the weather in armenia essay

Climate - Armenia

The climate in detail

• The cities - Yerevan, Gyumri, Sevan

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Seasons in armenia.

Although Armenia is located in the zone of subtropical climate actual subtropical weather is observed only in southern edge of the country. The rest of the country has mild continental weather taking into account mountainous relief. This feature causes unstable and patchy nature of weather conditions in Armenia.

Scale of unevenness of distribution of the weather is impressive. Occasionally difference between temperature of opposite pats of certain town may reach 4 °C (7 °F). Weather in the Capital (Yerevan) is very dry at summer and cold at winter. In fact it is the coldest spot in whole country. In lands with lower altitude weather is comfortable.

Spring in Armenia

Spring comes to plains first at first days of March. Population of higher regions welcomes spring only with beginning of April. Nature blasts with juicy vegetation and average daytime temperature reaches 12 °C (54 °F). Same time highlands may have average temperature of -1 °C (30 °F). At April gardens begin to bloom and temperature rises to about 18-19 °C in plains (64-66 °F) while on higher territories thermometer shows 5 °C (41 °F).

Overall precipitation levels are rather high yet weather is mostly sunny and comfortable. At May air becomes even warmer with about 24 °C (75 °F) in plains and 12 °C (54 °F) in mountains. Nights stay cold with frosts in higher altitudes.

Climate of the Spring Months

( Yerevan )

Spring Holidays

Easter celebrations with variable dates at March-April. 8 March – International Women’s Holiday.

7 April – Motherhood and Beauty Day. 24 April – Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day.

1 May – International Workers' Day. 8 May – Country keeper's day. 9 May – Victory and Peace Day. 15 May – Family Day 16 May – Students and Youth Day. 28 May – Republic Day

Summer in Armenia

Delay of seasons shift between plain and mountainous regions applies to summer too. Good weather in flatlands starts right away at beginning of June while population of higher localities waits for last days of same months. Usually there are significant amount of precipitation and weather becomes unpredictable. Daytime temperature rises to about 27 °C (81 °F) and at night drops to about 17 °C (63 °F).

July is the hottest month of a year with 28 °C (82 °F) and 19 °C (66 °F) in plains and mountains respectively. At August weather is similar unless night temperatures range gradually drops bit by bit.

Climate of the Summer Months

Summer Holidays

1 June – The day of protection of children rights. 14 June – The day of memory of repressed people

64th day after Easter – Holiday of Saint Etchmiadzin. 5 July – Constitution Day and Day of State Symbols.

Autumn in Armenia

At autumn heat is giving way to mild warmth. Average air temperature is about 22 °C (72 °F) but autumn nights are much colder than they were at summer. Temperature drops down to 9 °C (48 °F). Overall weather condition is comfortable and on top of it there is quite little precipitation.

At October temperature drops again to about 18 °C (64 °F). And in mountains even night frosts are possible. November brings another expected drop of temperature to about 10 °C (50 °F). Night frosts come to plain territories too. Most of precipitation falls in Syunik Province while Ararat Province is almost completely dry.

Climate of the Autumn Months

Autumn Holidays

1 September – Knowledge and school Day. 21 September – Independence Day.

5 October – Teacher's Day. Second Saturday of October – Translator's Day

10 November – Day of local self-governance.

Winter in Armenia

Winter in the country begins right at 1 of December. Temperature of air rapidly drops and in some regions it starts to snow. January is the coldest month. At this time temperature in the capital is around -6 °C (21 °F) while in neighborhoods of Lake Sevan it is -13 °C (9 °F).

Yerevan and its region is coldest place in the country with occasional frost to -30 °C (-22 °F). Also amount of snow grows respectively to altitude. In some locations it remains until the middle of April. February brings gradual warming and by the end of the month temperature is shifting between 0 and 3 °C (32-37 °F).

Climate of the Winter Months

Winter Holidays

7 December – Day of memory of victims of earthquake. 9 December – Day of condemning and preventing genocides.

1–2 January – New Year Day. 3–5 January – Pre-Christmas holidays. 6 January – Christmas Day.

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Climate of Armenia

Climate of Armenia is very different. The country is located in the subtropical zone, among ridges of the central part of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. But despite this the subtropical climate is observed only in the southern part of Armenia (Megri region). It is an area of such subtropical plants as oranges, lemons, olives and other plants.

Climate of Armenia in other regions is markedly continental. Summer is dry and sunny, lasting from June to mid-September. Winter is short and quite cold with plenty of snow. In the mountains the average summer temperature ranges between +10 and +22°C, and in the winter temperatures range between +2 and -14 °C. In plain lands the average January temperature is -5 °C, and July temperature is +25 °C.

In autumn and spring frosts are frequently strong, and the soil temperature can fall to –28 °C at that. Heat distribution in Armenia depends on the height of the place. Even within a city the temperature between two neighboring districts can differ by 2-3 °C.

More than 90% of Armenia lies on the height of 1000 meters above sea level. This fact forms these features of the climate. Therefore, the average temperature in Armenia, as in other mountainous countries, falls by one degree at every 200 meters of ascent.

The yearly precipitation amount depends on the height of the area: 200-800 mm on the average. First rainy season in Armenia lasts from spring to early summer while the months of October and November experience the second spell of rain. In the winter mountain areas receive a lot of snowfall (up to 100-150 mm), which lies on the slopes until March-April and all year round on the tops of the mountains.

Autumn and mid-spring are the best seasons to visit Armenia. Springs are short, while falls are long. Armenian fall is noted for mild and sunny weather, bright colors of landscapes and abundance of autumn fruits.

More about climate in Armenia

Weather in Armenia

Armenia is located in the subtropical zone of in the ridges of the central part of the Lesser Caucasus. Maybe this is the reason why the weather in Armenia varies a lot. Every region has a unique and typical climate. 

The subtropical climate is especially common in the southern part of the country, Syunik province (particularly the city Meghri ). Due to the weather conditions, this area let people grow some subtropical fruits such as orange, lemon, olive, etc. 

Weather in Armenia Year Round

If you plan to visit Armenia you’ll need some information related to the Armenian climete. The general weather conditions in Armenia are continental with dry summers and snowy winters. Let’s investigate the peculiarities of Armenian weather in every season.

Weather in Armenia: Winter

Winter starts in Armenia in late November. The climate is mild and sometimes snowy. However if it snows the snow doesn’t stay long. Armenia becomes a wonderland in winter. Many regions are covered with soft snow and you may meet the festive decorations everywhere.

Since the beginning of December every part of the country, and especially the capital is decorated for the Christmas. If you are fond of winter sports then Armenia is a right destination for you. The most famous places to have unique winter adventures in Armenia are Tsaghkadzor ( Kotayk region ) and Jermuk ( Vayots Dzor Region ).

Inspite of the cold weather you’ll meet a warm and hospitable welcoming atmosphere in Armenia. You may try seasonal dishes and taste sweets . By the way the queen of the Armenian winter table is Khash .  

Weather in Armenia: Spring

With the blossom of the first snowdrop, the spring starts in Armenia. Here it is the season of love. There is an one month long holiday in Armenia during the spring which starts on the March 8th on Women’s International Day and ends on the April 7th National Day of Maternity. This one month holiday is devoted to the females.

Spring is the season when you can see flowers everywhere: in the streets, cafes, shops, etc. People like to present flowers to each other. Visiting Armenia in Spring is a real joy. All the trees are in full blossom and you may smell the sweet odour of the flowers.

Spring is a good season to go for hiking. A great destination will be up to the mount Aragats . You may also enjoy your stay in Dilijan at the heart of the mother nature. However, note that the spring, especially the April, is rainy in Armenia.

Weather in Armenia: Summer

Do you want to have an unforgetable journey? Then take a vocation to Armenia in summer. This is the season when you have a lot of choice to make: hiking , climbing , beach holidas, tours, extreme , active and passive rest , or whatever else you may like.

Summers are hot in Armenia. The average temperature varies between 23-26 C and it may reach up to 40 C. That’s why people go to the beach. Maybe the lake Sevan is the most visited place in Armenia during the summer.

On the other hand, summer is the season of sweet and juicy fruits and berries. Surely you’ll like apricot - one of the Armenian national symbols . During the summer you may take part in various interesting festivals that will ensure your entertainment.   

Weather in Armenia: Autumn

Autumn is a romantic season especially in Armenia. Armenian weather in autumn is warm. The September is even hot as in summer, but the weather becomes cooler since October, and in November it’s already cold. Sometime you may even face snowy weather.

In the autumn people are busy with harvest. They gather all the fruits, vegetables and crops, and get prepared for the winter. It’s common to preserve and store foods as a winter stock.

The autumn is a perfect season to go to hike trips. It’s particularly pleasant when the weather is cool and you may feel a little bit of cold. So, you may make a campfire and sing the famous songs of Rouben Hakhverdyan - the well-known Armenian musician.    

Weather in Yerevan

Comparing with the regions the weather in Yerevan  is different. It’s hotter in summer and colder in winter. The yerevan weather is pleasant in every season. However we may say that the summer is an exception, because people tend to leave the city in summer for cooler places.

Generally, the Yerevan temperature is -3-6 C in winter, 10-18 C in spring, 23-27 in summer, and 1-14 C in autumn.   

The capital city is especially attractive in winter when the city is decorated with the Christmas lights and various bright decorations. The central christmas tree is located at the heart of the city - in the Republic Square .

In summer when the various fountains are irrigated in the city you may hear the voice of the water from everywhere. That sound provides a somehow cool atmosphere. The singing fountains in the Republic Square are one of the favorite places for children and not only.

Now you have  a general idea about the Armenian weather and your opportunities of having a great pastime in this mountainous country. Choose the weather that best fits your interests and welcome to Armenia.

Published July 25, 2019 Article by Vera Mirzoyan

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World Travel Guide

What is the weather like in Armenia

Tuchman Travel Guide

Updated on: February 15, 2023

Weather Guide in Armenia, Asia

Armenia is a land of contrast and beauty, with an incredibly diverse climate. From the high mountains in the north to the dry steppes in the south, you can experience four very distinct seasons here. In springtime, it’s warm and sunny but still cool enough for exploring outdoors; summer is hot with plenty of sunshine; autumn brings mild temperatures with stunning foliage colors; while winter offers snowy days perfect for skiing or snowboarding.

No matter when you choose to visit Armenia, you’ll be rewarded with lush scenery and plenty of activities to enjoy. The best time to visit really depends on

• Overview of Armenia
• Armenia Weather Month by Month
• Food and Cuisine in Armenia
• Landmarks and attractions across Armenia
• Hotels in Armenia
• Weather Reviews and Stories from Armenia
• 1. What type of weather can I expect in Armenia?
• 2. How hot does it get during the summer months in Armenia?
• 3. Does Armenia experience a lot of rainfall throughout the year?
• 4. Are there any extreme weather events that occur in Armenia?
• 5. Is there snowfall in Armenia during the winter season?

When travelling to Armenia, Asia it’s so important to check what the weather will be like. We have put together a month-by-month guide to show what the weather will be like in Armenia throughout the year. If anything is missing or does not reflect your experience let us know and we would be happy to add it to/update our Armenia travel guide.

Armenia Weather Travel Guide

• What is the weather like in Armeniain January?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain February?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain March?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain April?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain May?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain June?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain July?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain August?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain September?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain October?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain November?
• What is the weather like in Armeniain December?

What is the weather like in Armeniain January? – January in Armenia is usually a cold and wet month, with temperatures ranging from -2°C to 5°C. The days are short, with only about 8-9 hours of daylight. However, the snowfall provides some beautiful scenery for tourists to explore. Snowy mountains and valleys can be seen throughout the country during this time of year. If you’re looking for an exciting winter holiday destination full of activities like skiing and snowboarding, then Armenia should definitely be on your list!

What is the weather like in Armeniain February? – Armenia in February is a winter wonderland. The air has a crisp chill and the sun shines brightly against an azure sky. During this time of year, temperatures average around 0°C (32°F) during the day and drop to -7°C (19°F) overnight. Snowfall can be expected from late December through early April, blanketing Armenia’s mountains in pristine white powder that creates a spectacular landscape for visitors to explore. With so much snow on the ground, skiing and sledding are popular activities for tourists looking for some excitement! Meanwhile, those

What is the weather like in Armeniain March? – Armenia enjoys a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. March is the start of springtime in Armenia, when temperatures are mild and average around 10° Celsius. With more hours of daylight than in winter months, this is a great time to take advantage of all that the country has to offer. Enjoy plenty of sunshine during your holiday as you explore its historic cities, charming villages, and stunning mountainous landscapes. Pack some layers though – while it may be sunny throughout the day, evenings can still get pretty chilly!

What is the weather like in Armeniain April? – Armenia in April is a beautiful sight to behold. The days are sunny, warm and inviting with temperatures typically reaching the mid-20s Celsius. As spring arrives, the countryside is dotted with beautiful wildflowers that add a splash of colour to the landscape. Rainfall is limited to short showers which offer welcome relief from the sun’s heat during peak hours. In addition, Armenia enjoys plenty of sunshine throughout April so you’ll have plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities like hiking and exploring its many attractions. If you’re looking for an idyllic holiday destination this April,

What is the weather like in Armeniain May? – The weather in Armenia during the month of May is truly delightful. The days are warm and sunny, with temperatures reaching well into the mid-twenties Celsius. This makes it a perfect time to explore the countryside or take a relaxing stroll along the picturesque trails around Yerevan. The evenings are pleasant too, with cool breezes that keep you comfortable until late at night. Plus, there’s no chance of rain – so you won’t have any wet weather worries while on holiday!

What is the weather like in Armeniain June? – June in Armenia is a beautiful time of year with sunny days and comfortable temperatures. The average high temperature during this month is 24°C, while the average low drops to 15°C at night. There’s usually no rain during this time, making it perfect for spending long days outdoors exploring the sights and sounds of Armenia. You can expect plenty of sunshine throughout the day, giving you plenty of opportunity to soak up some Vitamin D. With little precipitation, you don’t have to worry about constantly checking your umbrella when going out!

What is the weather like in Armeniain July? – The climate in Armenia is typically warm and sunny during the months of July, August, and September. Average temperatures range from 14°C (57°F) to 24°C (76°F). The days are long and you can expect plenty of sunshine for outdoor activities. It’s an ideal climate for sightseeing or taking a leisurely stroll through the city streets. Light breezes keep conditions comfortable throughout the day while evenings tend to be slightly cooler but still pleasant. With minimal rainfall throughout the summer months, it’s perfect weather for enjoying all that Armenia has to offer!

What is the weather like in Armeniain August? – As the warmest month of the year, August in Armenia can be quite hot! Typically temperatures range between 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit during the day and 60-70 degrees at night. If you’re planning a holiday to Armenia in August, expect plenty of sunshine – about 12 hours per day! For those looking for outdoor activities, this is an ideal time to explore as there is little chance of rain. Pack lightweight clothing and sunscreen so you can make the most out of your summer vacation in Armenia.

What is the weather like in Armeniain September? – Well, September in Armenia is usually mild and sunny. The days are filled with warm sunshine and the temperature ranges from a comfortable low of 15°C to a pleasant high of 25°C. This makes it perfect for those looking to explore outside and take advantage of all the outdoor activities that Armenia has to offer – like hiking, biking or horseback riding through the beautiful countryside. At night, temperatures cool down but remain quite comfortable allowing you to enjoy evenings outdoors taking in sunset views from one of many breathtaking vistas throughout this incredible country.

What is the weather like in Armeniain October? – October in Armenia is a pleasant time of year, with mild temperatures and plenty of sunshine. It’s not too hot or cold, making it a great time to visit. Days are usually sunny and clear, with occasional rain showers at night. The average temperature ranges from 10-25 Celsius, so you can expect some warm days but also cool nights. Nights are ideal for stargazing thanks to the lack of light pollution throughout the country.

What is the weather like in Armeniain November? – Armenia is blessed with temperate, sunny weather in November. The days are still mild and warm, perfect for sightseeing or enjoying outdoor activities like horseback riding or picnicking. Nights can be chilly but the temperatures rarely dip below freezing. Rainfall during this time of year averages around one inch per month so you won’t have to worry about getting caught out in a downpour while exploring the sights!

What is the weather like in Armeniain December? – Armenia in December is a winter wonderland. With average temperatures ranging from 23°F to 40°F, it’s the perfect place for snowshoeing, skiing and other outdoor activities. The days are filled with crisp blue skies and plenty of sunshine that glistens off the white blanket of snow that covers the region. You can expect light snowfall during your visit as well; an ideal backdrop for creating some truly magical memories on your holiday. There really is no better time than now to explore Armenia in all its winter glory!

Food Armenia

One big concern my team and I have when we travel is what will we eat! I am a big foodie and love to try everything I can the more unique the better. If you want to find out more about the type of food and cuisine in Armenia check out the food page ( Whats the food like in Armenia? )

Landmarks in Armenia

After the weather and food, our attention normally turns to what is there to do in Armenia or whats worth visiting. We have created a list of landmarks, places or interests and attractions to get your travel journey started – What tourist attractions are in or near Armenia?

The Capitol of Armenia is Yerevan

When heading off to a country for the first time it’s always a good idea to read up on the capital city. and we have prepared a short guide about Yerevan to get you started.

Hotels in Armenia

Finally, after reading about Armenia’s weather, food, and tourist destinations, you might want to spend some time reading about the best hotels in Armenia . Hotel information is always changing so please let us know if any of our reviews need updating and please feel free to share your stories and reviews from hotels you visit in both Armenia to help others on their travels. Also, feel to check out our hotel map from Booking.com to quickly find a hotel in Armenia.

Booking.com

Weather Stories and Reviews from Our Team/Clients in Armenia

Armenia is a country with some of the most varied weather in the world. From warm sunshine to icy snow, it’s always an adventure when you visit this amazing destination.

I recently visited Armenia and was blown away by its remarkable climate. In the summer months, temperatures can get as high as 30 degrees Celsius with clear blue skies and beautiful sunny days. This is perfect for soaking up some sun while enjoying the outdoors – whether that’s exploring ancient monasteries or relaxing on a beach along Lake Sevan.

In autumn, temperatures start to drop but there’s still plenty

Do you have a story to share about a visit to Armenia? We would love to hear about it and add it here! Please feel free to comment at the bottom of this page or fill in our contact form .

Frequently Asked Questions About  the weather in Armenia

Here at Tuchman Travel Guide, we are always trying to help if you have a question about an upcoming trip that our site does not answer just leave a comment below and we will try to get back in touch ASAP!

1. What type of weather can I expect in Armenia? – Armenia’s weather is truly delightful. The days are sunny and warm, with temperatures in the summer reaching up to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. During autumn, the leaves change colors and there’s a chill in the air as temperatures drop into the 50s. In winter, snow blankets everything in sight and brings out some of its most beautiful sights. Springtime sees mild temperatures that gradually increase until they reach their peak again during summer months!

2. How hot does it get during the summer months in Armenia? – Armenia has a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. I’m amazed by the temperature fluctuations here – it’s like one day you can be sweating in the warmth of summer, and then the next you’re shivering in winter! The locals must really be used to this kind of weather; they seem to handle it with ease. It definitely keeps things interesting!

3. Does Armenia experience a lot of rainfall throughout the year? – Armenia is quite an interesting place to visit, and it has so many unique climates. Depending on where you go, the weather can be very different. I’ve visited some areas of Asia that have been incredibly hot and humid while other places were much cooler with mild temperatures. One thing’s for sure: no matter where you go in Asia, the weather is always exciting!

4. Are there any extreme weather events that occur in Armenia? – Armenia

The weather in Armenia is absolutely beautiful! I’m here at the moment and it’s sunny and warm, but not too hot. There’s a gentle breeze every now and then that makes it even more pleasant. The days are long with plenty of sunshine to enjoy, so make sure you don’t forget your sunscreen!

5. Is there snowfall in Armenia during the winter season? – Armenia what kind of experience you’re looking for!

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Chance of Clearer Skies in Armenia

Daily chance of precipitation in armenia, average monthly rainfall in armenia, average monthly snowfall in armenia, hours of daylight in armenia, chance of muggy conditions in armenia, average wind speed in armenia, tourism score in armenia, beach/pool score in armenia, growing season in armenia, growing degree days in armenia, average daily incident shortwave solar energy in armenia, data sources.

This report illustrates the typical weather for Yerevan and Gyumri year round, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.

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We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.

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The climate of Armenia Armenia used to be a powerful country and it used to be much larger than it is today. In 100 BC it bordered the Caspian Sea on the east and it bordered the Mediterranean Sea on the west. Nowadays Armenia has a surface area of a little under 30,000 square kilometres. Large parts of Armenia are at an elevation of between 1,000 and 2,500 meters. Half the country has an elevation of at least 2,000 meters. Only 3% of the country lies lower than 650 meters above sea level. The mountainous landscape and differences in altitude are responsible for a varying climate. This also makes for different types of landscape because of the large diversity in plant and animal life. Armenia has a moderate climate (type Dfa) and a high mountain climate (type EH) in the highest regions. Differences in temperature are much larger here and more snow falls here.

Dry summers Summers in Armenia are dry and sunny. Summer starts in June and ends in the second half of September. During this period daytime temperatures are between 22-37 degrees Celsius; depending on the altitude. Because humidity figures are low during these periods of heat temperatures seem lower than they actually are. When hot air from Russia reaches Armenia temperatures of 40 degrees Celsius are not uncommon; with the exception of areas above 1,500 meters. With a UV-index of 10-11 (the highest figure) the sun shines exuberantly. UV-indexes here are virtually the same as in the Caribbean.

Short autumns From the second half of September temperatures drop rapidly. Autumn in Armenia only means dropping temperatures, unsettled weather is uncommon in Armenia. This means that the amount of sunshine per day is equal to the amount of daylight. Precipitation figures slightly rise during October and November in comparison with September. However, during the autumn heavy rainfall is uncommon.

Cold winters After a relatively short autumn Armenia has a fairly cold winter. In the capital of Jerevan maximum temperatures are around zero degrees Celsius on average. During the night minimum temperatures are between -6 and -10 on average. Jerevan is situated at an altitude of between 900 and 1,200 meters. Because air gets colder when you travel higher temperatures are much lower at an altitude above 2,000 meters. Some parts of the mountains hardly get any sunshine during the winter. Large parts of the northern part of the mountains are in the shadow for a large part of the day. During the day temperatures of -10 to -20 degrees Celsius are not uncommon. During clear nights temperatures may even drop to -30 degrees Celsius. Armenia is ideal for winter sports because of its cold and snowy winters. The best time for winter sports in Armenia is February. However from December till April there will be enough snow for winter sports.

Little precipitation Armenia is a relatively dry country. During the winter precipitation falls in the form of snow. After the winter precipitation falls in the form of rain. In the southern part of Armenia along the Aras River only 250-350 millimeters of rain falls on a yearly basis. In the higher regions the total amount of precipitation may be 800 millimeters on a yearly basis. This is much less than the wettest parts of the neighboring country of Georgia.

Disclaimer The information at this site was carefully composed from climate data collected by meteorological services, meteorological offices, climate experts and other sources. “More climate info” is based on statistics, climate data and personal experience. No rights can be derived from this site. Weather has no memory and gives no guaranties. Nothing is as changeable and unpredictable as the weather. The authors of this site feel in no way responsible for any damages caused by misinterpretation or other circumstances that may influence your holiday or trip to a certain destination. We provide information, it’s up to the reader to use it to it’s benefit.  

Where is Armenia located?

What countries border Armenia?

Armenia Weather

What is the current weather in Armenia?

Armenia Facts and Culture

What is Armenia famous for?

• Family : In villages Armenians have private houses, many having small farming plots and small barns. Adults when first married usually live... More
• Personal Apperance : Urban Armenians wear the styles of Europe. Jeans are popular among the youth. Traditional costumes include baggy pants worn under... More
• Recreation : Armenian men like to play backgammon and chess in city parks when the weather is nice. In the summer trips... More
• Food and Recipes : Armenians like borscht (beet soup); khorovadz (roasted meat), potatoes, and stews.  Some delicacies are fresh trout... More
• Visiting : It is considered polite to visit without an invitation.  As a sign of love and respect, most social gatherings include... More

Armenia Facts

What is the capital of Armenia?

Armenia Demographics

What is the population of Armenia?

Armenia Government

What type of government does Armenia have?

• Executive Branch: chief of state: President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022) head of government: Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021);... More
• Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal More
• Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia dual citizenship recognized: yes residency... More
• National Holiday: Independence Day, 21 September (1991) More
• Constitution: history: previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995 amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly;... More
• Independence: 21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C. (Kingdom of Armenia established under the Orontid Dynasty),... More

Armenia Video

CountryReports YouTube Channel:

Armenia geography.

What environmental issues does Armenia have?

• Overview: The country rests on a high mountainous plateau cut by fast-flowing rivers. The over-grazed hills boast little true forest, but... More
• Climate: The climate is highland continental. It is dry, with an average of 550mm (21.6 inches) in annual rainfall. In the... More
• Border Countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km More
• Environment - Current Issues: Soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged... More
• Environment - International Agreements: Party To: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection,... More
• Terrain: Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley More

Armenia Economy

How big is the Armenia economy?

• Economic Overview: Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured... More
• Industries: Diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments,... More
• Currency Name and Code: Armenian Dram (AMD) More
• Export Partners: Russia 15.2%, China 11.1%, Germany 9.8%, Iraq 8.8%, Georgia 7.8%, Canada 7.6%, Bulgaria 5.3%, Iran 5.3% More
• Import Partners: Russia 29.1%, China 9.7%, Germany 6.2%, Iran 6.1%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.2% More

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Essay on weather and climate: top 6 essays | climatology | geography.

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Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Weather and Climate’ for class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Weather and Climate’ especially written for school students.

Essay on Weather and Climate

Essay Contents:

• Essay on Variation in Climate and Weather

Essay # 1. Meaning of Weather and Climate:

Weather is the day-to-day state of atmosphere and pertains to short term changes in conditions of heat, moisture and air movement. Weather results from processes that attempt to equalise the differences in the distribution of net radiant energy from sun. In other words, the instantaneous state of atmosphere can be called as weather. It is usually expressed as fine, fair, foggy, cloudy, rainy, sunny or windy weather.

The process of exchange of heat and moisture between earth and atmosphere over a long period of time (month, season, and year) related to large areas (zone, state, country, continent) results in conditions what we call climate.

It is aggregate of atmospheric conditions involving heat, moisture and air movement. In other words, the totality of weather over a large area is known as climate. It is expressed as marine, continental, arid, semiarid, humid or desert climate.

ADVERTISEMENTS: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Essay # 2. Elements of Weather and Climate :

Weather refers to the sum total of the atmos­pheric conditions in terms of temperature, pressure, wind, moisture, cloudiness, precipitation and visibility of a particular place at any given time. In fact, weather denotes short-term variations of atmospheric condi­tions and it is highly variable.

On the other hand, climate is defined as aggregate weather conditions of any region in long-term perspective. According to Trewartha ‘climate represents a composite of day to day weather conditions, and of the atmospheric ele­ments, within a specified area over a long period of time.’ According to Critchfield ‘climate is more than a statistical average; it is the aggregate of atmospheric conditions involving heat, moisture, and air move­ment. Extremes must always be considered in any climatic description in addition to means, trends, and probabilities.’

According to Koeppen and De Long ‘climate is a summary, a composite of weather condi­tions over a long period of time; truly portrayed, it includes details of variations-extremes, frequencies, sequences-of the weather elements which occur from year to year, particularly in temperature and precipita­tion. Climate is the aggregate of the weather.’

G.F. Taylor has maintained that ‘climate is the integration of weather, and weather is the differentiation of cli­mate. The distinction between weather and climate is, therefore, mainly one of time.’ Temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness etc. are ele­ments of weather and climate.

ADVERTISEMENTS: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Essay # 3. Importance of Weather and Climate :

Weather and climate are the most pervasive factors of crop environment.

Knowledge of agrometeorology is useful in several aspects of practical agriculture as indicated below:

1. It has practical utility in timing of agricultural operations so as to make the best use of favourable weather conditions and make adjustments for adverse weather.

2. The dangers of crop production due to pest and disease incidence, occurrence of prolonged drought, soil erosion, frost and weather hazards can be minimised.

3. Weather support also provides guidelines for long range or seasonal planning of crops and cultivars most suited to anticipated climatic conditions.

4. Agrometeorological information can be used in land use planning, risk analysis of climatic hazards, production and harvest forecasts and linking similar crop environments for crop adaptability and productivity.

Weather Elements :

Weather is a phase of climate representing atmospheric condition at a given place and at a given instant of time as against climate, representing atmospheric condition for longer period of time over a larger area.

Components of weather and climate or simply weather elements include:

a. Temperature.

b. Solar radiation.

c. Humidity.

e. Pressure.

g. Precipitation.

The influence of weather and climate on crop growth and development and final yield is complicated by complexity of interactions associated with crops and the environment during the crop season.

The influence of weather and climate on crop productivity can be summarised as indicated below:

Weather parameters with favourable influence :

1. Weather and climate are the important factors to determining the success or failure of agriculture.

2. All the agricultural operations from sowing to harvest of crops depend on the mercy of weather.

3. Climate determines suitability of a crop to a particular region while weather plays a major role in the productivity of a crop in the region.

4. The excess or shortage of elements of weather and climate exerts a negative influence on crop growth, development and final yield.

5. The effect of weather and climate is complex as elements of climate operate simultaneously in nature.

6. Due to complexity of environment in which a crop is grown, it is difficult to assign an, optimum value of a climatic element for maximum crop productivity.

Weather parameters with negative influence :

1. Excessive and untimely rains.

2. Scanty rains with prolonged dry spells.

3. Heat and cold waves.

4. Dust-storms, thunderstorms and hailstorms.

5. High winds.

Weather variables having both positive and negative effects on crop productivity :

1. Solar radiation (UV, light and infrared).

2. Temperature (air and soil).

3. Humidity,

5. Precipitation.

Essay # 4. Difference between Weather and Climate:

The differences between weather and climate are:

1. Pertains to the day-to-day state of the atmosphere at a particular place.

2. Refers to specific instant of time and place.

3. It is always changing and differs from time to time.

1. Pertains to the atmosphere over a given region,

2. Refers to a large region and for a long period of time.

3. It is more or less stable and differs from region to region.

Essay # 5. Factors Controlling Weather and Climate :

Geographical factors influencing weather and climate are referred to as climatic controls .

a. Latitude.

b. Altitude.

c. Land and water bodies.

d. Mountains.

e. Topography.

The distance from the equator (latitude), either from south or north, largely creates variation in climate. Based on latitude, the climate has been classified as tropical, subtropical, temperate and polar climates. The height from mean sea level (altitude/elevation) adds to variation in climate.

Temperature and pressure decreases with increasing height from mean sea level. Based on altitude, the climate is described as mountainous and valley/plateau climates. Nearness to large bodies of water also causes variation in climate. The climates are referred to as continental and maritime.

Instruments for Measuring Weather Parameters :

Different instruments are used for measuring weather parameters in observatories and laboratories. Depending on the level of accuracy required and the cost, instruments are used for recording the weather data.

Irrespective of whether it is an observatory or a lab. Table 2.1 gives a list or of instruments and weather parameter measured:

Essay # 6. Variation in Climate and Weather :

Climatic parameters are determined, primarily, by geographic factors such as:

1. Latitude.

2. Altitude.

3. Distance from large water bodies.

4. Ocean currents.

5. Intensity of wind.

All the above climatic parameters influence the wind. Three geographic factors—altitude, latitude and longitude are important for crop production. These are embodied in Hopkin Bioclimatic Law. It states that crop production activities (planting to harvest) and specific morphological developments are delayed by 4 days for each 1° latitude, 5° longitude and 12 m (40 ft) of altitude as one move northward and upward, respectively.

Intensity, velocity and direction of wind vary with three geographic factors leading to variation in climate and weather.

Geographic surface features such as large bodies of water and mountain ranges modify the wind characteristics and hence the meteorological parameters. A mountain range in the path of prevailing wind creates moist conditions on the windward side and dry conditions on the leeward side. Air cools adiabatically to the dew point as it rises up the mountains.

The air that is forced upward by the mountain range loses its moisture and becomes a dry mass when it goes over the top. This is called the orographic effect (relief effect), which is different from the usual rainfall without mountains. Topography influences weather and microclimate through variation in temperature and wind.

Water is normally warmer than the surrounding land. When wind blows over a large body of water, it picks up moisture, thus creating a more moderate leeward condition. The leeward side of the body of water is subjected to less temperature fluctuations (relatively stable weather) compared to windward side. Windward side is suitable for drought tolerant crops and leeward side to relatively drought sensitive crops. North facing and south facing slopes may differ in climate and natural vegetation. These sites differ in crops that can be grown.

World climate is not static but is subjected to changes caused by factors such as systematic changes in solar activity, sea level, atmospheric carbon dioxide and continental drift. Continental drift gradually changes the latitudinal position of the land masses and the sea level. Volcanic explosions discharge large amounts of dust and gases into the atmosphere. This may cause a decline in temperature (reverse of greenhouse effect).

Accumulation of greenhouse gases is responsible for global warming (gradual increasing trend in global average temperature largely due to greenhouse effect). In spite of technological advances in modern crop production, crop production is still subject to the vagaries of the weather that are manifested in three main ways— moisture stress, temperature stress and natural disasters.

Related Articles:

• Essay on Humidity: Top 5 Essays on Humidity| Climatology | Geography
• Savanna Climate: Location, Rainfall and Vegetation | Climatology | Geography
• Essay on Precipitation: Top 5 Essays | Process | Earth | Geography
• Essay on Fog: Top 4 Essays on Fog | Climatology | Geography

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Armenian victims group asks International Criminal Court to investigate genocide claim

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A human rights organization representing ethnic Armenians submitted evidence to the International Criminal Court on Thursday, arguing that Azerbaijan is committing an ongoing genocide against them.

Azerbaijan’s government didn’t immediately comment on the accusations. The neighboring countries have been at odds for decades over the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh , and are already facing off in a separate legal case stemming from that conflict.

Lawyers for the California-based Center for Truth and Justice, or CFTJ, say there is sufficient evidence to open a formal investigation into Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and other top leaders for genocide. They have submitted a so-called Article 15 communication urging the court’s chief prosecutor Karim Khan to look into alleged atrocities.

Khan’s office will now consider the evidence submitted and determine if the court will open an investigation, a decision expected to take months.

“My goal here is to get the highest bodies that protect human rights to take some action, not just mere words,” Lala Abgaryan, whose sister Gayane was killed by Azerbaijani soldiers in 2022, told The Associated Press.

Her sister’s body was badly mutilated and images of the abuse were spread online. Abgaryan says the pictures were so heinous that she suffered psychological damage after looking at them.

Long-standing tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan erupted in 2020 into a war over Nagorno-Karabakh that left more than 6,600 people dead. The region is within Azerbaijan but had been under the control of ethnic Armenian forces since the end of a separatist war in 1994.

Last year, following a lightning military campaign, Azerbaijan retook the disputed territory. After Azerbaijan regained full control of Karabakh, which had a population of around 120,000, more than 100,000 of the region’s ethnic Armenians fled, although Azerbaijan said they were welcome to stay and promised their human rights would be ensured.

Prior to Azerbaijan’s offensive, Armenia and former International Criminal Court chief prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo accused Azerbaijan of committing genocide by creating conditions aimed at destroying Karabakh Armenians as a group.

A group of around 30 people gathered in the rain in front of The Hague-based court Thursday to hand over more than 100 pages of documents.

The rights organization said it has submitted a dossier of evidence containing the testimony of more than 500 victims and witnesses.

“These atrocities are captured on social media, by Azerbaijani soldiers themselves, where you hear them laughing, making comments, and taking the dead bodies that they’ve just slaughtered and beheaded,” CFTJ leader Gassia Apkaria told the AP.

Legal experts say that genocide may be out of reach for the court. Armenia is a member of the ICC, but Azerbaijan isn’t, leaving prosecutors with jurisdiction only over crimes committed on Armenian territory. Nagorno-Karabakh is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan.

Forcing nearly the entire population to relocate to Armenia, however, could fall within the court’s remit. Deportation is considered a crime against humanity.

“There is no way this was an exodus by chance,” says Mel O’Brien, an associate professor of international law at the University of Western Australia and genocide expert.

The court has moved forward with an investigation under similar circumstances into possible crimes committed by Myanmar against the Rohingya minority group . While Myanmar isn’t a member state, neighboring Bangladesh is and around 750,000 people have fled across the border after being forced from their homes.

The CFTJ’s request came amid two weeks of proceedings between Armenia and Azerbaijan at another global court in The Hague. The United Nations’ top court, the International Court of Justice, is hearing arguments related to a pair of cases stemming from the conflict. Each country has accused the other of violating a racial discrimination treaty.

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Michigan, Ohio brace for storms after tornadoes rip through Iowa, Kansas, Missouri

Detroit, Cleveland and Cincinnati are in the bull's-eye Wednesday.

As Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska clean up from the 14 confirmed tornadoes that ripped through the region, the tornado threat moves east on Wednesday to Michigan and Ohio.

The strongest tornado so far was an EF-2 with 118 mph winds in Greenwood County, Kansas.

In Smithville, Missouri, an EF-1 tornado with 95 mph winds forced a family to flee for their lives.

Kristel Kemp and her young son ran from their home -- which is now destroyed -- and sheltered in a brick bathroom.

"Survivor mode kicked in, I guess," she told ABC News. "It felt like the longest run of my life."

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Sen. Menendez might blame wife to clear name, court papers say

• Updated: Apr. 17, 2024, 10:10 a.m. |
• Published: Apr. 17, 2024, 8:12 a.m.

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U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez may seek exoneration at his May bribery trial by blaming his wife, saying she kept him in the dark about anything that could be illegal about her dealings with New Jersey businessmen, according to court papers unsealed Tuesday.

Several sentences in a January court filing by lawyers for the New Jersey Democrat were unsealed in Manhattan federal court after some news organizations insisted that public disclosure was required. Menendez’s lawyers had redacted the documents, claiming that the sentences revealed trial strategy that could bias the jury pool.

According to the passages that were unsealed, Menendez plans to testify about what he believes were exculpatory communications with his wife, Nadine, if he decides to take the witness stand in his defense.

“While these explanations, and the marital communications on which they rely, will tend to exonerate Senator Menendez by demonstrating the absence of any improper intent on Senator Menendez’s part, they may inculpate Nadine by demonstrating the ways in which she withheld information from Senator Menendez or otherwise led him to believe that nothing unlawful was taking place,” the lawyers wrote.

As they sought to sever the trials of the senator and his wife , the lawyers said they planned to assert at trial that Sen. Menendez lacked the knowledge necessary to commit a crime and did not agree to any of the conspiracies outlined in the indictment against him.

With such a trial strategy, the lawyers said they may have to argue, in effect, that any crimes involved the actions of others, including his wife, rather than the senator. They added, though, that they were not aware of any unlawful conduct.

Although the motion to sever the trials was initially denied, Judge Sidney H. Stein has since ruled that they can take place separately after it was revealed that Nadine Menendez needs surgery in the next six weeks. Her trial is now delayed until at least July.

The Menendezes and two businessmen have pleaded not guilty to charges that they participated in a bribery scheme in which prosecutors say cash and gold bars were given to the couple in return for the senator carrying out political favors. Robert Menendez chaired the powerful Senate Foreign Relations Committee until he stepped down from the role in September because of the allegations.

A third businessman, Jose Uribe, has pleaded guilty to bribery charges and agreed to testify against the others at trial. Uribe said he conspired with Nadine Menendez and others to provide her with a Mercedes-Benz in return for access to her husband’s power and influence.

According to the indictment, the Menendezes accepted bribes to help one businessmen get a lucrative meat-certification deal with Egypt and another associate get a deal with a Qatari investment fund.

The redacted passages in the March filing were unsealed after media organizations led by NBCUniversal Media and including The Associated Press argued that the public’s right to access the documents overrode any concerns by Menendez’s attorneys.

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Climate in Kartino (Moscow region), Russia

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The best time of year to visit Kartino in Russia

• When is winter in Kartino? The coldest season / winter is in the following months: January, February, November and December.
• Which is the warmest month in Kartino? July has an average maximum temperature of 25°C and is the warmest month of the year.
• Which is the coldest month in Kartino? The coldest month is February with an average maximum temperature of -3°C .
• Which is the wettest month in Kartino? July tops the wettest month list with 84 mm of rainfall.
• Which is the driest month in Kartino? March is the driest month with 40 mm of precipitation.
• Which is the sunniest month in Kartino? June is the sunniest month with an average of 276 hours of sunshine.

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