum on Bioethics in Research illustrated several innovations in ethical governance of AI for global health research, as well as several areas in need of urgent attention internationally. This summary is intended to inform international and domestic efforts to strengthen research ethics and support the evolution of governance leadership to meet the demands of AI in global health research.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

The ethical governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health care and public health continues to be an urgent issue for attention in policy, research, and practice [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Beyond the growing number of AI applications being implemented in health care, capabilities of AI models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) expand the potential reach and significance of AI technologies across health-related fields [ 4 , 5 ]. Discussion about effective, ethical governance of AI technologies has spanned a range of governance approaches, including government regulation, organizational decision-making, professional self-regulation, and research ethics review [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In this paper, we report on central themes related to challenges and strategies for promoting ethics in research involving AI in global health research, arising from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research (GFBR), held in Cape Town, South Africa in November 2022. Although applications of AI for research, health care, and public health are diverse and advancing rapidly, the insights generated at the forum remain highly relevant from a global health perspective. After summarizing important context for work in this domain, we highlight categories of ethical issues emphasized at the forum for attention from a research ethics perspective internationally. We then outline strategies proposed for research, innovation, and governance to support more ethical AI for global health.

In this paper, we adopt the definition of AI systems provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as our starting point. Their definition states that an AI system is “a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. AI systems are designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy” [ 9 ]. The conceptualization of an algorithm as helping to constitute an AI system, along with hardware, other elements of software, and a particular context of use, illustrates the wide variety of ways in which AI can be applied. We have found it useful to differentiate applications of AI in research as those classified as “AI systems for discovery” and “AI systems for intervention”. An AI system for discovery is one that is intended to generate new knowledge, for example in drug discovery or public health research in which researchers are seeking potential targets for intervention, innovation, or further research. An AI system for intervention is one that directly contributes to enacting an intervention in a particular context, for example informing decision-making at the point of care or assisting with accuracy in a surgical procedure.

The mandate of the GFBR is to take a broad view of what constitutes research and its regulation in global health, with special attention to bioethics in Low- and Middle- Income Countries. AI as a group of technologies demands such a broad view. AI development for health occurs in a variety of environments, including universities and academic health sciences centers where research ethics review remains an important element of the governance of science and innovation internationally [ 10 , 11 ]. In these settings, research ethics committees (RECs; also known by different names such as Institutional Review Boards or IRBs) make decisions about the ethical appropriateness of projects proposed by researchers and other institutional members, ultimately determining whether a given project is allowed to proceed on ethical grounds [ 12 ].

However, research involving AI for health also takes place in large corporations and smaller scale start-ups, which in some jurisdictions fall outside the scope of research ethics regulation. In the domain of AI, the question of what constitutes research also becomes blurred. For example, is the development of an algorithm itself considered a part of the research process? Or only when that algorithm is tested under the formal constraints of a systematic research methodology? In this paper we take an inclusive view, in which AI development is included in the definition of research activity and within scope for our inquiry, regardless of the setting in which it takes place. This broad perspective characterizes the approach to “research ethics” we take in this paper, extending beyond the work of RECs to include the ethical analysis of the wide range of activities that constitute research as the generation of new knowledge and intervention in the world.

Ethical governance of AI in global health

The ethical governance of AI for global health has been widely discussed in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) released its guidelines on ethics and governance of AI for health in 2021, endorsing a set of six ethical principles and exploring the relevance of those principles through a variety of use cases. The WHO guidelines also provided an overview of AI governance, defining governance as covering “a range of steering and rule-making functions of governments and other decision-makers, including international health agencies, for the achievement of national health policy objectives conducive to universal health coverage.” (p. 81) The report usefully provided a series of recommendations related to governance of seven domains pertaining to AI for health: data, benefit sharing, the private sector, the public sector, regulation, policy observatories/model legislation, and global governance. The report acknowledges that much work is yet to be done to advance international cooperation on AI governance, especially related to prioritizing voices from Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in global dialogue.

One important point emphasized in the WHO report that reinforces the broader literature on global governance of AI is the distribution of responsibility across a wide range of actors in the AI ecosystem. This is especially important to highlight when focused on research for global health, which is specifically about work that transcends national borders. Alami et al. (2020) discussed the unique risks raised by AI research in global health, ranging from the unavailability of data in many LMICs required to train locally relevant AI models to the capacity of health systems to absorb new AI technologies that demand the use of resources from elsewhere in the system. These observations illustrate the need to identify the unique issues posed by AI research for global health specifically, and the strategies that can be employed by all those implicated in AI governance to promote ethically responsible use of AI in global health research.

RECs and the regulation of research involving AI

RECs represent an important element of the governance of AI for global health research, and thus warrant further commentary as background to our paper. Despite the importance of RECs, foundational questions have been raised about their capabilities to accurately understand and address ethical issues raised by studies involving AI. Rahimzadeh et al. (2023) outlined how RECs in the United States are under-prepared to align with recent federal policy requiring that RECs review data sharing and management plans with attention to the unique ethical issues raised in AI research for health [ 13 ]. Similar research in South Africa identified variability in understanding of existing regulations and ethical issues associated with health-related big data sharing and management among research ethics committee members [ 14 , 15 ]. The effort to address harms accruing to groups or communities as opposed to individuals whose data are included in AI research has also been identified as a unique challenge for RECs [ 16 , 17 ]. Doerr and Meeder (2022) suggested that current regulatory frameworks for research ethics might actually prevent RECs from adequately addressing such issues, as they are deemed out of scope of REC review [ 16 ]. Furthermore, research in the United Kingdom and Canada has suggested that researchers using AI methods for health tend to distinguish between ethical issues and social impact of their research, adopting an overly narrow view of what constitutes ethical issues in their work [ 18 ].

The challenges for RECs in adequately addressing ethical issues in AI research for health care and public health exceed a straightforward survey of ethical considerations. As Ferretti et al. (2021) contend, some capabilities of RECs adequately cover certain issues in AI-based health research, such as the common occurrence of conflicts of interest where researchers who accept funds from commercial technology providers are implicitly incentivized to produce results that align with commercial interests [ 12 ]. However, some features of REC review require reform to adequately meet ethical needs. Ferretti et al. outlined weaknesses of RECs that are longstanding and those that are novel to AI-related projects, proposing a series of directions for development that are regulatory, procedural, and complementary to REC functionality. The work required on a global scale to update the REC function in response to the demands of research involving AI is substantial.

These issues take greater urgency in the context of global health [ 19 ]. Teixeira da Silva (2022) described the global practice of “ethics dumping”, where researchers from high income countries bring ethically contentious practices to RECs in low-income countries as a strategy to gain approval and move projects forward [ 20 ]. Although not yet systematically documented in AI research for health, risk of ethics dumping in AI research is high. Evidence is already emerging of practices of “health data colonialism”, in which AI researchers and developers from large organizations in high-income countries acquire data to build algorithms in LMICs to avoid stricter regulations [ 21 ]. This specific practice is part of a larger collection of practices that characterize health data colonialism, involving the broader exploitation of data and the populations they represent primarily for commercial gain [ 21 , 22 ]. As an additional complication, AI algorithms trained on data from high-income contexts are unlikely to apply in straightforward ways to LMIC settings [ 21 , 23 ]. In the context of global health, there is widespread acknowledgement about the need to not only enhance the knowledge base of REC members about AI-based methods internationally, but to acknowledge the broader shifts required to encourage their capabilities to more fully address these and other ethical issues associated with AI research for health [ 8 ].

Although RECs are an important part of the story of the ethical governance of AI for global health research, they are not the only part. The responsibilities of supra-national entities such as the World Health Organization, national governments, organizational leaders, commercial AI technology providers, health care professionals, and other groups continue to be worked out internationally. In this context of ongoing work, examining issues that demand attention and strategies to address them remains an urgent and valuable task.

The GFBR is an annual meeting organized by the World Health Organization and supported by the Wellcome Trust, the US National Institutes of Health, the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the South African MRC. The forum aims to bring together ethicists, researchers, policymakers, REC members and other actors to engage with challenges and opportunities specifically related to research ethics. Each year the GFBR meeting includes a series of case studies and keynotes presented in plenary format to an audience of approximately 100 people who have applied and been competitively selected to attend, along with small-group breakout discussions to advance thinking on related issues. The specific topic of the forum changes each year, with past topics including ethical issues in research with people living with mental health conditions (2021), genome editing (2019), and biobanking/data sharing (2018). The forum is intended to remain grounded in the practical challenges of engaging in research ethics, with special interest in low resource settings from a global health perspective. A post-meeting fellowship scheme is open to all LMIC participants, providing a unique opportunity to apply for funding to further explore and address the ethical challenges that are identified during the meeting.

In 2022, the focus of the GFBR was “Ethics of AI in Global Health Research”. The forum consisted of 6 case study presentations (both short and long form) reporting on specific initiatives related to research ethics and AI for health, and 16 governance presentations (both short and long form) reporting on actual approaches to governing AI in different country settings. A keynote presentation from Professor Effy Vayena addressed the topic of the broader context for AI ethics in a rapidly evolving field. A total of 87 participants attended the forum from 31 countries around the world, representing disciplines of bioethics, AI, health policy, health professional practice, research funding, and bioinformatics. The 2-day forum addressed a wide range of themes. The conference report provides a detailed overview of each of the specific topics addressed while a policy paper outlines the cross-cutting themes (both documents are available at the GFBR website: https://www.gfbr.global/past-meetings/16th-forum-cape-town-south-africa-29-30-november-2022/ ). As opposed to providing a detailed summary in this paper, we aim to briefly highlight central issues raised, solutions proposed, and the challenges facing the research ethics community in the years to come.

In this way, our primary aim in this paper is to present a synthesis of the challenges and opportunities raised at the GFBR meeting and in the planning process, followed by our reflections as a group of authors on their significance for governance leaders in the coming years. We acknowledge that the views represented at the meeting and in our results are a partial representation of the universe of views on this topic; however, the GFBR leadership invested a great deal of resources in convening a deeply diverse and thoughtful group of researchers and practitioners working on themes of bioethics related to AI for global health including those based in LMICs. We contend that it remains rare to convene such a strong group for an extended time and believe that many of the challenges and opportunities raised demand attention for more ethical futures of AI for health. Nonetheless, our results are primarily descriptive and are thus not explicitly grounded in a normative argument. We make effort in the Discussion section to contextualize our results by describing their significance and connecting them to broader efforts to reform global health research and practice.

Uniquely important ethical issues for AI in global health research

Presentations and group dialogue over the course of the forum raised several issues for consideration, and here we describe four overarching themes for the ethical governance of AI in global health research. Brief descriptions of each issue can be found in Table  1 . Reports referred to throughout the paper are available at the GFBR website provided above.

The first overarching thematic issue relates to the appropriateness of building AI technologies in response to health-related challenges in the first place. Case study presentations referred to initiatives where AI technologies were highly appropriate, such as in ear shape biometric identification to more accurately link electronic health care records to individual patients in Zambia (Alinani Simukanga). Although important ethical issues were raised with respect to privacy, trust, and community engagement in this initiative, the AI-based solution was appropriately matched to the challenge of accurately linking electronic records to specific patient identities. In contrast, forum participants raised questions about the appropriateness of an initiative using AI to improve the quality of handwashing practices in an acute care hospital in India (Niyoshi Shah), which led to gaming the algorithm. Overall, participants acknowledged the dangers of techno-solutionism, in which AI researchers and developers treat AI technologies as the most obvious solutions to problems that in actuality demand much more complex strategies to address [ 24 ]. However, forum participants agreed that RECs in different contexts have differing degrees of power to raise issues of the appropriateness of an AI-based intervention.

The second overarching thematic issue related to whether and how AI-based systems transfer from one national health context to another. One central issue raised by a number of case study presentations related to the challenges of validating an algorithm with data collected in a local environment. For example, one case study presentation described a project that would involve the collection of personally identifiable data for sensitive group identities, such as tribe, clan, or religion, in the jurisdictions involved (South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and the US; Gakii Masunga). Doing so would enable the team to ensure that those groups were adequately represented in the dataset to ensure the resulting algorithm was not biased against specific community groups when deployed in that context. However, some members of these communities might desire to be represented in the dataset, whereas others might not, illustrating the need to balance autonomy and inclusivity. It was also widely recognized that collecting these data is an immense challenge, particularly when historically oppressive practices have led to a low-trust environment for international organizations and the technologies they produce. It is important to note that in some countries such as South Africa and Rwanda, it is illegal to collect information such as race and tribal identities, re-emphasizing the importance for cultural awareness and avoiding “one size fits all” solutions.

The third overarching thematic issue is related to understanding accountabilities for both the impacts of AI technologies and governance decision-making regarding their use. Where global health research involving AI leads to longer-term harms that might fall outside the usual scope of issues considered by a REC, who is to be held accountable, and how? This question was raised as one that requires much further attention, with law being mixed internationally regarding the mechanisms available to hold researchers, innovators, and their institutions accountable over the longer term. However, it was recognized in breakout group discussion that many jurisdictions are developing strong data protection regimes related specifically to international collaboration for research involving health data. For example, Kenya’s Data Protection Act requires that any internationally funded projects have a local principal investigator who will hold accountability for how data are shared and used [ 25 ]. The issue of research partnerships with commercial entities was raised by many participants in the context of accountability, pointing toward the urgent need for clear principles related to strategies for engagement with commercial technology companies in global health research.

The fourth and final overarching thematic issue raised here is that of consent. The issue of consent was framed by the widely shared recognition that models of individual, explicit consent might not produce a supportive environment for AI innovation that relies on the secondary uses of health-related datasets to build AI algorithms. Given this recognition, approaches such as community oversight of health data uses were suggested as a potential solution. However, the details of implementing such community oversight mechanisms require much further attention, particularly given the unique perspectives on health data in different country settings in global health research. Furthermore, some uses of health data do continue to require consent. One case study of South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia and Uganda suggested that when health data are shared across borders, individual consent remains necessary when data is transferred from certain countries (Nezerith Cengiz). Broader clarity is necessary to support the ethical governance of health data uses for AI in global health research.

Recommendations for ethical governance of AI in global health research

Dialogue at the forum led to a range of suggestions for promoting ethical conduct of AI research for global health, related to the various roles of actors involved in the governance of AI research broadly defined. The strategies are written for actors we refer to as “governance leaders”, those people distributed throughout the AI for global health research ecosystem who are responsible for ensuring the ethical and socially responsible conduct of global health research involving AI (including researchers themselves). These include RECs, government regulators, health care leaders, health professionals, corporate social accountability officers, and others. Enacting these strategies would bolster the ethical governance of AI for global health more generally, enabling multiple actors to fulfill their roles related to governing research and development activities carried out across multiple organizations, including universities, academic health sciences centers, start-ups, and technology corporations. Specific suggestions are summarized in Table  2 .

First, forum participants suggested that governance leaders including RECs, should remain up to date on recent advances in the regulation of AI for health. Regulation of AI for health advances rapidly and takes on different forms in jurisdictions around the world. RECs play an important role in governance, but only a partial role; it was deemed important for RECs to acknowledge how they fit within a broader governance ecosystem in order to more effectively address the issues within their scope. Not only RECs but organizational leaders responsible for procurement, researchers, and commercial actors should all commit to efforts to remain up to date about the relevant approaches to regulating AI for health care and public health in jurisdictions internationally. In this way, governance can more adequately remain up to date with advances in regulation.

Second, forum participants suggested that governance leaders should focus on ethical governance of health data as a basis for ethical global health AI research. Health data are considered the foundation of AI development, being used to train AI algorithms for various uses [ 26 ]. By focusing on ethical governance of health data generation, sharing, and use, multiple actors will help to build an ethical foundation for AI development among global health researchers.

Third, forum participants believed that governance processes should incorporate AI impact assessments where appropriate. An AI impact assessment is the process of evaluating the potential effects, both positive and negative, of implementing an AI algorithm on individuals, society, and various stakeholders, generally over time frames specified in advance of implementation [ 27 ]. Although not all types of AI research in global health would warrant an AI impact assessment, this is especially relevant for those studies aiming to implement an AI system for intervention into health care or public health. Organizations such as RECs can use AI impact assessments to boost understanding of potential harms at the outset of a research project, encouraging researchers to more deeply consider potential harms in the development of their study.

Fourth, forum participants suggested that governance decisions should incorporate the use of environmental impact assessments, or at least the incorporation of environment values when assessing the potential impact of an AI system. An environmental impact assessment involves evaluating and anticipating the potential environmental effects of a proposed project to inform ethical decision-making that supports sustainability [ 28 ]. Although a relatively new consideration in research ethics conversations [ 29 ], the environmental impact of building technologies is a crucial consideration for the public health commitment to environmental sustainability. Governance leaders can use environmental impact assessments to boost understanding of potential environmental harms linked to AI research projects in global health over both the shorter and longer terms.

Fifth, forum participants suggested that governance leaders should require stronger transparency in the development of AI algorithms in global health research. Transparency was considered essential in the design and development of AI algorithms for global health to ensure ethical and accountable decision-making throughout the process. Furthermore, whether and how researchers have considered the unique contexts into which such algorithms may be deployed can be surfaced through stronger transparency, for example in describing what primary considerations were made at the outset of the project and which stakeholders were consulted along the way. Sharing information about data provenance and methods used in AI development will also enhance the trustworthiness of the AI-based research process.

Sixth, forum participants suggested that governance leaders can encourage or require community engagement at various points throughout an AI project. It was considered that engaging patients and communities is crucial in AI algorithm development to ensure that the technology aligns with community needs and values. However, participants acknowledged that this is not a straightforward process. Effective community engagement requires lengthy commitments to meeting with and hearing from diverse communities in a given setting, and demands a particular set of skills in communication and dialogue that are not possessed by all researchers. Encouraging AI researchers to begin this process early and build long-term partnerships with community members is a promising strategy to deepen community engagement in AI research for global health. One notable recommendation was that research funders have an opportunity to incentivize and enable community engagement with funds dedicated to these activities in AI research in global health.

Seventh, forum participants suggested that governance leaders can encourage researchers to build strong, fair partnerships between institutions and individuals across country settings. In a context of longstanding imbalances in geopolitical and economic power, fair partnerships in global health demand a priori commitments to share benefits related to advances in medical technologies, knowledge, and financial gains. Although enforcement of this point might be beyond the remit of RECs, commentary will encourage researchers to consider stronger, fairer partnerships in global health in the longer term.

Eighth, it became evident that it is necessary to explore new forms of regulatory experimentation given the complexity of regulating a technology of this nature. In addition, the health sector has a series of particularities that make it especially complicated to generate rules that have not been previously tested. Several participants highlighted the desire to promote spaces for experimentation such as regulatory sandboxes or innovation hubs in health. These spaces can have several benefits for addressing issues surrounding the regulation of AI in the health sector, such as: (i) increasing the capacities and knowledge of health authorities about this technology; (ii) identifying the major problems surrounding AI regulation in the health sector; (iii) establishing possibilities for exchange and learning with other authorities; (iv) promoting innovation and entrepreneurship in AI in health; and (vi) identifying the need to regulate AI in this sector and update other existing regulations.

Ninth and finally, forum participants believed that the capabilities of governance leaders need to evolve to better incorporate expertise related to AI in ways that make sense within a given jurisdiction. With respect to RECs, for example, it might not make sense for every REC to recruit a member with expertise in AI methods. Rather, it will make more sense in some jurisdictions to consult with members of the scientific community with expertise in AI when research protocols are submitted that demand such expertise. Furthermore, RECs and other approaches to research governance in jurisdictions around the world will need to evolve in order to adopt the suggestions outlined above, developing processes that apply specifically to the ethical governance of research using AI methods in global health.

Research involving the development and implementation of AI technologies continues to grow in global health, posing important challenges for ethical governance of AI in global health research around the world. In this paper we have summarized insights from the 2022 GFBR, focused specifically on issues in research ethics related to AI for global health research. We summarized four thematic challenges for governance related to AI in global health research and nine suggestions arising from presentations and dialogue at the forum. In this brief discussion section, we present an overarching observation about power imbalances that frames efforts to evolve the role of governance in global health research, and then outline two important opportunity areas as the field develops to meet the challenges of AI in global health research.

Dialogue about power is not unfamiliar in global health, especially given recent contributions exploring what it would mean to de-colonize global health research, funding, and practice [ 30 , 31 ]. Discussions of research ethics applied to AI research in global health contexts are deeply infused with power imbalances. The existing context of global health is one in which high-income countries primarily located in the “Global North” charitably invest in projects taking place primarily in the “Global South” while recouping knowledge, financial, and reputational benefits [ 32 ]. With respect to AI development in particular, recent examples of digital colonialism frame dialogue about global partnerships, raising attention to the role of large commercial entities and global financial capitalism in global health research [ 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, the power of governance organizations such as RECs to intervene in the process of AI research in global health varies widely around the world, depending on the authorities assigned to them by domestic research governance policies. These observations frame the challenges outlined in our paper, highlighting the difficulties associated with making meaningful change in this field.

Despite these overarching challenges of the global health research context, there are clear strategies for progress in this domain. Firstly, AI innovation is rapidly evolving, which means approaches to the governance of AI for health are rapidly evolving too. Such rapid evolution presents an important opportunity for governance leaders to clarify their vision and influence over AI innovation in global health research, boosting the expertise, structure, and functionality required to meet the demands of research involving AI. Secondly, the research ethics community has strong international ties, linked to a global scholarly community that is committed to sharing insights and best practices around the world. This global community can be leveraged to coordinate efforts to produce advances in the capabilities and authorities of governance leaders to meaningfully govern AI research for global health given the challenges summarized in our paper.

Limitations

Our paper includes two specific limitations that we address explicitly here. First, it is still early in the lifetime of the development of applications of AI for use in global health, and as such, the global community has had limited opportunity to learn from experience. For example, there were many fewer case studies, which detail experiences with the actual implementation of an AI technology, submitted to GFBR 2022 for consideration than was expected. In contrast, there were many more governance reports submitted, which detail the processes and outputs of governance processes that anticipate the development and dissemination of AI technologies. This observation represents both a success and a challenge. It is a success that so many groups are engaging in anticipatory governance of AI technologies, exploring evidence of their likely impacts and governing technologies in novel and well-designed ways. It is a challenge that there is little experience to build upon of the successful implementation of AI technologies in ways that have limited harms while promoting innovation. Further experience with AI technologies in global health will contribute to revising and enhancing the challenges and recommendations we have outlined in our paper.

Second, global trends in the politics and economics of AI technologies are evolving rapidly. Although some nations are advancing detailed policy approaches to regulating AI more generally, including for uses in health care and public health, the impacts of corporate investments in AI and political responses related to governance remain to be seen. The excitement around large language models (LLMs) and large multimodal models (LMMs) has drawn deeper attention to the challenges of regulating AI in any general sense, opening dialogue about health sector-specific regulations. The direction of this global dialogue, strongly linked to high-profile corporate actors and multi-national governance institutions, will strongly influence the development of boundaries around what is possible for the ethical governance of AI for global health. We have written this paper at a point when these developments are proceeding rapidly, and as such, we acknowledge that our recommendations will need updating as the broader field evolves.

Ultimately, coordination and collaboration between many stakeholders in the research ethics ecosystem will be necessary to strengthen the ethical governance of AI in global health research. The 2022 GFBR illustrated several innovations in ethical governance of AI for global health research, as well as several areas in need of urgent attention internationally. This summary is intended to inform international and domestic efforts to strengthen research ethics and support the evolution of governance leadership to meet the demands of AI in global health research.

Data availability

All data and materials analyzed to produce this paper are available on the GFBR website: https://www.gfbr.global/past-meetings/16th-forum-cape-town-south-africa-29-30-november-2022/ .

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the outstanding contributions of the attendees of GFBR 2022 in Cape Town, South Africa. This paper is authored by members of the GFBR 2022 Planning Committee. We would like to acknowledge additional members Tamra Lysaght, National University of Singapore, and Niresh Bhagwandin, South African Medical Research Council, for their input during the planning stages and as reviewers of the applications to attend the Forum.

This work was supported by Wellcome [222525/Z/21/Z], the US National Institutes of Health, the UK Medical Research Council (part of UK Research and Innovation), and the South African Medical Research Council through funding to the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research.

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Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Department of Philosophy and Classics, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana

Caesar A. Atuire

Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Phaik Yeong Cheah

Berkman Klein Center, Harvard University, Bogotá, Colombia

Armando Guio Español

Department of Radiology and Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

Judy Wawira Gichoya

Health Ethics & Governance Unit, Research for Health Department, Science Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Adrienne Hunt & Katherine Littler

African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Science, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Daudi Jjingo

ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy

Daniela Paolotti

Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

Effy Vayena

Joint Centre for Bioethics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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JS led the writing, contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. JA contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. CA contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. PYC contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. AE contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. JWG contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. AH contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. DJ contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. KL contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. DP contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper. EV contributed to conceptualization and analysis, critically reviewed and provided feedback on drafts of this paper, and provided final approval of the paper.

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Shaw, J., Ali, J., Atuire, C.A. et al. Research ethics and artificial intelligence for global health: perspectives from the global forum on bioethics in research. BMC Med Ethics 25 , 46 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-024-01044-w

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-024-01044-w

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FTC Announces Rule Banning Noncompetes

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Today, the Federal Trade Commission issued a final rule to promote competition by banning noncompetes nationwide, protecting the fundamental freedom of workers to change jobs, increasing innovation, and fostering new business formation.

“Noncompete clauses keep wages low, suppress new ideas, and rob the American economy of dynamism, including from the more than 8,500 new startups that would be created a year once noncompetes are banned,” said FTC Chair Lina M. Khan. “The FTC’s final rule to ban noncompetes will ensure Americans have the freedom to pursue a new job, start a new business, or bring a new idea to market.”

The FTC estimates that the final rule banning noncompetes will lead to new business formation growing by 2.7% per year, resulting in more than 8,500 additional new businesses created each year. The final rule is expected to result in higher earnings for workers, with estimated earnings increasing for the average worker by an additional $524 per year, and it is expected to lower health care costs by up to $194 billion over the next decade. In addition, the final rule is expected to help drive innovation, leading to an estimated average increase of 17,000 to 29,000 more patents each year for the next 10 years under the final rule.

Noncompetes are a widespread and often exploitative practice imposing contractual conditions that prevent workers from taking a new job or starting a new business. Noncompetes often force workers to either stay in a job they want to leave or bear other significant harms and costs, such as being forced to switch to a lower-paying field, being forced to relocate, being forced to leave the workforce altogether, or being forced to defend against expensive litigation. An estimated 30 million workers—nearly one in five Americans—are subject to a noncompete.

Under the FTC’s new rule, existing noncompetes for the vast majority of workers will no longer be enforceable after the rule’s effective date. Existing noncompetes for senior executives - who represent less than 0.75% of workers - can remain in force under the FTC’s final rule, but employers are banned from entering into or attempting to enforce any new noncompetes, even if they involve senior executives. Employers will be required to provide notice to workers other than senior executives who are bound by an existing noncompete that they will not be enforcing any noncompetes against them.

In January 2023, the FTC issued a  proposed rule which was subject to a 90-day public comment period. The FTC received more than 26,000 comments on the proposed rule, with over 25,000 comments in support of the FTC’s proposed ban on noncompetes. The comments informed the FTC’s final rulemaking process, with the FTC carefully reviewing each comment and making changes to the proposed rule in response to the public’s feedback.

In the final rule, the Commission has determined that it is an unfair method of competition, and therefore a violation of Section 5 of the FTC Act, for employers to enter into noncompetes with workers and to enforce certain noncompetes.

The Commission found that noncompetes tend to negatively affect competitive conditions in labor markets by inhibiting efficient matching between workers and employers. The Commission also found that noncompetes tend to negatively affect competitive conditions in product and service markets, inhibiting new business formation and innovation. There is also evidence that noncompetes lead to increased market concentration and higher prices for consumers.

Alternatives to Noncompetes

The Commission found that employers have several alternatives to noncompetes that still enable firms to protect their investments without having to enforce a noncompete.

Trade secret laws and non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) both provide employers with well-established means to protect proprietary and other sensitive information. Researchers estimate that over 95% of workers with a noncompete already have an NDA.

The Commission also finds that instead of using noncompetes to lock in workers, employers that wish to retain employees can compete on the merits for the worker’s labor services by improving wages and working conditions.

Changes from the NPRM

Under the final rule, existing noncompetes for senior executives can remain in force. Employers, however, are prohibited from entering into or enforcing new noncompetes with senior executives. The final rule defines senior executives as workers earning more than $151,164 annually and who are in policy-making positions.

Additionally, the Commission has eliminated a provision in the proposed rule that would have required employers to legally modify existing noncompetes by formally rescinding them. That change will help to streamline compliance.

Instead, under the final rule, employers will simply have to provide notice to workers bound to an existing noncompete that the noncompete agreement will not be enforced against them in the future. To aid employers’ compliance with this requirement, the Commission has included model language in the final rule that employers can use to communicate to workers. 

The Commission vote to approve the issuance of the final rule was 3-2 with Commissioners Melissa Holyoak and Andrew N. Ferguson voting no. Commissioners Rebecca Kelly Slaughter , Alvaro Bedoya , Melissa Holyoak and Andrew N. Ferguson each issued separate statements. Chair Lina M. Khan will issue a separate statement.

The final rule will become effective 120 days after publication in the Federal Register.

Once the rule is effective, market participants can report information about a suspected violation of the rule to the Bureau of Competition by emailing  [email protected] . 

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A Peek Inside the Brains of ‘Super-Agers’

New research explores why some octogenarians have exceptional memories.

By Dana G. Smith

When it comes to aging, we tend to assume that cognition gets worse as we get older. Our thoughts may slow down or become confused, or we may start to forget things, like the name of our high school English teacher or what we meant to buy at the grocery store.

But that’s not the case for everyone.

For a little over a decade, scientists have been studying a subset of people they call “super-agers.” These individuals are age 80 and up, but they have the memory ability of a person 20 to 30 years younger.

Most research on aging and memory focuses on the other side of the equation — people who develop dementia in their later years. But, “if we’re constantly talking about what’s going wrong in aging, it’s not capturing the full spectrum of what’s happening in the older adult population,” said Emily Rogalski, a professor of neurology at the University of Chicago, who published one of the first studies on super-agers in 2012.

A paper published Monday in the Journal of Neuroscience helps shed light on what’s so special about the brains of super-agers. The biggest takeaway, in combination with a companion study that came out last year on the same group of individuals, is that their brains have less atrophy than their peers’ do.

The research was conducted on 119 octogenarians from Spain: 64 super-agers and 55 older adults with normal memory abilities for their age. The participants completed multiple tests assessing their memory, motor and verbal skills; underwent brain scans and blood draws; and answered questions about their lifestyle and behaviors.

The scientists found that the super-agers had more volume in areas of the brain important for memory, most notably the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. They also had better preserved connectivity between regions in the front of the brain that are involved in cognition. Both the super-agers and the control group showed minimal signs of Alzheimer’s disease in their brains.

“By having two groups that have low levels of Alzheimer’s markers, but striking cognitive differences and striking differences in their brain, then we’re really speaking to a resistance to age-related decline,” said Dr. Bryan Strange, a professor of clinical neuroscience at the Polytechnic University of Madrid, who led the studies.

These findings are backed up by Dr. Rogalski’s research , initially conducted when she was at Northwestern University, which showed that super-agers’ brains looked more like 50- or 60-year-olds’ brains than their 80-year-old peers. When followed over several years, the super-agers’ brains atrophied at a slower rate than average.

No precise numbers exist on how many super-agers there are among us, but Dr. Rogalski said they’re “relatively rare,” noting that “far less than 10 percent” of the people she sees end up meeting the criteria.

But when you meet a super-ager, you know it, Dr. Strange said. “They are really quite energetic people, you can see. Motivated, on the ball, elderly individuals.”

Experts don’t know how someone becomes a super-ager, though there were a few differences in health and lifestyle behaviors between the two groups in the Spanish study. Most notably, the super-agers had slightly better physical health, both in terms of blood pressure and glucose metabolism, and they performed better on a test of mobility . The super-agers didn’t report doing more exercise at their current age than the typical older adults, but they were more active in middle age. They also reported better mental health .

But overall, Dr. Strange said, there were a lot of similarities between the super-agers and the regular agers. “There are a lot of things that are not particularly striking about them,” he said. And, he added, “we see some surprising omissions, things that you would expect to be associated with super-agers that weren’t really there.” For example, there were no differences between the groups in terms of their diets, the amount of sleep they got, their professional backgrounds or their alcohol and tobacco use.

The behaviors of some of the Chicago super-agers were similarly a surprise. Some exercised regularly, but some never had; some stuck to a Mediterranean diet, others subsisted off TV dinners; and a few of them still smoked cigarettes. However, one consistency among the group was that they tended to have strong social relationships , Dr. Rogalski said.

“In an ideal world, you’d find out that, like, all the super-agers, you know, ate six tomatoes every day and that was the key,” said Tessa Harrison, an assistant project scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, who collaborated with Dr. Rogalski on the first Chicago super-ager study.

Instead, Dr. Harrison continued, super-agers probably have “some sort of lucky predisposition or some resistance mechanism in the brain that’s on the molecular level that we don’t understand yet,” possibly related to their genes.

While there isn’t a recipe for becoming a super-ager, scientists do know that, in general , eating healthily, staying physically active, getting enough sleep and maintaining social connections are important for healthy brain aging.

Dana G. Smith is a Times reporter covering personal health, particularly aging and brain health. More about Dana G. Smith

A Guide to Aging Well

Looking to grow old gracefully we can help..

The “car key conversation,” when it’s time for an aging driver to hit the brakes, can be painful for families to navigate . Experts say there are ways to have it with empathy and care.

Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting both increase longevity in animals, aging experts say. Here’s what that means for you .

Researchers are investigating how our biology changes as we grow older — and whether there are ways to stop it .

You need more than strength to age well — you also need power. Here’s how to measure how much power you have  and here’s how to increase yours .

Ignore the hyperbaric chambers and infrared light: These are the evidence-backed secrets to aging well .

Your body’s need for fuel shifts as you get older. Your eating habits should shift , too.

People who think positively about getting older often live longer, healthier lives. These tips can help you reconsider your perspective .

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Physicists arrange atoms in extremely close proximity

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Proximity is key for many quantum phenomena, as interactions between atoms are stronger when the particles are close. In many quantum simulators, scientists arrange atoms as close together as possible to explore exotic states of matter and build new quantum materials.

They typically do this by cooling the atoms to a stand-still, then using laser light to position the particles as close as 500 nanometers apart — a limit that is set by the wavelength of light. Now, MIT physicists have developed a technique that allows them to arrange atoms in much closer proximity, down to a mere 50 nanometers. For context, a red blood cell is about 1,000 nanometers wide.

The physicists demonstrated the new approach in experiments with dysprosium, which is the most magnetic atom in nature. They used the new approach to manipulate two layers of dysprosium atoms, and positioned the layers precisely 50 nanometers apart. At this extreme proximity, the magnetic interactions were 1,000 times stronger than if the layers were separated by 500 nanometers.

What’s more, the scientists were able to measure two new effects caused by the atoms’ proximity. Their enhanced magnetic forces caused “thermalization,” or the transfer of heat from one layer to another, as well as synchronized oscillations between layers. These effects petered out as the layers were spaced farther apart.

“We have gone from positioning atoms from 500 nanometers to 50 nanometers apart, and there is a lot you can do with this,” says Wolfgang Ketterle, the John D. MacArthur Professor of Physics at MIT. “At 50 nanometers, the behavior of atoms is so much different that we’re really entering a new regime here.”

Ketterle and his colleagues say the new approach can be applied to many other atoms to study quantum phenomena. For their part, the group plans to use the technique to manipulate atoms into configurations that could generate the first purely magnetic quantum gate — a key building block for a new type of quantum computer.

The team has published their results today in the journal Science . The study’s co-authors include lead author and physics graduate student Li Du, along with Pierre Barral, Michael Cantara, Julius de Hond, and Yu-Kun Lu — all members of the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, the Department of Physics, and the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT.

Peaks and valleys

To manipulate and arrange atoms, physicists typically first cool a cloud of atoms to temperatures approaching absolute zero, then use a system of laser beams to corral the atoms into an optical trap.

Laser light is an electromagnetic wave with a specific wavelength (the distance between maxima of the electric field) and frequency. The wavelength limits the smallest pattern into which light can be shaped to typically 500 nanometers, the so-called optical resolution limit. Since atoms are attracted by laser light of certain frequencies, atoms will be positioned at the points of peak laser intensity. For this reason, existing techniques have been limited in how close they can position atomic particles, and could not be used to explore phenomena that happen at much shorter distances.

“Conventional techniques stop at 500 nanometers, limited not by the atoms but by the wavelength of light,” Ketterle explains. “We have found now a new trick with light where we can break through that limit.”

The team’s new approach, like current techniques, starts by cooling a cloud of atoms — in this case, to about 1 microkelvin, just a hair above absolute zero — at which point, the atoms come to a near-standstill. Physicists can then use lasers to move the frozen particles into desired configurations.

Then, Du and his collaborators worked with two laser beams, each with a different frequency, or color, and circular polarization, or direction of the laser’s electric field. When the two beams travel through a super-cooled cloud of atoms, the atoms can orient their spin in opposite directions, following either of the two lasers’ polarization. The result is that the beams produce two groups of the same atoms, only with opposite spins.

Each laser beam formed a standing wave, a periodic pattern of electric field intensity with a spatial period of 500 nanometers. Due to their different polarizations, each standing wave attracted and corralled one of two groups of atoms, depending on their spin. The lasers could be overlaid and tuned such that the distance between their respective peaks is as small as 50 nanometers, meaning that the atoms gravitating to each respective laser’s peaks would be separated by the same 50 nanometers.

But in order for this to happen, the lasers would have to be extremely stable and immune to all external noise, such as from shaking or even breathing on the experiment. The team realized they could stabilize both lasers by directing them through an optical fiber, which served to lock the light beams in place in relation to each other.

“The idea of sending both beams through the optical fiber meant the whole machine could shake violently, but the two laser beams stayed absolutely stable with respect to each others,” Du says.

Magnetic forces at close range

As a first test of their new technique, the team used atoms of dysprosium — a rare-earth metal that is one of the strongest magnetic elements in the periodic table, particularly at ultracold temperatures. However, at the scale of atoms, the element’s magnetic interactions are relatively weak at distances of even 500 nanometers. As with common refrigerator magnets, the magnetic attraction between atoms increases with proximity, and the scientists suspected that if their new technique could space dysprosium atoms as close as 50 nanometers apart, they might observe the emergence of otherwise weak interactions between the magnetic atoms.

“We could suddenly have magnetic interactions, which used to be almost neglible but now are really strong,” Ketterle says.

The team applied their technique to dysprosium, first super-cooling the atoms, then passing two lasers through to split the atoms into two spin groups, or layers. They then directed the lasers through an optical fiber to stabilize them, and found that indeed, the two layers of dysprosium atoms gravitated to their respective laser peaks, which in effect separated the layers of atoms by 50 nanometers — the closest distance that any ultracold atom experiment has been able to achieve.

At this extremely close proximity, the atoms’ natural magnetic interactions were significantly enhanced, and were 1,000 times stronger than if they were positioned 500 nanometers apart. The team observed that these interactions resulted in two novel quantum phenomena: collective oscillation, in which one layer’s vibrations caused the other layer to vibrate in sync; and thermalization, in which one layer transferred heat to the other, purely through magnetic fluctuations in the atoms.

“Until now, heat between atoms could only by exchanged when they were in the same physical space and could collide,” Du notes. “Now we have seen atomic layers, separated by vacuum, and they exchange heat via fluctuating magnetic fields.”

The team’s results introduce a new technique that can be used to position many types of atom in close proximity. They also show that atoms, placed close enough together, can exhibit interesting quantum phenomena, that could be harnessed to build new quantum materials, and potentially, magnetically-driven atomic systems for quantum computers.

“We are really bringing super-resolution methods to the field, and it will become a general tool for doing quantum simulations,” Ketterle says. “There are many variants possible, which we are working on.”

This research was funded, in part, by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Defense.

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House Republicans launch investigation into federal funding for universities amid campus protests

Speaker Johnson says Congress will act if universities won’t crack down on campus protesters

Speaker of the House Mike Johnson (R-LA) speaks to the media on the Low Library steps on Columbia University’s campus in New York on Wednesday April 24, 2024. (AP Photo/Stefan Jeremiah)

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Student protesters camp on the campus of Columbia University, Tuesday, April 30, 2024, in New York. Early Tuesday, dozens of protesters took over Hamilton Hall, locking arms and carrying furniture and metal barricades to the building. Columbia responded by restricting access to campus. (Pool Photo/Mary Altaffer)

Protesters make signs in an encampment area on the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee campus,Tuesday, April 30, 2024, in Milwaukee. The Pro-Palestinian rally is calling for the University to cut ties with Israel and for peace in Gaza. (AP Photo/Morry Gash)

WASHINGTON (AP) — House Republicans on Tuesday announced an investigation into the federal funding for universities where students have protested the Israel-Hamas war, broadening a campaign that has placed heavy scrutiny on how presidents at the nation’s most prestigious colleges have dealt with reports of antisemitism on campus.

Several House committees will be tasked with a wide probe that ultimately threatens to withhold federal research grants and other government support to the universities, placing another pressure point on campus administrators who are struggling to manage pro-Palestinian encampments, allegations of discrimination against Jewish students and questions of how they are integrating free speech and campus safety.

The House investigation follows several recent high-profile hearings that precipitated the resignations of presidents at Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania. And House Republicans promised more scrutiny, saying they were calling on the administrators of Yale, UCLA and the University of Michigan to testify next month.

“We will not allow antisemitism to thrive on campus, and we will hold these universities accountable for their failure to protect Jewish students on campus,” said House Speaker Mike Johnson at a news conference.

Nationwide, campus protesters have called for their institutions to cut financial ties to Israel and decried how thousands of civilians in Gaza have been killed by Israel following the deadly attack by Hamas on Oct. 7.

Some organizers have called for Hamas to violently seize Israeli territory and derided Zionism . Jewish students, meanwhile, have reported being targeted and say campus administrators have not done enough to protect them.

After Johnson visited Columbia last week with several other top House Republicans, he said “the anti-Jewish hatred was appalling.”

Republicans are also turning to the issue at a time when election season is fully underway and leadership needs a cause that unites them and divides Democrats. The House GOP’s impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden has fallen flat and the Republican conference is smarting after a series of important bills left GOP lawmakers deeply divided. Democrats have feuded internally at times over the Israel-Hamas war and how campus administrators have handled the protests.

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, a New York Democrat, said in a floor speech Tuesday that it was “unacceptable when Jewish students are targeted for being Jewish, when protests exhibit verbal abuse, systemic intimidation, or glorification of the murderous and hateful Hamas or the violence of October 7th.”

Rep. Pete Aguilar, the No. 3 House Democrat, at a news conference Tuesday said that it was important for colleges “to ensure that everybody has an ability to protest and to make their voice heard but they have a responsibility to honor the safety of individuals.”

“For many of Jewish descent, they do not feel safe, and that is a real issue,” he said, but added that he wanted to allow university administrators to act before Congress stepped in.

But the Republican speaker promised to use “all the tools available” to push the universities. Johnson was joined by chairs for six committees with jurisdiction over a wide range of government programs, including National Science Foundation grants, health research grants, visas for international students and the tax code for nonprofit universities.

Without Democratic support in the divided Congress, it is not clear what legislative punishments House Republicans could actually implement. Any bills from the House would be unlikely to advance in the Democratic-controlled Senate.

But so far, the House hearings with university presidents have produced viral moments and given Republicans high-profile opportunities to denounce campuses as hotbeds of antisemitism. In December, the presidents of Ivy League universities struggled to answer pointed questions about whether “calling for the genocide of Jews” would violate each university’s code of conduct.

Rep. Elise Stefanik, the New York Republican who posed the question in the December hearing, said it became the highest-viewed congressional hearing in history. She also cast the campaign against antisemitism as part of a broader conservative push against what they say is overt liberal bias at elite American universities.

“Enough is enough,” she said. “It is time to restore law and order, academic integrity and moral decency to America’s higher education institutions.”

The House Committee on Education and the Workforce is also requesting that the administrators of Yale, UCLA and the University of Michigan appear at a hearing on May 23 that focuses on how they handled the recent protests.

“As Republican leaders, we have a clear message for mealy-mouthed, spineless leaders: Congress will not tolerate your dereliction of duty to your Jewish students,” said the committee chair, North Carolina Rep. Virginia Foxx.

At a hearing of the committee earlier this month, Columbia University’s president took a firm stance against antisemitism. But at the same time, a protest was underway on Columbia’s campus that would soon set off others like it nationwide. The university began suspending students this week in an attempt to clear the protest encampment on campus.

The university is also facing federal legal complaints. A class-action lawsuit on behalf of Jewish students alleges Columbia breached its contract by failing to maintain a safe learning environment.

Meanwhile, a legal group representing pro-Palestinian students is urging the U.S. Department of Education’s civil rights office to investigate whether Columbia’s treatment of the protesting students violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell called on university administrators to “take charge.”

“On campus, protect Jewish community members. Clear the encampments. Let students go to class and take their exams. And allow graduations to proceed,” he said.