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Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris SPM/ English Essays (Form 4, 5) Form 4, 5

Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris SPM (English Essays/ Writing) MUET/ SPM. Tingkatan 4, 5, 6. Form 4, 5, 6. Sekolah Menengah. Secondary School. (52) (2/2)

Soalan Bahasa Inggeris SPM Kertas 2 + Jawapan . SPM English Paper 2 (Questions + Answers).

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My idol (Email)  

The rising food prices in the country (Guided Writing)

My School Library (Article)  

An interesting song (Review)  

My hands were as cold as ice as I… (Story)

Let’s go for a mountain hike (Email)

Leadership course (Email)

Ways to improve English (Email)

The best theme park for a family day (Guided Writing)

Online learning (Guided Writing)

Birthday present (Email)  

The importance of the internet to students (Guilded Writing)  

My Ideal Classroom (Article)  

Review about a fascinating place which you had visited

Review of a Film

The planning of a health campaign (Guilded Writing)

How does playing computer games affect teenagers (Guilded Writing)

How your school can do to help keep the environment clean (Report)

What you would spend youe money on (Guilded Writing)

The challenging activities that you would like to do (Guilded Writing)

My snatch theft experience (Email)  

Healthy lifestyle (Guided Writing)

Rules Breaker (Report)  

My School (Review)  

I would never have imagined that… (Story)

Movie Review Essay (Lion King) (2)

The reasons for students’ lack of interest in sports (Guilded Writing)

A Safe Neighbourhood (Guilded Writing)

Be Responsible (Story)

Ten Years after the Covid-19 Pandemic (Story)

Getting Through a Difficult Time (Story)

Birthday Present (Email)

A Picnic With Our Friends (Email)

A Book Review (1)

Class Excursion (Story)

Suitable course for you (Email)  

The best educational place for a class trip (Guilded Writing)

Review of a Smartphone (1)

Island trip (Email)

Pointers to keep clean, hygienic and safe (Email)

The content of the talk given by our school counsellor (Email)

Where to shop (Email)

Extension on Deadline for Assignment (Email)

The advantage and disadvantages of mobile phones (Guided Writing)

Causes contributing to animal extinction (Guided Writing)

The benefits of online shopping (Guided Writing)

The best place to go during the holiday (Guided Writing)

How to practice 3R (Recycle, Reuse and Reduce) in our daily lives (Guided Writing)

My Ideal School Prefects’ Room (Article)  

Review on an interesting book (4)

A Memorable Day (Story)

Review of a Resort

Quality time with your brother (Email)

How you perceive friendship (Guilded Writing)

Write an essay on whether you agree that students should be involved in cleaning up school regularly (Guilded Writing)

Review on a smartphone (2)

My Ideal School Library (Article)

Sports Is for Everyone (Guided Writing)

A Book Review (3)

Do Not Fear Failure But Rather Fear Not Trying (Story)

An Unforgettable Trip (Story)

Holiday plans (Email)

Birthday present (Email)

A Movie Review (1)

My First Experience (Story)

Weekend’s Plan (Email)

Holiday trip (Email)

Review of a restaurant

A Book Review (2)

Report on a Visit to an Orphanage

Report on a Trip to a Beach for a Picnic

The Mysterious Old Lady (Story)

Teachers’ Day (Story)

The Day I Lost My Phone (Story)

Kindness (Story)

The Terrible Truth (Story)

A Dishonest Boy (Story)

A Dream Comes True (Story)

An Unforgettable Moment in My Life (Story)

Famous Tourist Attraction in Malaysia (Article)

Leisure Activities (Article)

Keeping Our Homes Safe (Article)

What A Farm Can Teach A Child (Article)

Cyberbullying: What Is It and How to Stop It (Article)

A birthday present for your grandfather (Guided Writing)

Youth Leadership Camp (Extended Writing – Article)

My Ideal Career (Extended Writing – Article)

Review of a shopping mall

Review of your favourite food

Outdoor activity you would like to do (Guided Writing)  

The ways to deal with mental health issues during the pandemic (Guilded Writing)  

Weekend Plan (Email)

Quarantine – English Project (Email)

English Camp (Report)

Complaints about the canteen (Report)

A Quarrel in the School Library (Report)

Report on the Findings of a Survey (Report)

International Students Visit (Report)

Review on a good book (5)

Review on a nice cafés in your state you have visited lately

Review on a writing app that helps you write more and write better lately

Review on a movie that you have watched recently (3)

Review on your favourite game

Teenagers vs Crime (Article)

Review about a hotel

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SPM English Speaking Test (Ujian Bertutur Bahasa Inggeris) :

• SPM English Speaking Test SPM: Contoh Soalan, Jawapan, Ramalan, Isi-isi Penting, Tips, Panduan (Ada Isi-isi Karangan Bahasa Inggeris yang Ringkas)

Modul Soalan Bahasa Inggeris SPM + Jawapan (Kertas 2/ Paper 2) (SK2) (Srw) [1] 

Paper 2 : Writing

A Book Review

Modul Bahasa Inggeris Paper 2 Writing  (Kertas 2/ Paper 2)  (KC) (Srw) [3]

English spm paper 2 : writing.

(Fmk) (Prk) [1]

Part 1 : Short Communicative Message

Answers : Short Communicative Message

Part 2 : Guided Writing

Answers : Guided Writing

Part 3 : Extended Writing

Article Writing

Review Writing

Report Writing

Answers : Extended Writing, Article Writing, Review Writing, Report Writing

Narrative Writing

Answers : Narrative Writing

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English SPM Paper 2 : Writing

(MIP) (Trg) [1]

Part 1 : Short Message

Part 2 : Guided Essay

Part 3 : Review

Part 3 : Article

Part 3 : Story

Part 3 : Report

Suggested Answers – Modul Soalan

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(PTRS) (Sel) [1]

Writing Paper (1)

Writing Paper (2)

Answers (PTRS) (Sel) [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(TTV2) (Prk) [2]

Bahasa Inggeris SPM (Kertas 2) : How To Write An Email + Model Answer (TTV2) (Prk) [2]

Bahasa Inggeris SPM (Kertas 2) : Guided Writing (TTV2) (Prk) [2]

Bahasa Inggeris SPM (Kertas 2) : Extended Writing + Answers (TTV2) (Prk) [2]

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Koleksi Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris Tingkatan 5 KSSM.  Form 5 Sample Essays

(SMKSP) (Srw) [1]

Guided Writing / Mind Map :

Review on a good book

Review on a movie that you have watched recently

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SPM English Writing Module :

Extended Writing (Article Writing, Review Writing, Story Writing) :

SPM English Writing Module (Short Communicative Message) + Answers

Koleksi Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris (English Essays) SPM, Tingkatan 4, 5

Friendship Is More Important Than Money. Do You Agree ?

Global Warming

Haze: A Danger To Health

Haze: A Danger To Health (Directed Writing)

Honesty (Speech)

Honesty Is The Best Policy (Story)

How I Spent My Holidays

How To Be A Responsible Student (Speech)

How To Be A Wise Consumer

How To Beautify The School (Formal Letter)

How To Develop Reading Skill In Children

How To Find A Right Job

How To Reduce Traffic Congestion (Formal Letter)

Informal Letter (Directed Writing)

Informal Letter (Visit To Pulau Langkawi)

Internet (Essay)

Interview A Policeman

It Was The Last Day Of School

Keeping Cool

Keeping Pets Is Good. Do You Agree ?

Letter Of Application (Directed Formal Letter)

Letter Of Complain (Formal Letter)

Letter Of Complaint (Stray Dogs)

Letter To Newspapers: Expressing Concern On Child Abuse

Lost At Shopping Mall

Making Use of Bottles As Decorative Items (Speech)

Mobile Phones Are A Nuisance. Do You Agree ?

Mother’s Day Celebration

My Best Friend

My Favorite Subject In School

My Favourite Place

My Favourite TV Programme

My First Day At School

My Life Years From Now

My Most Embarrassing Situation

My Most Unforgettable Character

My Mother (Descriptive Essay)

Nuclear Energy – Good Or Bad ?

Online Shopping

Online Shopping Versus The Local Mall

Picnic At Seaside

Police Report On Accident

Preventing Truancy

Proverb ‘Do Not Judge A Book By Its Cover’. Describe An Experience When This Was True For You

Recycling Campaign

Report (Fire In Laboratory)

Report (Problems In School Library)

Report To Principal – Complaint About School Canteen

Requesting For Permission To Voluntary Service (Formal Letter)

River Pollution (Formal Letter)

Road Safety (1)

Road Safety (2)

Road Safety (Speech)

Safety Tips When Going To School

Should Do’s And Should Not Do’s To Keep The School Clean, Hygienic and Safe

Should School Students Be Given A Mobile Phone? Discuss

Should School Students Be Given a Mobile Phone Discuss

Should Students Be Allowed To Work ? Discuss

Showing Favouritism

Single Session School – Advantages and Disadvantages

Small Families Are Happier Families. Do You Agree ?

Social Networking Website

Someone Insipiring

Speech: Love Your Environment Campaign

Study Skills (Speech)

Teacher’s Day (Speech)

Teachers’ Day (2)

Teenagers Don’t Smoke

The Advantages Of Sports In Schools

The Beauty Of Malaysia (Essay)

The Benefits of Taking Up Hobbies (Speech)

The Conservation Of Our Natural Forests (Speech)

The Government Should Not Continue With Compulsory National Service. Do You Agree ?

The Importance of Eating More Fruits and Vegetables

The Importance Of Examinations

The Importance Of Having A Budget

The Importance Of Making Friends

The Importance Of Studying English

The Importance Of Studying The English Language (Speech)

The Important Of Obeying School Regulations (Speech)

The Important Of Reading (Speech)

The Malaysian Tradition Of Having Open Houses Is Important And Should

The National Day Celebration

The Need For Rules

The Need For Self Discipline

The Night Market

The Person I Admire

The Person Who Has Influenced Me

The Unusual Experience

Tourism Is Good For Our Country. What Do You Think ?

Useful Ways To Spend Leisure Time

Visiting A Book Fair

Ways To Maintain A Good Health

Ways To Prevent Dengue

What Would You Do If You Had A Lot Of Money

Which Do You Prefer, Living in The Countryside or Living In The City? (City)

Which Do You Prefer, Living in The Countryside or Living in The City? (Countryside)

Why School Children Should Have Hobbies (Speech)

Women Can Be The Breadwinner In A Home. Discuss

Write About An Incident In Which You Acted Irresponsibly

Writing A Review Essay (TI)

Writing Tips And Essay Format English SPM (KSSM) (Zeti)

A Birthday Party

A Camping Experience

A Day I Wished Had Never Happened

A Difficult Life (Story)

A Festival Celebrated In Malaysia

A Hit-And-Run Accident

A Holiday At The Countryside

A Holiday I Would Never Forget

A Holiday In Cameron Highland

A Horror / Tragic Story

A Narrative Essay KSSM (Story)

A Picnic By The Sea

A Popular Tourist Spot That I Have Visited

A Road Accident (2)

A Trip To Mount Kinabalu

A Visit To SPCA (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals)

A Working Woman Makes A Useless Mother. State Your View

Advantages Of Unity

Advise Your Cousin On How To Lose Weight (Informal Letter)

An Unforgettable Experience

Anti Smoking Campaign Speech

Anti Smoking Campaign Speech Writing

Anti-Smoking Campaign (Speech)

Ban On Underage Smokers

Book Review Essay

Caning Is An Old-Fashioned Way Of Disciplining Students (Speech)

Caring For Our Old Folks

Cell phones – One of Our Greatest Technologies Misused

Challenges Of Home Learning During Covid 19  Pandemic

Co-Curricular Activities Are A Waste Of Time. Do You Agree?

Debate: “Advertisements Do More Good Than Harm”

Deepavali Celebration (Informal Letter)

Describe An Afternoon At The Bus Station

Describe An Important Family Celebration And How You Felt About It

Describe What Makes You Happy And Explain Why

Describe What You Understand About Success And Explain Why

Describe Your School Sports Day

Description on a Person – A Prominent Malaysian Leader

Descriptive Essays Describe What You Understand About Success and Explain Why

Directed Writing (Speech) : Obesity

‘Do Not Judge a Book By Its Cover’. Describe An Experience When This Was True For You.

Do You Think Homework Should Be Abolished ?

Does Academic Excellence Guarantees Success ? Discuss

Does School Prepare Us For Life

Drowning (Story)

English Essay : Challenges Of Home Learning During Covid 19 Pandemic

Essay on Healthy Lifestyle

Essay on Mother’s Day In English For School Kids and Children Mother’s

Essay on My Best Friend – 7 Selected Essays on My Best Friend

Experience of Being In A Busy City

Families That Play Together Stay Together

Favourite Holiday Destination

Fire (Report)

Flash Flood

Formal Letter: Complaint About Unsatisfactory Food And Restaurant Service

Formal Letter: Invite A Newspaper Reporter For Career Talk

Forms Of Discipline

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• Contoh-Contoh Karangan (Essays) untuk Soalan Percubaan Bahasa Inggeris (English) SPM (1)
• Karangan Bahasa Inggeris (English Essays) SPM : Continuous Writing   
• Karangan Bahasa Inggeris (English Essays) SPM : Directed Writing
• Karangan Bahasa Inggeris (English Essays) SPM : Argumentative Essays

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Koleksi Nota Ringkas dan Padat, Soalan, Latihan, Modul Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dan Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 :

• Koleksi Nota Ringkas dan Padat, Soalan, Latihan, Modul Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dan Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
• Improve Your Spelling: Frequently Misspelled Words (1)
• Improve Your Spelling: Frequently Misspelled Words (2)
• Improve Your English : Frequently Confused Words (1)
• Improve Your English : Frequently Confused Words (2)
• Improve Your English : Frequently Confused Words (3)
• Improve Your English : Frequently Confused Words (4)
• Improve Your English : Frequently Confused Words (5)

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• KOLEKSI Soalan Peperiksaan Percubaan SPM + Skema Jawapan (Semua Subjek) (Terkini)
• Koleksi Karangan Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Inggeris (English Essays), Bahasa Arab, PA : SPM, STPM, MUET, Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
• Important English Grammar Notes for Essay Writing  
• Narrative Essay Writing Tips for English SPM

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• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Bahasa Inggeris (English) Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Bahasa Inggeris (English) Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Buku Teks Digital KSSM Tingkatan 4 (Empat)
• Koleksi Buku Teks Digital KSSM dan KBSM Tingkatan 5 (Lima)

Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan

Koleksi soalan dan latihan tingkatan 5 + jawapan.

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• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Matematik Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Bahasa Inggeris Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Sejarah Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Kimia Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Fizik Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Biologi Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Sains Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Pendidikan Islam Tingkatan 5 (SPM) + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Perniagaan Tingkatan 5 (SPM)+ Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Matematik Tambahan (Additional Mathematics) Tingkatan 5 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Matematik (Mathematics) Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Sejarah Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Sains (Science) Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Biologi (Biology) Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Fizik (Physics) Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Kimia (Chemistry) Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Matematik Tambahan (Additional Mathematics) Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Perniagaan Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Pendidikan Islam Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Geografi Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan dan Latihan Tasawwur Islam Tingkatan 4 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Nota Ringkas dan Padat, Soalan, Latihan, KBAT, Peperiksaan, Ujian Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 dan Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

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• SPM, Tingkatan 5 : Soalan, Nota, Peperiksaan, Ujian, Bahan Rujukan Penting Semua Subjek
• Tingkatan 4 : Soalan, Nota, Peperiksaan, Ujian, Bahan Rujukan Penting Semua Subjek
• Bahan-Bahan Rujukan Penting dan Berguna untuk Subjek-Subjek Utama SPM, Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

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SPM English 2021 Format

9 March 2021

6 minutes to read

• 01. The Perks of The Latest 2021 SPM English Format
• 02. The Aims of SPM English 2021 Examination
• 03. SPM 2021 Examination’s Breakdown and English Essay Format

In March 2020 last year, the Malaysia Ministry of Education (MOE) has announced that all the Form Four students will follow the new English format following the Malaysia High School Standard Curriculum (KSSM), starting from 2020. This new format will be used for the Malaysia High School Degree (SPM) 2021 examination.

As you may know, English is one of the core subjects in Malaysia. This new format will be aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), which is an international standard for describing language ability.

This implementation can be seen as a significant effort to reform the English language education system in the country for the better. In my opinion, these changes are a good thing for all Malaysian students.

It is believed, through comprehensive studies on the experiences of other countries that have implemented CEFR, there are pieces of evidence that this new format could enhance the English language teaching and learning process.

So, you do not need to freak out about how the examination format changes as the government have gradually implemented the new format for in-class teaching and learning ever since 2014!

Thus, in 2020, this new format will finally be used in the examination too!

Here, take a look at the Malaysia Government’s Press Release For SPM on the implementation of the latest SPM 2021 Format.

The Perks of The Latest 2021 SPM English Format

I can confidently say to all SPM 2021 candidates, ‘You are lucky!’ . The new SPM format is so much easier to score an ‘A’, especially for the English paper . Are you wondering why?  

Let’s take a look at the comparison shown in the table below.

Comparison Between the Latest SPM Examination and the Previous SPM Prior to 2021 (Superprof)

You must be thinking, why did I say that the new SPM Format is easier when you need to sit in for more papers just for the English subject?

Well, as I said earlier on this blog, the government has started implementing this format in classroom teaching and learning session for quite some time. So, this is actually NOT a new thing. You are more than familiar with this format already.

Secondly, the marks for each paper will be broken down into four papers instead of 2 papers. Definitely, it will become easier for you to score! How so?

Each student has different capabilities. Some are good only in written examinations such as writing and reading, whilst some others are more comfortable with speaking and listening.

The latest SPM format is more comprehensive and covers all aspects of English learning. So, you should be relieved that you might get more marks on the papers that you are good at.

Again, ‘You are lucky!’ Just so you know, the new English Format will be preparing you for a life-long English Learning process.

Once you step into higher education, whether into a university, college or academy, you will still have to take English subject as a second language. However, the format for the English course will be the same as what you have learnt at school.

If you would like to study further in a local undergraduate programme, you must take the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) since English will be used as a teaching and learning medium.

Besides, if you wish to further study abroad, you would need to take an English test too, either the  International English Language Testing System (IELTS) or the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).

Can’t you see how lucky you are now? Some of the previous generations had difficulties adjusting to the changes once they entered a higher level education institution. The English format that they have learnt at school was vastly different from the format they teach at universities or college.

These changes are actually beneficial for the current students as it will give them an early preparation for the world ahead, whether in their studies or at work.

You can also download the comprehensive Latest SPM 2021 Format Assessment.

The Aims of SPM English 2021 Examination

According to the Curriculum Development Division (2018), the aims of CEFR is to enable pupils to communicate confidently, proficiently and competently; be knowledgeable, respectful of other cultures and well-versed in emergent literacies; make calculated decisions through critical and analytical thinking, and collaborate with others to solve problems creatively and innovatively in the real world”

English 1119 has been accepted throughout the world as a test for non-native English speakers. This exam targeted Level B1 and B2 in the CEFR. There will be a combination of pre-test, trials and expert judgement to ensure that the examination will measure the difficulty at the B1 – B2 level accurately.

Don’t get depressed if you obtained a B2 result as it is actually a higher grade than B1. The CEFR level sequences are not like our standard grade which A1 is the highest. Take a look at how CEFR grades work below.

The grading system on CEFR from the lowest A1 to the highest C2 and also IELTS standard from band 1 until band 9 (Superprof)

The English CEFR Level for high school standard is only up to B2. This system has been broadly used to measure the language level of foreign language learners.

Basically, these levels are based on the ability of students to communicate and understand English. These abilities cover 5 language skills which are as follows.

• Making conversation (Spoken Interaction)
• Replying to the conversation (Spoken Production)

Read more on Superprof's compilation on the  Complete Guide to Tackle ‘A’ in English for SPM 2021

SPM 2021 Examination’s Breakdown and English Essay Format

You have just been brief by Superprof on the latest SPM Examination 2021 Format. In this chapter, you will understand further the breakdown of SPM English Examination. Have a look at the table below.

Basically, you will have to sit in 4 papers solely for the English subject. These papers will evaluate the level of your language on several skill sets.

Paper 1 is to evaluate the reading and comprehension of students. There are 40 questions in multiple-choice objectives, multiple form objectives and limited response. You can look at Sample Paper 1, SPM 2021. 

Paper 2  is a writing paper where you will have to write 3 essays. The first and second essays is a limited response essay, whilst the third question is an open response essay where you can choose 1 title to write. Here is Sample Paper 2, SPM 2021.

Paper 3  is a speaking test. You will take this test with another student. There are 3 parts for this test, the first and second part needs to be answered individually, whilst in the last part, you will need to make conversation with your partner. Get a Sample Paper 3, SPM 2021 here.

Paper 4  is a listening test where you will need to listen to a conversation and answer the questions given. Find out here for Sample Paper 4, SPM 2021.

You need to bear in mind that every language learner is not always at the same level in language skill -   your writing may be a lot stronger than your speaking capabilities, or your reading might be better than your grammatical accuracy.

The breakdown of the English subject into 4 papers can level out your grade. It seems more fair, right?

Besides, the progress speed is different between individuals so it is not very helpful if you keep comparing yourself with other people. These divisions can help you set a realistic goal to identify your weak section and focus more on that particular skill set.

To sum up this article, I have mentioned this many times earlier in this article, you are very lucky to be the next SPM candidate as the format has gotten more comprehensive.

The latest SPM English Grades can be used for applying to any college or scholarship programme that needs you to have a CEFR certificate up to level B2.

Yes, you will get another certificate for SPM English GCE-O Level (1119). This is the result graded according to the British standard. This certificate has been given to all other SPM leavers before the year 2021.

However, the framework of the exams is not as comprehensive as the latest 2021 SPM Format. Be rest assured, your SPM GCE-O Certificate will be more trusted and of higher quality compared to the previous format.

We, from the previous generation, say that our certificate does not have much good for us, it is just a lousy indicator of our English level. Fingers crossed, yours will be 1000 times better!

Good Luck in your high school final year!

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Alia Jamaludin is known as a passionate environmentalist and animal lover. By being both educator and writer, she can reach out her positive thought to almost every being on this planet.

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Your writing has been very helpful. Thanks a bunch!

Hi… I would like to know.. if a student scores A+ for her English in SPM… what is the CEFR equivalent level?

A+ does not reflect his/ her CEFR result. Mine got A but my CEFR is B2.

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the 3 popular essay formats: which should you use.

General Education

Not sure which path your essay should follow? Formatting an essay may not be as interesting as choosing a topic to write about or carefully crafting elegant sentences, but it’s an extremely important part of creating a high-quality paper. In this article, we’ll explain essay formatting rules for three of the most popular essay styles: MLA, APA, and Chicago.

For each, we’ll do a high-level overview of what your essay’s structure and references should look like, then we include a comparison chart with nitty-gritty details for each style, such as which font you should use for each and whether they’re a proponent of the Oxford comma. We also include information on why essay formatting is important and what you should do if you’re not sure which style to use.

Why Is Your Essay Format Important?

Does it really matter which font size you use or exactly how you cite a source in your paper? It can! Style formats were developed as a way to standardize how pieces of writing and their works cited lists should look. 

Why is this necessary? Imagine you’re a teacher, researcher, or publisher who reviews dozens of papers a week. If the papers didn’t follow the same formatting rules, you could waste a lot of time trying to figure out which sources were used, if certain information is a direct quote or paraphrased, even who the paper’s author is. Having essay formatting rules to follow makes things easier for everyone involved. Writers can follow a set of guidelines without trying to decide for themselves which formatting choices are best, and readers don’t need to go hunting for the information they’re trying to find.

Next, we’ll discuss the three most common style formats for essays.

MLA Essay Format

MLA style was designed by the Modern Language Association, and it has become the most popular college essay format for students writing papers for class. It was originally developed for students and researchers in the literature and language fields to have a standardized way of formatting their papers, but it is now used by people in all disciplines, particularly humanities. MLA is often the style teachers prefer their students to use because it has simple, clear rules to follow without extraneous inclusions often not needed for school papers. For example, unlike APA or Chicago styles, MLA doesn’t require a title page for a paper, only a header in the upper left-hand corner of the page.

MLA style doesn’t have any specific requirements for how to write your essay, but an MLA format essay will typically follow the standard essay format of an introduction (ending with a thesis statement), several body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

One of the nice things about creating your works cited for MLA is that all references are structured the same way, regardless of whether they’re a book, newspaper, etc. It’s the only essay format style that makes citing references this easy! Here is a guide on how to cite any source in MLA format. When typing up your works cited, here are a few MLA format essay rules to keep in mind:

• The works cited page should be the last paper of your paper.
• This page should still be double-spaced and include the running header of your last name and page number.
• It should begin with “Works Cited” at the top of the page, centered.
• Your works cited should be organized in alphabetical order, based on the first word of the citation.

APA Essay Format

APA stands for the American Psychological Association. This format type is most often used for research papers, specifically those in behavioral sciences (such as psychology and neuroscience) and social sciences (ranging from archeology to economics). Because APA is often used for more research-focused papers, they have a more specific format to follow compared to, say, MLA style.

All APA style papers begin with a title page, which contains the title of the paper (in capital letters), your name, and your institutional affiliation (if you’re a student, then this is simply the name of the school you attend). The APA recommends the title of your paper not be longer than 12 words.

After your title page, your paper begins with an abstract. The abstract is a single paragraph, typically between 150 to 250 words, that sums up your research. It should include the topic you’re researching, research questions, methods, results, analysis, and a conclusion that touches on the significance of the research. Many people find it easier to write the abstract last, after completing the paper.

After the abstract comes the paper itself. APA essay format recommends papers be short, direct, and make their point clearly and concisely. This isn’t the time to use flowery language or extraneous descriptions. Your paper should include all the sections mentioned in the abstract, each expanded upon.

Following the paper is the list of references used. Unlike MLA style, in APA essay format, every source type is referenced differently. So the rules for referencing a book are different from those for referencing a journal article are different from those referencing an interview. Here’s a guide for how to reference different source types in APA format . Your references should begin on a new page that says “REFERENCES” at the top, centered. The references should be listed in alphabetical order.

Chicago Essay Format

Chicago style (sometimes referred to as “Turabian style”) was developed by the University of Chicago Press and is typically the least-used by students of the three major essay style formats. The Chicago Manual of Style (currently on its 17th edition) contains within its 1000+ pages every rule you need to know for this style. This is a very comprehensive style, with a rule for everything. It’s most often used in history-related fields, although many people refer to The Chicago Manual of Style for help with a tricky citation or essay format question. Many book authors use this style as well.

Like APA, Chicago style begins with a title page, and it has very specific format rules for doing this which are laid out in the chart below. After the title page may come an abstract, depending on whether you’re writing a research paper or not. Then comes the essay itself. The essay can either follow the introduction → body → conclusion format of MLA or the different sections included in the APA section. Again, this depends on whether you’re writing a paper on research you conducted or not.

Unlike MLA or APA, Chicago style typically uses footnotes or endnotes instead of in-text or parenthetical citations. You’ll place the superscript number at the end of the sentence (for a footnote) or end of the page (for an endnote), then have an abbreviated source reference at the bottom of the page. The sources will then be fully referenced at the end of the paper, in the order of their footnote/endnote numbers. The reference page should be titled “Bibliography” if you used footnotes/endnotes or “References” if you used parenthetical author/date in-text citations.

Comparison Chart

Below is a chart comparing different formatting rules for APA, Chicago, and MLA styles.

How Should You Format Your Essay If Your Teacher Hasn’t Specified a Format?

What if your teacher hasn’t specified which essay format they want you to use? The easiest way to solve this problem is simply to ask your teacher which essay format they prefer. However, if you can’t get ahold of them or they don’t have a preference, we recommend following MLA format. It’s the most commonly-used essay style for students writing papers that aren’t based on their own research, and its formatting rules are general enough that a teacher of any subject shouldn’t have a problem with an MLA format essay. The fact that this style has one of the simplest sets of rules for citing sources is an added bonus!

What's Next?

Thinking about taking an AP English class? Read our guide on AP English classes to learn whether you should take AP English Language or AP English Literature (or both!)

Compound sentences are an importance sentence type to know. Read our guide on compound sentences for everything you need to know about compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences.

Need ideas for a research paper topic? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you.

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

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How to Format an Essay

Last Updated: April 11, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Carrie Adkins, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Aly Rusciano . Carrie Adkins is the cofounder of NursingClio, an open access, peer-reviewed, collaborative blog that connects historical scholarship to current issues in gender and medicine. She completed her PhD in American History at the University of Oregon in 2013. While completing her PhD, she earned numerous competitive research grants, teaching fellowships, and writing awards. There are 11 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 87,553 times.

You’re opening your laptop to write an essay, knowing exactly what you want to write, but then it hits you—you don’t know how to format it! Using the correct format when writing an essay can help your paper look polished and professional while earning you full credit. There are 3 common essay formats—MLA, APA, and Chicago Style—and we’ll teach you the basics of properly formatting each in this article. So, before you shut your laptop in frustration, take a deep breath and keep reading because soon you’ll be formatting like a pro.

Setting Up Your Document

• If you can’t find information on the style guide you should be following, talk to your instructor after class to discuss the assignment or send them a quick email with your questions.
• If your instructor lets you pick the format of your essay, opt for the style that matches your course or degree best: MLA is best for English and humanities; APA is typically for education, psychology, and sciences; Chicago Style is common for business, history, and fine arts.

• Most word processors default to 1 inch (2.5 cm) margins.

• Do not change the font size, style, or color throughout your essay.

• Change the spacing on Google Docs by clicking on Format , and then selecting “Line spacing.”
• Click on Layout in Microsoft Word, and then click the arrow at the bottom left of the “paragraph” section.

• Using the page number function will create consecutive numbering.
• When using Chicago Style, don’t include a page number on your title page. The first page after the title page should be numbered starting at 2. [4] X Research source
• In APA format, a running heading may be required in the left-hand header. This is a maximum of 50 characters that’s the full or abbreviated version of your essay’s title. [5] X Research source

• For APA formatting, place the title in bold at the center of the page 3 to 4 lines down from the top. Insert one double-spaced line under the title and type your name. Under your name, in separate centered lines, type out the name of your school, course, instructor, and assignment due date. [6] X Research source
• For Chicago Style, set your cursor ⅓ of the way down the page, then type your title. In the very center of your page, put your name. Move your cursor ⅔ down the page, then write your course number, followed by your instructor’s name and paper due date on separate, double-spaced lines. [7] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source

• Double-space the heading like the rest of your paper.

Writing the Essay Body

• Use standard capitalization rules for your title.
• Do not underline, italicize, or put quotation marks around your title, unless you include other titles of referred texts.

• A good hook might include a quote, statistic, or rhetorical question.
• For example, you might write, “Every day in the United States, accidents caused by distracted drivers kill 9 people and injure more than 1,000 others.”

• "Action must be taken to reduce accidents caused by distracted driving, including enacting laws against texting while driving, educating the public about the risks, and giving strong punishments to offenders."
• "Although passing and enforcing new laws can be challenging, the best way to reduce accidents caused by distracted driving is to enact a law against texting, educate the public about the new law, and levy strong penalties."

• Use transitions between paragraphs so your paper flows well. For example, say, “In addition to,” “Similarly,” or “On the other hand.” [12] X Research source

• A statement of impact might be, "Every day that distracted driving goes unaddressed, another 9 families must plan a funeral."
• A call to action might read, “Fewer distracted driving accidents are possible, but only if every driver keeps their focus on the road.”

Using References

• In MLA format, citations should include the author’s last name and the page number where you found the information. If the author's name appears in the sentence, use just the page number. [14] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source
• For APA format, include the author’s last name and the publication year. If the author’s name appears in the sentence, use just the year. [15] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source
• If you don’t use parenthetical or internal citations, your instructor may accuse you of plagiarizing.

• At the bottom of the page, include the source’s information from your bibliography page next to the footnote number. [16] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source
• Each footnote should be numbered consecutively.

• If you’re using MLA format, this page will be titled “Works Cited.”
• In APA and Chicago Style, title the page “References.”

• If you have more than one work from the same author, list alphabetically following the title name for MLA and by earliest to latest publication year for APA and Chicago Style.
• Double-space the references page like the rest of your paper.
• Use a hanging indent of 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) if your citations are longer than one line. Press Tab to indent any lines after the first. [17] X Research source
• Citations should include (when applicable) the author(s)’s name(s), title of the work, publication date and/or year, and page numbers.
• Sites like Grammarly , EasyBib , and MyBib can help generate citations if you get stuck.

Formatting Resources

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

• ↑ https://www.une.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/392149/WE_Formatting-your-essay.pdf
• ↑ https://content.nroc.org/DevelopmentalEnglish/unit10/Foundations/formatting-a-college-essay-mla-style.html
• ↑ https://camosun.libguides.com/Chicago-17thEd/titlePage
• ↑ https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/page-header
• ↑ https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/title-page
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
• ↑ https://www.uvu.edu/writingcenter/docs/basicessayformat.pdf
• ↑ https://www.deanza.edu/faculty/cruzmayra/basicessayformat.pdf
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_in_text_citations_the_basics.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
• ↑ https://library.menloschool.org/chicago

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Learn the Standard Essay Format: MLA, APA, Chicago Styles

Being able to write an essay is a vital part of any student's education. However, it's not just about linearly listing ideas. A lot of institutions will require a certain format that your paper must follow; prime examples would be one of a basic essay format like MLA, the APA, and the Chicago formats. This article will explain the differences between the MLA format, the APA format, and the Chicago format. The application of these could range from high school to college essays, and they stand as the standard of college essay formatting. EssayPro — dissertation services , that will help to make a difference!

What is an Essay Format: Structure

Be it an academic, informative or a specific extended essay - structure is essential. For example, the IB extended essay has very strict requirements that are followed by an assigned academic style of writing (primarily MLA, APA, or Chicago):

This outline format for an extended essay is a great example to follow when writing a research essay, and sustaining a proper research essay format - especially if it is based on the MLA guidelines. It is vital to remember that the student must keep track of their resources to apply them to each step outlined above easily. And check out some tips on how to write an essay introduction .

Lost in the Labyrinth of Essay Formatting?

Navigate the complexities of essay structures with ease. Let our experts guide your paper to the format it deserves!

How to Format an Essay (MLA)

To write an essay in MLA format, one must follow a basic set of guidelines and instructions. This is a step by step from our business essay writing service.

Essay in MLA Format Example

Mla vs. apa.

Before we move on to the APA essay format, it is important to distinguish the two types of formatting. Let’s go through the similarities first:

• The formatting styles are similar: spacing, citation, indentation.
• All of the information that is used within the essay must be present within the works cited page (in APA, that’s called a reference page)
• Both use the parenthetical citations within the body of the paper, usually to show a certain quote or calculation.
• Citations are listed alphabetically on the works cited / reference page.

What you need to know about the differences is not extensive, thankfully:

• MLA style is mostly used in humanities, while APA style is focused more on social sciences. The list of sources has a different name (works cited - MLA / references - APA)
• Works cited differ on the way they display the name of the original content (MLA -> Yorke, Thom / APA -> Yorke T.)
• When using an in-text citation, and the author’s name is listed within the sentence, place the page number found at the end: “Yorke believes that Creep was Radiohead’s worst song. (4).” APA, on the other hand, requires that a year is to be inserted: “According to Yorke (2013), Creep was a mess.”

Alright, let’s carry over to the APA style specifics.

Order an Essay Now & and We Will Cite and Format It For Free :

How to format an essay (apa).

The APA scheme is one of the most common college essay formats, so being familiar with its requirements is crucial. In a basic APA format structure, we can apply a similar list of guidelines as we did in the MLA section:

If you ask yourself how to format an essay, you can always turn to us and request to write or rewrite essay in APA format if you find it difficult or don't have time.

Note that some teachers and professors may request deviations from some of the characteristics that the APA format originally requires, such as those listed above.

If you think: 'I want someone write a research paper for me ', you can do it at Essaypro.

Essay in APA Format Example

Apa format chronobiology, chicago style.

The usage of Chicago style is prevalent in academic writing that focuses on the source of origin. This means that precise citations and footnotes are key to a successful paper.

Chicago Style Essay Format

The same bullet point structure can be applied to the Chicago essay format.

Tips for Writing an Academic Paper

There isn’t one proper way of writing a paper, but there are solid guidelines to sustain a consistent workflow. Be it a college application essay, a research paper, informative essay, etc. There is a standard essay format that you should follow. For easier access, the following outline will be divided into steps:

Choose a Good Topic

A lot of students struggle with picking a good topic for their essays. The topic you choose should be specific enough so you can explore it in its entirety and hit your word limit if that’s a variable you worry about. With a good topic that should not be a problem. On the other hand, it should not be so broad that some resources would outweigh the information you could squeeze into one paper. Don’t be too specific, or you will find that there is a shortage of information, but don’t be too broad or you will feel overwhelmed. Don’t hesitate to ask your instructor for help with your essay writing.

Start Research as Soon as Possible

Before you even begin writing, make sure that you are acquainted with the information that you are working with. Find compelling arguments and counterpoints, trivia, facts, etc. The sky is the limit when it comes to gathering information.

Pick out Specific, Compelling Resources

When you feel acquainted with the subject, you should be able to have a basic conversation on the matter. Pick out resources that have been bookmarked, saved or are very informative and start extracting information. You will need all you can get to put into the citations at the end of your paper. Stash books, websites, articles and have them ready to cite. See if you can subtract or expand your scope of research.

Create an Outline

Always have a plan. This might be the most important phase of the process. If you have a strong essay outline and you have a particular goal in mind, it’ll be easy to refer to it when you might get stuck somewhere in the middle of the paper. And since you have direct links from the research you’ve done beforehand, the progress is guaranteed to be swift. Having a list of keywords, if applicable, will surely boost the informational scope. With keywords specific to the subject matter of each section, it should be much easier to identify its direction and possible informational criteria.

Write a Draft

Before you jot anything down into the body of your essay, make sure that the outline has enough information to back up whatever statement you choose to explore. Do not be afraid of letting creativity into your paper (within reason, of course) and explore the possibilities. Start with a standard 5 paragraph structure, and the content will come with time.

Ask for a Peer Review of Your Academic Paper

Before you know it, the draft is done, and it’s ready to be sent out for peer review. Ask a classmate, a relative or even a specialist if they are willing to contribute. Get as much feedback as you possibly can and work on it.

Final Draft

Before handing in the final draft, go over it at least one more time, focusing on smaller mistakes like grammar and punctuation. Make sure that what you wrote follows proper essay structure. Learn more about argumentative essay structure on our blog. If you need a second pair of eyes, get help from our service.

Want Your Essay to Stand Out in Structure and Style?

Don't let poor formatting overshadow your ideas. Find your essay on sale and ensure your paper gets the professional polish it deserves!

What Is Essay Format?

How to format a college essay, how to write an essay in mla format.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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Thursday, June 26, 2014

46 good spm english model essays / free essay samples for o-level, ielts, toefl & muet writing, 46 model essay samples for spm english, o-level, ielts, toefl & muet writing,         descriptive essays.

• My Best Friend
• Describe an afternoon at the bus station
• A Horrifying Swim
• A Prominent Malaysian Leader
• A Demonic Gold
• My Favourite TV Programme
• The Night Market

Narrative Essays

• A Horror / Tragic Story
• Finally, A Voice Message
• That is the reward for my patience and hardwork
• A Holiday I Would Never Forget
• Couple Foils Robbery Attempt
• Write a story starting with: “The widow had to work hard to bring up her little son alone...”
• My Most Embarrassing Situation
• A Road Accident
• Autumn on Sugarbush Street
• Of Bombs and Ice-Cream

Argumentative / Persuasive Essays

• Haze: A Danger to Health
• Cell phones - One of Our Greatest Technologies Misused
• Importance of Studying English

Reflective Essays

• Are undergraduates ready for the real world?
• Does School Prepare Us for Life
• What would you do if you had a lot of money

Factual Essays

• Social Networking Website

Directed Writing

• Anti-Smoking Campaign Speech
• Informal Letter
• Informal Letter Sample
• Formal Letter: Letter of Application
• Formal Letter: Letter of Complain
• Complain Report About School Canteen
• Book Report
• Police Report on Accident

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Are you having trouble making your essay look just right? Lots of students find formatting tricky, so you're not alone. 

This guide is here to help you figure out how to format your essay. We've got examples of essays in APA, MLA, Chicago, and other styles to make it easier for you to learn.

So, keep reading – we've got you covered!

• 1. What is an Essay Format?
• 2. How To Format Essay in MLA Style
• 3. How to Format Essay in APA
• 4. How to Format Essay in Chicago Style
• 5. Formatting In-Text Citations: APA, MLA, and Chicago Styles
• 6. How to Determine What Format to Follow

What is an Essay Format?

An essay format refers to a set of guidelines that decides how the elements of your paper should be arranged. No matter what type of essay you’re writing, formatting is an essential step in the essay writing process.

The format guidelines cover the essay structure, title, citations, and the basic outline of the essay. 

When formatting a paper, there are certain things that you need to pay attention to. These include the structure of an essay, title page, works cited page, and citation styles . 

Here is a basic essay format template:

How To Format Essay in MLA Style

Formatting an essay in MLA style is a common requirement in many academic settings, particularly in the humanities. 

MLA provides guidelines for various aspects of your essay, from font and margins to citations and bibliography. Here’s an essay format MLA you can use as a reference:

MLA Essay Format Template

• Title Page: MLA does not typically require a separate title page. Instead, place your title at the top of the first page, centered, and do not use bold, italics, or underline for the title. Below the title, include your name, the instructor's name, the course name and number, and the due date, each on a separate line, left-aligned.
• Header and Page Numbers: Create a header with your last name and page number in the upper right corner of every page, half an inch from the top, and flush with the right margin. For example: Smith 1.
• Margins and Spacing: Set all margins to 1 inch, and use double-spacing throughout the essay.
• Font and Size: Use a legible font like Times New Roman or Arial, size 12.
• Indentation: Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches, which can be done automatically using the "Tab" key.
• Paragraphs: Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks within sentences.
• Title: Place the title of your essay (centered) at the top of the first page. Do not use bold, italics, or underlining for the title. Capitalize major words.
• Citations: MLA uses in-text citations to acknowledge sources. When quoting or paraphrasing, include the author's last name and the page number (e.g., Smith 45).
• Works Cited Page: At the end of your essay, include a separate page titled "Works Cited." List all sources alphabetically by the author's last name. Follow the specific MLA citation style for different types of sources (books, articles, websites, etc.).

Sample MLA Essay

How to Format Essay in APA

Formatting an essay in APA style is commonly used in the social sciences and psychology. 

APA provides a set of guidelines for various elements of your essay, including formatting, citations, and references. Here’s how to format essay in apa:

APA Essay Format Template

• Title Page: The title page in APA includes: Title of the Essay (centered, bold, and in title case) Your Name (centered) Institutional Affiliation (centered) Running head: [Shortened Title] (flush left, in uppercase) Page Number (flush right)
• Header and Page Numbers: Create a header with the title of your essay in all capital letters, followed by a colon and a shortened version of the title (up to 50 characters), in the upper left corner of every page. The page number should be in the upper right corner.
• Font and Size: Use a clear and readable font like Times New Roman or Arial, size 12.
• Paragraphs: Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches. Use a hanging indent for references on the reference page.
• Citations: Use in-text citations to acknowledge sources. Include the author's last name and the publication year (e.g., Smith, 2023) when quoting or paraphrasing.
• Title: Use bold and title case for the title of your essay on the title page. On subsequent pages, use a shortened version of the title (in uppercase) as the header.
• References Page: At the end of your essay, create a separate page titled "References." List all sources alphabetically by the author's last name. Follow the specific APA citation style for different types of sources (books, articles, websites, etc.).

Sample APA Essay

How to Format Essay in Chicago Style

Formatting an essay in Chicago style, often used in history and some other humanities disciplines, requires specific guidelines for citations and formatting. Here are the guidelines to format your essay in Chicago style:

Chicago Essay Format Template

• Title Page: The title page in Chicago style includes: Title of the Essay (centered, in headline-style capitalization) Your Name (centered) Course Name and Number (centered) Instructor's Name (centered) Date (centered)
• Margins and Spacing: Set all margins to 1 inch. Use double-spacing throughout the essay.
• Page Numbers: Number pages in the upper right corner of each page, beginning with the first page of the main text (usually page 1). Page numbers should be in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.).
• Paragraphs: Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches. Use a block paragraph style with no extra space between paragraphs.
• Citations: In Chicago style, you have two citation options: footnotes and endnotes. In your text, place a superscript number (e.g., ^1) at the end of the sentence containing the cited information. Corresponding footnotes or endnotes should provide full citation details.
• Title: Use headline-style capitalization for the title of your essay (e.g., "The History of Ancient Civilizations").
• Bibliography: At the end of your essay, include a separate page titled "Bibliography." List all sources alphabetically by the author's last name. Follow the specific Chicago citation style for different types of sources (books, articles, websites, etc.).

Sample Chicago Essay

Formatting In-Text Citations: APA, MLA, and Chicago Styles

An in-text citation is a brief reference within the body of your essay or research paper that indicates the source of information you have incorporated into your writing.

Each of the formatting style have a unique way for adding in-text citations:

In APA style, remember to include the author's last name, the publication date, and the page number (if applicable) within parentheses.

Example: "The impact of climate change on biodiversity is a growing concern (Smith, 2020, p. 27)."

In MLA style, provide the author's last name and the page number without any punctuation between them.

Example: "The impact of climate change on biodiversity is a growing concern (Jones 42)."

Chicago Style Format

The Chicago Manual of Style offers two distinct options for in-text citations:

• Author-Date Style: In this approach, you place your citations within parentheses directly within the text. This style involves citing the author's last name and the publication date within the body of your text. Example: (Smith 2021) or "According to Smith (2021),..."
• Notes and Bibliography Style: This style utilizes numbered footnotes or endnotes to provide citations. Instead of placing citations within the text, you include a superscript number at the end of the relevant sentence, which corresponds to a full citation located in a footnote at the bottom of the page (or endnotes at the end of the document). Example: Johnson argues that "the data is unconvincing."¹ Nevertheless, Smith contends that the study makes "a compelling case" for this plan of action.²

Each of these Chicago citation styles has its unique advantages and is chosen based on the requirements of the assignment or the preferences of the writer.

How to Determine What Format to Follow

Selecting the appropriate citation format for your academic writing is essential to ensure that your work meets the expected standards. To make an informed decision, consider the following factors:

Subject and Discipline

• APA Style: Primarily used in the social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and education. It is also common in business and nursing disciplines.
• MLA Style: Commonly employed in humanities disciplines, including literature, languages, and cultural studies. It's widely used for papers related to literature and the arts.
• Chicago Style: Used in history, some social sciences, and certain humanities disciplines. Chicago offers both author-date and notes and bibliography styles, making it versatile for various subjects.

Professor's Instructions

Always adhere to your professor's specific instructions regarding citation style and writing convention . Professors may have preferences or requirements based on the nature of the course or assignment.

For instance, an English professor might prefer MLA for literary analysis, while a psychology professor may opt for APA to encourage familiarity with research norms. However, when formatting styles are not specified by the instructor, you can follow whatever is appropriate for your subject.

Institutional Guidelines

Your educational institution may have established guidelines or standards for citation formats. 

Check your institution's style guide or consult with academic advisors to ensure compliance with their specific requirements.

By considering the subject matter, your professor's preferences, and your institution's guidelines, you can confidently choose the appropriate citation style to enhance the clarity and professionalism of your academic writing.

Now that you've gained a solid understanding of the basics for three major formatting styles, you're well-prepared to tackle your essay formatting with confidence. 

Whether you're crafting an essay, a research paper, or any academic document, these formatting principles will help you present your ideas professionally.

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How to Write a Formal Essay: Format, Rules, & Example

If you’re a student, you’ve heard about a formal essay: a factual, research-based paper written in 3rd person. Most students have to produce dozens of them during their educational career. 

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Writing a formal essay may not be the easiest task. But fear not: our custom-writing team is here to guide you through the process. This article will:

• explain what a formal essay is;
• show how to write it step by step;
• provide you with an essay sample. 

👔 Formal Essay Definition

• ✅ How to Write
• ✍️ Writing Rules
• 🖥️ Essay Format
• 📑 Sample Paper

🔍 References

A formal essay is a well-structured piece of writing with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. This type of essay often includes cited research, uses an academic tone, and is written in 3rd person. While writing a formal essay, it’s necessary to back up your arguments with factual evidence.

What Is an Informal Essay vs. Formal Essay?

Essays come in two formats: formal and informal (also known as personal .) They differ in terms of style and context. You can choose one of the formats depending on the situation and the type of paper you need to write.

Don’t know how to tell the difference between them? Well, here are some key characteristics of these essay types:

As you can see, these types of writing are almost total opposites. Informal essays are only reserved for creative assignments, which means that most of the papers you write need to be formal.

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Our article on creative essays can help you write an informal paper. But how do you craft a perfect formal essay? Keep reading to find out.

✅ How to Write a Formal Essay

Traditionally, a formal essay it’s composed of 3 sections: an introduction, 3 or more body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Let’s examine each part in detail.

Formal Essay Introduction

The introduction is what your essay starts with. Its primary goal is to catch the reader’s attention with a hook, briefly introduce the topic, and lead toward the thesis statement located at the end of the first paragraph.

Here is what you might want to keep in mind while writing the introduction:

If you want some more inspiration for your introduction, check out our article on hooks in writing .

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Now on to the thesis statement : the key idea of your essay. When working on it, keep in mind that it should answer the central question in your topic and reflect your essay’s overall structure. your essay’s overall structure.

Suppose your topic is related to the teaching methods involving poetry. In that case, the thesis statement can be like this:

Teaching methods that involve reading and writing poetry in elementary school are beneficial for children as they enhance their capacity for empathy, develop creativity, and help with self-realization.

Formal Essay Body

The next part of an essay is the main body paragraphs. They support the thesis statement with well-developed arguments and explore the topic in-depth. Each body paragraph starts with a topic sentence stating its main point. The length of a paragraph can vary, but the best option is to have between 4 and 7 sentences.

To make the text flow easily, you may use transitional words. Here are some examples:

• after all, 
• for instance, 
• on the one/other hand, 
• initially, 
• as a result.

How to Write a Formal Essay Conclusion

Lastly, every essay needs closure. A good conclusion summarizes the essay’s main ideas, includes a paraphrased thesis, and encourages the readers to think more about the topic.

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The structure of a conclusion may change slightly depending on the subject. For instance, it can suggest some solutions to a problem, express an opinion, or give a recommendation. It’s important to remember that the conclusion is a part that emphasizes your essay’s most important points and doesn’t introduce new information.

If you’re curious about writing each essay part, check out our article on 5-paragraph essays .

✍️ Formal Writing Rules

Just like choosing the proper attire to wear to a formal event, we need to use the right words while writing a formal essay. Here are some suggestions that can help you maintain a formal tone in your paper:  

Dos of formal writing

• Pay attention to your vocabulary. The words you will use in a formal essay will likely have a nuanced meaning. Make sure you know exactly what the terms mean, and do your best to sound precise.
• Use punctuation correctly. Here are some of the things to watch out for: Avoid exclamation marks; Use dashes for insertions; Use colons with enumerations; If you’re unsure of whether to use a punctuation mark or not, rewrite the sentence in a way that doesn’t require it.
• Use varied sentence structure. In formal writing, there is always a danger of sounding monotonous. Avoid repeating sentence structures to make your essay more readable.
• Provide references. It’s essential to cite every idea that you borrow. Try to paraphrase quotations from your sources: it will help you avoid plagiarism.

Don’ts of formal writing

• Avoid using pronouns.  With words such as “I,” “me,” “we,” or “us,” an essay becomes wordy. It also makes the author seem less sure of their ideas. If you want to use personal pronouns, try substituting them with words like “the reader,” “viewers,” or “one.”
• Avoid using slang expressions and nonstandard diction. Slang words in a formal essay will make it less appealing to the readers. If you want to be taken seriously, it’s best to avoid those expressions and use proper Standard English.
• Avoid informal tone.  When you write a formal essay, incorporate the language and the expressions you would use while delivering a speech, not the words you use when you casually talk to friends. A formal tone suggests that the author is serious about the topic and respects the audience.
• Avoid passive voice. Passive verbs are hard to read, and they are wordy. Use active voice to sound more straightforward and concise.

Contractions in Formal Writing

A contraction is usually a combination of two words into one, such as “don’t,” “isn’t,” “can’t,” and “wouldn’t.” When you work on a formal essay, it’s essential to be careful about contractions. It’s inappropriate to use them in academic writing, so it’s best to stick to the full variant.

However, there are exceptions to this rule. For instance, when working with direct quotations, it’s essential to reproduce words exactly as they are used in the original. To learn more about it, be sure to check out the University of North Florida’s article on in-text citations .

What to Use Instead of “You” in an Essay

Another common mistake students make is using the “you” and “yours” pronouns to address the readers. This mistake can make the essay overly informal and lead to misinterpretations of the text.

How do you fix it? Our advice is to replace 2nd-person pronouns with the following words:

• individuals,

You can find more formal writing tips in this informative video from Smrt English:

🖥️ Formal Essay Format

Now that we’ve discussed formal essay writing in detail, it’s time to look at the formatting. A formal essay is usually written in MLA or APA formats. If you’re asked to write a paper in one of these formats, you may find the guidelines below helpful:

📑 Formal Essay Example

Here is an excellent sample of a formal essay that uses all the guidelines mentioned in this article. It will help you to produce a perfect paper of your own:

For more information, check out Purdue OWL’s resources on various formatting styles .

Formal Essay Topics

• Stress management techniques
• The effects of coffee
• Negative effects of technology on children
• Causes and outcomes of organizational conflicts in sports 
• Different types of friends
• Same-sex marriages in the United States 
• Are early marriages harmful or beneficial?
• How do nutrition and hydration improve athletes’ performance?
• Is polygamy morally acceptable?
• Different features of sports business
• What characterizes friendship in the age of media ?
• Positive and negative effects of tourism on environment in the Caribbean
• How does society treat single parents ?
• How does the uninvolved parenting style affect child’s future well-being?
• The role of family relationships in Odyssey
• Financial concepts in sport finance
• Main features of a strong marriage
• The importance of media coverage for sport teams 
• Reasons why students choose to get internship
• The role of stadiums in the sports industry
• The multiracial family: the Carters case analysis
• Characteristics of children’s sports 
• Crucial factors affecting health fitness
• How is technology used in hotel management? 
• Structure and operational context of Four Seasons
• What are the main qualities of a true friend? 
• Different websites that promote rental properties
• The imperative aspects of tourism
• Importance of hotel training
• What factors determine adolescents’ adjustment after they experience parental divorce ?
• How does tobacco use affect the human body?
• The importance of language and world view for communication 
• What makes a combination of reinforcement and punishment in parenting efficient? 
• The scientific approach of sports economics 
• How does divorce affect children?
• Living on-campus vs. living off-campus when attending university: a comparison
• How does the New Moves program promote a healthy lifestyle?
• How to be an effective counselor
• Various types of restaurants in Ireland 
• Carolina Dog’s characteristics 
• Comparison of Monzameon’s The Love Suicides at Amijima and Tartuffe by Moliere
• Comparing homosexual and heterosexual families
• How is family presented in Everyday Use by Alice Walker ?
• In what ways can Anaerobic Threshold be assessed?
• Is bad parenting a healthcare problem?
• Why student-athletes should benefit from sports
• Mind-body awareness and its health benefits 
• Can punishment boost academic performance?
• Techniques to teach students swimming
• Issues faced by the sports licensing field

Thanks for reading through this guide! We hope that you found it helpful and now have a better idea of how to write an excellent formal essay. Don’t hesitate to share our article with a friend who may need it. Good luck!

Further reading:

• How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay: Examples & Outline
• What Is a Discourse Analysis Essay: Example & Guide
• How to Write a Narrative Essay Outline: Template & Examples
• How to Write a Précis: Definition, Guide, & Examples 

❓ Formal Essay FAQs

It’s best not to use pronouns such as “I,” “my,” “we,” “our,” etc., in a formal essay since it give the paper an informal tone and the text becomes wordy. It also makes the writer seem less sure about their ideas.

It’s better to avoid using parentheses and dashes in formal academic writing. If the information you want to include in the essay is important enough, it should be a part of the sentence. Otherwise, you can simply omit it.

The formal and informal essays differ in style and context. While a formal essay is a piece of well-structured writing that tries to convince the reader by providing arguments, an informal essay has no set structure. It reflects the author’s personal thoughts or opinions.

Starting your sentence with “because” in formal writing is not the best idea. The word “because” is a subordinate conjunction, which means it’s used to join the main clause to a subordinate clause, not to start a sentence.

It’s best to avoid using 1st- and 2nd-person pronouns, slang expressions, nonstandard diction, and contractions in a formal essay. They are primarily used in daily speech and are considered inappropriate in academic writing. 

• Point of View in Academic Writing: St. Louis Community College
• Components of a Good Essay: University of Evansville
• Introductions & Conclusions: University of Arizona Global Campus
• How to Improve Your Academic Writing: University of York
• Nine Basic Ways to Improve Your Style in Academic Writing: University of California, Berkeley
• Academic Writing Style: Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: University of Southern California
• Formal and Informal Style: Northern Illinois University
• Formal Writing: Davenport University: LibGuides
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