phd lse law

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LLM, Master of Laws

• Graduate taught
• LSE Law School
• Application code M3U1, M3U4 (extended part-time – 48 months)
• Starting 2024
• Home full-time: Closed
• Home part-time: Closed
• Overseas full-time: Closed
• Location: Houghton Street, London

The LSE LLM offers the highest quality of teaching provided by leading international and UK academics. Our approach to the teaching of law combines views and experiences from different disciplinary traditions and jurisdictions. This ensures that what you learn at LSE Law is relevant to legal study and practice in any jurisdiction.

Courses are offered in a broad range of fields including arbitration, human rights, international law, corporate, commercial and financial law.

You can choose to pursue your LLM with a general focus or select a subject specialism. If you take the required minimum number of LLM courses (or more) that fall within one of the following specialist areas you can request that your chosen specialism is included on your final certificate upon graduation. Should your dissertation topic directly correlate with your nominated specialism, the compulsory Legal Research and Writing Skills course can make up part of your specialism if this is agreed by the LSE Law School. Furthermore, with the relevant approval and subject to space on your desired course, you may be able to take up to a full unit course or two half-unit courses from another LSE department. This non-law course may be relevant to your field of specialism (if any), for example international lawyers may, with approval, take a course in international relations, though it will not contribute to gaining an LLM specialism.

Specialisms for 2024/25

Competition and Innovation Corporate and Commercial Law Criminal Law and Justice European, Comparative and Transnational Law Financial Law and Regulation Human Rights Law Intellectual Property Law International Business Law IT and Data Law Law, Politics and Social Change Public International Law Public Law Taxation Law

Programme details

For more information about tuition fees and entry requirements, see the fees and funding and assessing your application sections.

Entry requirements

Minimum entry requirements for llm.

A very good undergraduate degree in law, LLB or equivalent, (for example, a first or very high upper second in the UK LLB or equivalent). 

Applicants with a very good degree in another discipline together with very good grades in an appropriate graduate diploma in law (such as the UK's Graduate Diploma in Law) may also qualify for a place. 

Applicants without an educational background in law may apply, but would need to demonstrate a high level of professional or academic experience in areas closely related to the subjects they wish to study in order to be considered for a place.

Competition for places at the School is high. This means that even if you meet the minimum entry requirement, this does not guarantee you an offer of admission.

If you have studied or are studying outside of the UK then have a look at our  Information for International Students  to find out the entry requirements that apply to you.

Assessing your application

We welcome applications from all suitably qualified prospective students and want to recruit students with the very best academic merit, potential and motivation, irrespective of their background.

We carefully consider each application on an individual basis, taking into account all the information presented on your application form, including your:

- academic achievement (including predicted and achieved grades) - statement of academic purpose - two academic references - CV

See further information on supporting documents

You may also have to provide evidence of your English proficiency, although you do not need to provide this at the time of your application to LSE.  See our English language requirements .

When to apply

Applications for this programme are considered on a rolling basis, meaning the programme will close once it becomes full. There is no fixed deadline by which you need to apply, however, to be considered for any LSE funding opportunity, you must have submitted your application and all supporting documents by the funding deadline. See the fees and funding section for more details. 

Fees and funding

Every graduate student is charged a fee for their programme.

The fee covers registration and examination fees payable to the School, lectures, classes and individual supervision, lectures given at other colleges under intercollegiate arrangements and, under current arrangements, membership of the Students' Union. It does not cover living costs or travel or fieldwork.

Tuition fees 2024/25 for LLM

Home students: £22,176  Overseas students: £36,168

The Table of Fees shows the latest tuition amounts for all programmes offered by the School.

The amount of tuition fees you will need to pay, and any financial support you are eligible for, will depend on whether you are classified as a home or overseas student, otherwise known as your fee status. LSE assesses your fee status based on guidelines provided by the Department of Education.

Further information about fee status classification.

Fee reduction

Students who completed undergraduate study at LSE and are beginning taught graduate study at the School are eligible for a  fee reduction  of around 10 per cent of the fee.

Scholarships and other funding

The School recognises that the  cost of living in London  may be higher than in your home town or country, and we provide generous scholarships each year to home and overseas students.

This programme (excluding the extended part-time route) is eligible for needs-based awards from LSE, including the  Graduate Support Scheme ,  Master's Awards , and  Anniversary Scholarships . 

It is also eligible for: the Marchant Foundation Scholarship  and the Margaret Bennett Scholarship . 

Selection for any funding opportunity is based on receipt of an offer for a place and submitting a Graduate Financial Support application, before the funding deadline. Funding deadline for needs-based awards from LSE:  25 April 2024 .

In addition to our needs-based awards, LSE also makes available scholarships for students from specific regions of the world and awards for students studying specific subject areas.  Find out more about financial support.

Government tuition fee loans and external funding

A postgraduate loan is available from the UK government for eligible students studying for a first master’s programme, to help with fees and living costs. Some other governments and organisations also offer tuition fee loan schemes.

Find out more about tuition fee loans

Further information

Fees and funding opportunities

Information for international students

LSE is an international community, with over 140 nationalities represented amongst its student body. We celebrate this diversity through everything we do.  

If you are applying to LSE from outside of the UK then take a look at our Information for International students . 

1) Take a note of the UK qualifications we require for your programme of interest (found in the ‘Entry requirements’ section of this page). 

2) Go to the International Students section of our website. 

3) Select your country. 

4) Select ‘Graduate entry requirements’ and scroll until you arrive at the information about your local/national qualification. Compare the stated UK entry requirements listed on this page with the local/national entry requirement listed on your country specific page 

Part-time study Part time study is only available for students who do not require a student visa.

Programme structure and courses

This programme is available full-time or part-time. Part-time LLM students take four half-unit courses each year, attending the same sessions as full-time students. Students may also register on an extended part-time basis, taking two half-unit courses each year, and bringing the total duration of the programme to 48 months.

You will take the compulsory course Legal Research and Writing Skills, which is assessed by a 10,000-word dissertation. You will then select seven LLM courses from the large range on offer, usually around 70. 

As noted above, subject to taking the required minimum number of LLM courses (or more) in one of the available specialisms, you can request that your chosen specialism is listed on your final certificate upon graduation, or alternatively your LLM can have a more general focus. The compulsory Legal Research and Writing Skills course can make up a nominated specialism if the topic directly relates to the area of study and upon agreement by the Law School. Furthermore, with the relevant approval and subject to space on your desired course, you may be able to substitute the equivalent of up to two half-unit LLM courses for course/s from another LSE department. 

(* denotes a half unit)  

Legal Research and Writing Skills*

This course provides a specially tailored series of lectures and tutorials on legal research and writing skills which are designed to assist in the writing of a dissertation on a topic of your choice. Further sources of support for the dissertation writing process are set out below

Courses the value of three and a half units from a range of options .

For the most up-to-date list of optional courses please visit the relevant School Calendar page. 

You must note however that while care has been taken to ensure that this information is up to date and correct, a change of circumstances since publication may cause the School to change, suspend or withdraw a course or programme of study, or change the fees that apply to it. The School will always notify the affected parties as early as practicably possible and propose any viable and relevant alternative options.   Note that the School will neither be liable for information that after publication becomes inaccurate or irrelevant, nor for changing, suspending or withdrawing a course or programme of study due to events outside of its control, which includes but is not limited to a lack of demand for a course or programme of study, industrial action, fire, flood or other environmental or physical damage to premises.  

You must also note that places are limited on some courses and/or subject to specific entry requirements. The School cannot therefore guarantee you a place. Please note that changes to programmes and courses can sometimes occur after you have accepted your offer of a place.   These changes are normally made in light of developments in the discipline or path-breaking research, or on the basis of student feedback. Changes can take the form of altered course content, teaching formats or assessment modes. Any such changes are intended to enhance the student learning experience. You should visit the School’s   Calendar , or contact the relevant academic department, for information on the availability and/or content of courses and programmes of study. Certain substantive changes will be listed on the   updated graduate course and programme information  page. 

Teaching and assessment

Contact hours and independent study.

In half unit courses, on average, you can expect 20-30 contact hours in total. The format of contact hours will vary from course to course but usually takes the form of sessions such as lectures, classes, seminars or workshops. Contact hours vary according to courses and you can view indicative details in the  Calendar  within the Teaching section of each  course guide .

Independent study outside of class time is an essential part of the LSE LLM. The nature of the required independent study varies for each course, but overall, the LLM requires you to manage the majority of your study time yourself, engaging in activities such as reading, note-taking, thinking, class preparation and research. 

Teaching methods

The majority of courses on the programme are offered in seminar format with a maximum class size of 30 students, allowing you to be actively involved in class discussions and to interact both with the teacher and fellow students. You can expect a challenging, but also thought-provoking and ultimately rewarding experience. 

A limited number of courses are offered through larger lectures which are accompanied by back-up seminars, where the teacher will review and elaborate on issues discussed in the lectures. 

Please note that places are limited on all optional courses. Admission onto any particular course is not guaranteed and may be subject to timetabling constraints and/or students meeting specific prerequisite requirements.

Formal study is supported by Convene, a rich programme of events and activities specifically designed for Law students to further enhance the learning experience. LLM students are also encouraged to engage in the many and varied LSE Law School events which run through the academic year, including public lectures and seminars.

LSE is internationally recognised for its teaching and research and therefore employs a rich variety of teaching staff with a range of experience and status. Courses may be taught by individual members of faculty including associate professors and professors. Many departments now also employ guest teachers and visiting members of staff, LSE teaching fellows and graduate teaching assistants who are usually doctoral research students and in the majority of cases, teach on undergraduate courses only. You can view indicative details for the teacher responsible for each course in the relevant  course guide .

All taught courses are required to include formative coursework which allows the teacher to give you feedback but which is unassessed, in the sense that it does not count towards your final grade. Formative coursework is designed to help prepare you for summative assessment which counts towards the course mark and to the degree award. LSE uses a range of types of formative assessment, such as essays, problem sets, case studies, reports, quizzes, mock exams, class presentations and many others. Summative assessment may be conducted during the course or by final examination at the end of the course. An indication of the formative coursework and summative assessment for each course can be found in the relevant  course guide .

The majority of taught LLM courses will be assessed by written two-hour examinations, which will be held during Spring Term in May/June. Summative essays are submitted in May and dissertations in August. To prepare for the exams, you will have access to past exam papers from our library website and you will undertake appropriate formative coursework. 

The compulsory course is assessed via a 10,000-word dissertation on a topic of your choice and will be supervised by one of our faculty members who is an expert in the relevant area. 

Academic support

You will also be assigned an academic mentor who will be available for guidance and advice on academic or personal concerns.

There are many opportunities to extend your learning outside the classroom and complement your academic studies at LSE.  LSE LIFE  is the School’s centre for academic, personal and professional development. Some of the services on offer include: guidance and hands-on practice of the key skills you will need to do well at LSE: effective reading, academic writing and critical thinking; workshops related to how to adapt to new or difficult situations, including development of skills for leadership, study/work/life balance and preparing for the world of work; and advice and practice on working in study groups and on cross-cultural communication and teamwork.

LSE is committed to enabling all students to achieve their full potential and the School’s  Disability and Wellbeing Service  provides a free, confidential service to all LSE students and is a first point of contact for all disabled students.

Student support and resources

We’re here to help and support you throughout your time at LSE, whether you need help with your academic studies, support with your welfare and wellbeing or simply to develop on a personal and professional level.

Whatever your query, big or small, there are a range of people you can speak to who will be happy to help.  

Department librarians   – they will be able to help you navigate the library and maximise its resources during your studies. 

Accommodation service  – they can offer advice on living in halls and offer guidance on private accommodation related queries.

Class teachers and seminar leaders  – they will be able to assist with queries relating to specific courses. 

Disability and Wellbeing Service  – they are experts in long-term health conditions, sensory impairments, mental health and specific learning difficulties. They offer confidential and free services such as  student counselling,  a  peer support scheme and arranging  exam adjustments. They run groups and workshops.  

IT help – support is available 24 hours a day to assist with all your technology queries.   

LSE Faith Centre  – this is home to LSE's diverse religious activities and transformational interfaith leadership programmes, as well as a space for worship, prayer and quiet reflection. It includes Islamic prayer rooms and a main space for worship. It is also a space for wellbeing classes on campus and is open to all students and staff from all faiths and none.   

Language Centre – the Centre specialises in offering language courses targeted to the needs of students and practitioners in the social sciences. We offer pre-course English for Academic Purposes programmes; English language support during your studies; modern language courses in nine languages; proofreading, translation and document authentication; and language learning community activities.

LSE Careers  ­ – with the help of LSE Careers, you can make the most of the opportunities that London has to offer. Whatever your career plans, LSE Careers will work with you, connecting you to opportunities and experiences from internships and volunteering to networking events and employer and alumni insights. 

LSE Library   –   founded in 1896, the British Library of Political and Economic Science is the major international library of the social sciences. It stays open late, has lots of excellent resources and is a great place to study. As an LSE student, you’ll have access to a number of other academic libraries in Greater London and nationwide. 

LSE LIFE  – this is where you should go to develop skills you’ll use as a student and beyond. The centre runs talks and workshops on skills you’ll find useful in the classroom; offers one-to-one sessions with study advisers who can help you with reading, making notes, writing, research and exam revision; and provides drop-in sessions for academic and personal support. (See ‘Teaching and assessment’). 

LSE Students’ Union (LSESU)  – they offer academic, personal and financial advice and funding.  

PhD Academy   – this is available for PhD students, wherever they are, to take part in interdisciplinary events and other professional development activities and access all the services related to their registration. 

Sardinia House Dental Practice   – this   offers discounted private dental services to LSE students.  

St Philips Medical Centre  – based in Pethwick-Lawrence House, the Centre provides NHS Primary Care services to registered patients.

Student Services Centre  – our staff here can answer general queries and can point you in the direction of other LSE services.  

Student advisers   – we have a  Deputy Head of Student Services (Advice and Policy)  and an  Adviser to Women Students  who can help with academic and pastoral matters.

Student life

As a student at LSE you’ll be based at our central London campus. Find out what our campus and London have to offer you on academic, social and career perspective. 

Student societies and activities

Your time at LSE is not just about studying, there are plenty of ways to get involved in  extracurricular activities . From joining one of over 200 societies, or starting your own society, to volunteering for a local charity, or attending a public lecture by a world-leading figure, there is a lot to choose from. 

The campus 

LSE is based on one  campus  in the centre of London. Despite the busy feel of the surrounding area, many of the streets around campus are pedestrianised, meaning the campus feels like a real community. 

Life in London 

London is an exciting, vibrant and colourful city. It's also an academic city, with more than 400,000 university students. Whatever your interests or appetite you will find something to suit your palate and pocket in this truly international capital. Make the most of career opportunities and social activities, theatre, museums, music and more. 

Want to find out more? Read why we think  London is a fantastic student city , find out about  key sights, places and experiences for new Londoners . Don't fear, London doesn't have to be super expensive: hear about  London on a budget . 

Student stories

Bukola oluwa.

LLM Ibadan, Nigeria

LSE is filled with an array of lecturers with sound academic and research backgrounds; you are taught by experts of repute who are consultants to international and multinational bodies. They are names you read in textbooks and journals worldwide. Each day in the class is different; apart from the seminar approach, live practitioners from different areas give you first hand information and practical experience of the field. My classmates are from all over the world – it is a 'mixed grill' of intellectual minds! Active participation of each student gives insight into beliefs from different parts of the world and you do not need to travel there to get information about a country's situation.

Kavisha Sharma

My experience in the LLM has been nothing short of excellent. The academic rigour and intellectual challenge that the LLM necessitates has shown me what I am capable of and inspired me to continue living up to my potential.

Nandini Bajaj

The LSE LLM offered me exactly what I was looking for – a course that expanded my understanding of the challenges facing the world today, friendships with people from around the world, and being in the centre of the action in London. I really learned a lot not just from my professors and the classroom, but also from my peers and their experiences.

LLM Changchun, China

I chose LSE because the LLM programme offered a range of options that suited my needs, and also for its worldwide reputation and teaching staff. Situated on a compact site in the heart of London, LSE has a unique atmosphere. As an international student, eager to get to know London, this position, combined with the diverse students surrounding me, has been the best part of my experience here. I have also benefited from the support services on offer – especially the Language Centre. I took part in pre-sessional English language classes before the programme started, which increased my confidence in my language ability and enabled me to play a greater part in class discussions. I also took advantage of Dissertation Writing and Examination Writing classes during the LLM to improve my written English.

Sofia Bekkali 

LLM Watch Sofia's video

Matias Rodriguez

LLM Watch Matias' video

LLM Watch Lucy's video

The LLM programme provides excellent prospects for graduates seeking to start their career in major commercial centres around the world, with in-house legal departments or government legal services. Some graduates go on to pursue a career at the Bar.

Graduates with a legal qualification from their home jurisdictions and relevant experience may be eligible to join a variety of employers in legal and other sectors such as financial and management consulting, subject to re-qualification and visa requirements within the jurisdiction. Others may continue to progress their careers in national, regional and international law firms, courts or work in a legal capacity within an NGO or multilateral organisation.

The LSE LLM also provides an excellent starting point for those wishing to pursue a PhD and/or a career in academia. Recent employers who have hired graduates from this programme include Clifford Chance, Schoenherr, White & Case, Wolf Theiss, Diageo, Louis Vuitton, Australian Attorney General’s Office, 4 Kings Bench Walk Chambers, PWC and the Human Rights Commission.

Further information on graduate destinations for this programme

Support for your career

Many leading organisations give careers presentations at the School during the year, and LSE Careers has a wide range of resources available to assist students in their job search. Find out more about the  support available to students through LSE Careers .

Find out more about LSE

Discover more about being an LSE student - meet us in a city near you, visit our campus or experience LSE from home. 

Experience LSE from home

Webinars, videos, student blogs and student video diaries will help you gain an insight into what it's like to study at LSE for those that aren't able to make it to our campus.  Experience LSE from home . 

Come on a guided campus tour, attend an undergraduate open day, drop into our office or go on a self-guided tour.  Find out about opportunities to visit LSE . 

LSE visits you

Student Marketing, Recruitment and Study Abroad travels throughout the UK and around the world to meet with prospective students. We visit schools, attend education fairs and also hold Destination LSE events: pre-departure events for offer holders.  Find details on LSE's upcoming visits . 

How to apply

Virtual Graduate Open Day

Register your interest

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Agnihotri, Shree (2024) Arendtian constitutional theory: an examination of active citizenship in democratic constitutional orders. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Misra, Tanmay (2023) The invention of corruption: India and the License Raj. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Nolan, Katherine Anne (2023) The individual in EU data protection law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pinto, Mattia (2022) Human rights as sources of penality. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Girard, Raphaël (2022) Populism, law and the courts: space and time in an age of "constitutional impatience". PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Matabudul, Rachna (2022) Tax treaty dispute resolution: lessons from the law of the sea. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Taggart, John (2022) Examining the role of the intermediary in the criminal justice system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Uberti, Francesca (2022) Vaccine opposition in the information age: a study on online activism and DIY citizenship. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gafni, Ilan (2022) Rethinking the negligence liability of public authorities in English law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Claeys, Irene (2021) The construction of a regulatory risk device: an examination of the historical emergence and performative effects of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s market risk framework. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sonin, Joanne F. (2021) The evolution of the shareholder: legal change, deflection, and constancy. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Damianos, Alexander (2021) Ratifying the Anthropocene: a study of the Anthropocene working group’s ongoing effort to formalize the Anthropocene as a unit of the geologic time scale. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Gupta, Priya S. (2020) Leveraging the city: urban governance in financial capitalism. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Musto, Callum (2020) States’ regulatory powers and the turn to public law in international investment law and arbitration. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ahdash, Fatima (2020) Examining the interaction between family law and counter-terrorism in the UK in recent years. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Common, MacKenzie F. (2020) Rule of law and human rights issues in social media content moderation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Teeder, Wendy Mary (2019) Judicial review and the vanishing trial. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ganguly, Geetanjali (2019) Towards a transnational law of climate change: transnational litigation at the boundaries of science and law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Zlatev, Zlatin Mitkov (2019) Approaches towards the concept of non-pecuniary losses deriving from breach of contract. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Tundawala, Moiz (2018) In the shadow of swaraj: constituent power and the Indian political. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lima Sakr, Rafael (2018) Law and lawyers in the making of regional trade regimes: the rise and fall of legal doctrines on the international trade law and governance of South-North regionalism. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stones, Ryan R. (2018) EU competition law and the rule of law: justification and realisation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pick, Barbara (2018) Empirical analysis of geographical indications in France and Vietnam: opportunities and constraints. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Vitale, David Anthony (2018) Political trust and the enforcement of constitutional social rights. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wu, Aaron (2018) Sustaining international law: history, nature, and the politics of global ordering. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sutton, Rebecca (2018) The international humanitarian actor as 'civilian plus': the circulation of the idea of distinction in international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Larsen, Signe (2018) The European Union as a federation: a constitutional analysis. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Bronsther, Jacob (2018) Long-term incarceration and the moral limits of punishment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Krever, Tor (2018) The ideological origins of piracy in international legal thought. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Way, Sally-Anne (2018) Human rights from the Great Depression to the Great Recession: the United States, economic liberalism and the shaping of economic and social rights in international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Leader, Kathryn (2017) Fifteen stories: litigants in person in the civil justice sytem. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Liberman, Dvora (2017) Custodians of continuity in an era of change: an oral history of the everyday lives of Crown Court clerks between 1972 and 2015. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Keenan, Bernard (2017) Interception: law, media, and techniques. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Živković, Velimir (2017) International investment protection and the national rule of law: a normative framework for a new approach. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Witney, Simon (2017) The corporate governance of private equity-backed companies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhu, Sally Shinan (2017) Law embodied: re-imagining a material legal normativity. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Chauhan, Apurv (2016) Developing a social psychology of poverty: social objects and dialogical representations. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Tschorne Venegas, Samuel (2016) The theoretical turn in British public law scholarship. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wang, Chieh (2016) Sexuality, gender, justice and law: rethinking normative heterosexuality and sexual justice from the perspectives of queer humanist men and masculinities studies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

O’Loughlin, Ailbhe (2016) Balancing rights? Dangerous offenders with severe personality disorders, the public, and the promise of rehabilitation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Burton, Marie (2015) Calling for justice: comparing telephone and face-to-face advice in social welfare legal aid. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Burke, Jarleth (2015) A market and government failure critique of services of general economic interest: testing the centrality and strictness of article 106(2) TFEU. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stern, Orly (2015) The principle of distinction and women in conflicts in Africa. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Chadwick, Anna (2015) Food commodity speculation, hunger, and the global food crisis: whither regulation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Saab, Anne (2015) A legal inquiry into hunger and climate change: climate-ready seeds in the neoliberal food regime. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zaccaria, Elena (2015) Proprietary rights in indirectly held securities: legal risks and future challenges. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Willcox, Susannah (2015) Climate change inundation and Atoll Island States: implications for human rights, self-determination and statehood. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

King, Saskia (2015) Agreements that restrict competition by object under Article 101(1) TFEU: past, present and future. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhang, Zhanwei (2015) Law, state and society in the PRC: a case study of family planning regulations implementation at grassroots level in rural China. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Agnew, Sinéad (2015) What we talk about when we talk about conscience: the meaning and function of conscience in commercial law doctrine. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yoshida, Keina (2015) The cinematic jurisprudence of gender crimes: the ICTY and film. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Knight, Dean (2014) Vigilance and restraint in the common law of judicial review: scope, grounds, intensity, context. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

McGaughey, Ewan (2014) Participation in corporate governance. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Xiao, Yin (2014) Analysing the enforcement dimension of regulatory competition: a cultural institutionalist approach. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Knox, Robert (2014) A Critical Examination of the Concept of Imperialism in Marxist and Third World Approaches to International Law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Meerovitch, Vladimir (2014) Investor protection and equity markets: an evaluation of private enforcement of related party transactions rules in Russia. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pearson, Megan Rebecca (2014) Religious objections to equality laws: reconciling religious freedom with gay rights. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Roznai, Yaniv (2014) Unconstitutional constitutional amendments: a study of the nature and limits of constitutional amendment powers. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

O'Regan, Karla Maureen (2014) Beyond illusion: a juridical genealogy of consent in criminal and medical law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Searl, Mark (2014) A normative theory of international law based on new natural law theory. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Coverdale, Helen (2013) Punishing with care: treating offenders as equal persons in criminal punishment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lamp, Nicolas (2013) Lawmaking in the multilateral trading system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Perrone, Nicolas (2013) The international investment regime and foreign investors' rights: another view of a popular story. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wei Liang Wang, Daniel (2013) Can litigation promote fairness in healthcare? The judicial review of rationing decisions in Brazil and England. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Majinge, Charles Riziki (2013) The United Nations, the African Union and the rule of law in Southern Sudan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gallo, Zelia (2013) The penality of politics, penality in contemporary Italy 1970-2000. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Jacques, Johanna (2013) From nomos to Hegung: war captivity and international order. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Manea, Sabina (2013) Instrumentalising property: an analysis of rights in the EU emissions trading system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yazdani, Shahid (2012) Emergency safeguard; WTO and the feasibility of emergency safeguard measures under the general agreement on trade in services. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lucey, Mary Catherine (2012) The interface between competition law and the restraint of trade doctrine for professionals: understanding the evolution of problems and proposing solutions for courts in England and Wales. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Grušić, Uglješa (2012) The international employment contract: ideal, reality and regulatory function of European private international law of employment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ali, Perveen (2012) States in crisis: sovereignty, humanitarianism, and refugee protection in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq War. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dille, Benjamin B. (2012) Ill fares the land: the legal consequences of land confiscations by the Sandinista government of Nicaragua 1979-1990. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ho, Chih-Hsing (2012) Socio-legal perspectives on biobanking: the case of Taiwan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Viterbo, Hedi (2012) The legal construction of childhood in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

De Witte, Floris (2012) EU law and the question of justice. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Spangler, Timothy (2012) Overcoming the governance challenge in private investment funds through the enrolment of private monitoring solutions. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sasso, Lorenzo (2012) Capital structure and corporate governance: the role of hybrid financial instruments. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Boukli, Paraskevi (2012) Imaginary penalities: reconsidering anti-trafficking discourses and technologies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gandrud, Christopher (2012) Knowing the unknowns: financial policymaking in uncertainty. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Laidlaw, Emily (2012) Internet gatekeepers, human rights and corporate social responsibilities. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Barroso, Luis (2011) The problems and the controls of the new administrative state of the EU. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhu, Chenwei (2011) Authoring collaborative projects: a study of intellectual property and free and open source software (FOSS) licensing schemes from a relational contract perspective. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Nwosu, Udoka (2011) Head of state immunity in international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ronnen, Edite (2011) Mediation in a conflict society: an ethnographic view on mediation processes in Israel. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Meyers, Jeffrey B. (2011) Toward a Negri-inspired theory of c/Constitution: a contemporary Canadian case study. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kotsakis, Andreas (2011) The biological diversity complex: a history of environmental government. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stergiou, Vasiliki (2011) The complex relationship of concentrated ownership structures and corporate governance. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dias Soares, Claudia A. (2011) The design features of environmental taxes. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Calich, Isabel (2011) The impact of globalisation on the position of developing countries in the international tax system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Hood, Benjamin David (2011) What model for regulating employee discipline and grievances most effectively supports the policy objective of partnership at work and enhanced competitiveness? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Li, Guoming (2011) The constitutional relationship between China and Hong Kong: a study of the status of Hong Kong in China’s system of government under the principle of ‘one Country, two systems’. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

John, Mathew (2011) Rethinking the secular state: perspectives on constitutional law in post-colonial India. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Bernal, Paul Alexander (2011) Do deficiencies in data privacy threaten our autonomy and if so, can informational privacy rights meet this threat? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pandya, Abhijit P.G. (2011) Interpretations and coherence of the fair and equitable treatment standard in investment treaty arbitration. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Thiratayakinant, Kraijakr Ley (2010) Multilateral supervision of regional trade agreements: Developing countries' perspectives. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kapotas, Panos (2010) Positive action as a means to achieve full and effective equality in Europe. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Evans, E. Christine (2010) Right to reparations in international law for victims of armed conflict: Convergence of law and practice? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Correia, Miguel G (2010) Taxation of corporate groups under a corporation income tax: An interdisciplinary and comparative tax law analysis. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pappas, Demetra M (2010) The politics of euthanasia and assisted suicide: A comparative case study of emerging criminal law and the criminal trials of Jack 'Dr. Death' Kevorkian. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Brady, Alan David Patrick (2009) A structural, institutionally sensitive model of proportionality and deference under the Human Rights Act 1998. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Franey, Elizabeth Helen (2009) Immunity, individuals and international law: which individuals are immune from the jurisdiction of national courts under international law? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Al-Ramahi, Aseel (2009) Competing rationalities: The evolution of arbitration in commercial disputes in modern Jordan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Upton, John Dominic (2009) Constitutional thought of Joseph de Maistre. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Brilman, Marina C (2009) Georges Canguilhem: Norms and knowledge in the life sciences. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Minto, Indianna Deborah (2009) Incumbent response to telecommunications reform: The cases of Jamaica and Ireland, 1982-2007. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Heathcote, Gina (2009) Justifying force: A feminist analysis of the international law on the use of force. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Xu, Ting (2009) Property rights, governance and socio-economic transformation: the revival of private property and its limits in post-Mao China. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Roberts, Stephanie (2009) The decision making process of appeals against conviction in the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division). PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Andreicheva, Natalia (2009) The role of legal capital rules in creditor protection: Contrasting the demands of western market economies with Ukraine's transitional economy. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mundis, Daryl (2008) The law of naval exclusion zones. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yong, Benjamin (2008) Becoming national: Contextualising the construction of the New Zealand nation-state. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Reynolds, Michael Paul (2008) Caseflow management: A rudimentary referee process, 1919-1970. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mettraux, Guenael (2008) Command responsibility in international law---the boundaries of criminal liability for military commanders and civilian leaders. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Shim, Jaejin (2008) Equality or the right to work? Explanation and justification of anti-discrimination rights in employment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Webb, Charlie Edward James (2008) Property, unjust enrichment and restitution. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kulovesi, Kati (2008) The WTO dispute settlement system and the challenge of environment and legitimacy. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dinniss, Heather Harrison (2008) The status and use of computer network attacks in international humanitarian law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Fasan, Oluseto (2007) Compliance with WTO law in developing countries: A study of South Africa and Nigeria. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Khasawneh, Bisher Hani (2007) An appraisal of the right of return and compensation of Jordanian nationals of Palestinian refugee origin and Jordan's right, under international law, to bring claims relating thereto, on their behalf to and against Israel and to seek compensation as a host state in light of the conclusion of the Jordan-Israel peace treaty of 1994. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Amodu, Tola (2007) The transformation of planning agreements as regulatory instruments in land-use planning in the twentieth century. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Panijpan, Kris (2006) Market dynamics in corporate governance: Lessons from recent developments in English law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Park, Jungwon (2006) Minority rights constraints on a state's power to regulate citizenship under international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kyprianou, Despina (2006) The role of the Cyprus attorney general's office in prosecutions: Rhetoric, ideology and practice. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Killick, Evan (2005) Living apart: separation and sociality amongst the Ashéninka of Peruvian Amazonia. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Menuchin, Shay Nisan (2005) The dilemma of international tax arbitrage: A comparative analysis using the cases of hybrid financial instruments and cross-border leasing. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Le, Net (2004) Refusal to license: Abuse of dominant position and switching costs. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sideri, Katerina (2003) The European Commission and the construction of information society: Regulatory law from a processual perspective. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja Ann Jozef (1998) International environmental law and naval war: The effect of marine safety and pollution conventions during international armed conflict. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mohamed, Mohamed Sameh Ahmed (1997) The role of the International Court of Justice as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Jurgielewicz, Lynne (1994) Global environmental change and international law: prospects for progress in the legal order. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Tsai, Ing-Wen (1983) Unfair trade practices and safeguard actions [A digital copy of Ing-wen Tsai's personal copy of the original thesis presented to the Library in 2019.]. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Douzinas, Constantinos (1983) Constitutional law and freedom of expression: a critique of the Constitution of the public sphere in legal discourse and practice with special reference to 20th century American law and jurisprudence. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lyall, Andrew Bremner (1980) The social origins of property and contract: a study of East Africa before 1918. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Harlow, Carol (1979) Administrative liability: a comparative study of French and English Law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Reynolds, James Isaac (1974) The slum tenant and the common law: a comparative study. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Edwards, Adolph (1968) The development of criminal law in Jamaica up to 1900. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lasok, Dominik (1954) The Polish Constitutions of 1947 and 1952: a historical study in constitutional law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Law MPhil/PhD

London, Bloomsbury

UCL Laws has one of the most selective MPhil/PhD programmes in the UK, and produces graduates of internationally recognised quality. Ranked the top UK Law institution for research quality in the most recent Research Excellence Framework (2021), UCL Laws attracts leading figures in the field to our extensive programme of events, informing debate on critical legal issues.

UK tuition fees (2024/25)

Overseas tuition fees (2024/25), programme starts, applications accepted.

Applications closed

• Entry requirements

A minimum of a good upper second-class UK Bachelor's degree in an appropriate subject, or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard. We have a strong preference for a recognised LLM or equivalent Master's degree and would normally expect a distinction overall, with evidence of first-class ability (or equivalent) in extended written work/dissertation.

The English language level for this programme is: Level 3 Further details are available on the Faculty of Laws website .

UCL Pre-Master's and Pre-sessional English courses are for international students who are aiming to study for a postgraduate degree at UCL. The courses will develop your academic English and academic skills required to succeed at postgraduate level.

Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.

Equivalent qualifications

Country-specific information, including details of when UCL representatives are visiting your part of the world, can be obtained from the International Students website .

International applicants can find out the equivalent qualification for their country by selecting from the list below. Please note that the equivalency will correspond to the broad UK degree classification stated on this page (e.g. upper second-class). Where a specific overall percentage is required in the UK qualification, the international equivalency will be higher than that stated below. Please contact Graduate Admissions should you require further advice.

About this degree

UCL Laws has a strong international and multidisciplinary research environment, focused around all sixteen of our research centres, institutes and groups. Bringing together outstanding researchers from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds and jurisdictions, our research centres and institutes nurture individual research, but also actively encourage and support collaboration and partnerships that expand cross-disciplinary research.

Who this course is for

This programme provides specialist training on research methods in law. Specialised research centres ensure that the doctoral study experience is collaborative, while UCL Faculty of Laws provides opportunities and support for doctoral students to achieve real impact with their research.

What this course will give you

UCL Laws has been one of the leading centres of legal education in the world for almost 200 years. Rated as being Number 1 for research quality in the UK compared with all other Law Schools in the country by the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF 2021), UCL Laws' community of intellectually dynamic scholars responds to today's global challenges. Through our research, we help to shape government policy, national and international law and practice.

Combining a strong theoretical foundation in the law with world-leading expertise in empirical legal studies and interdisciplinary research, UCL Laws offers an outstanding educational experience to our doctoral students, with special work-in-progress workshops, dedicated conferences, and teaching experience.

All students benefit from a year-long research methodology seminar series in their first year and will join a vibrant and active MPhil/PhD student community which, for example, runs its own weekly seminar series in term time.

The foundation of your career

A graduate from the UCL Laws PhD programme will have developed advanced skills in legal research, analysis and writing, public presentations and in almost all cases teaching at university level. Our graduates are well placed to pursue careers in the global academic world, but the research, analytical and writing skills obtained during the PhD also transfer easily to high level work in government, non-governmental organisations and the commercial sector.

Employability

Our PhD graduates have entered a wide range of careers including top academic positions in the UK and overseas, international organisations, private sector, NGOs and government. 'The international reputation and expertise of the Faculty is well known and is what first attracted me to UCL. I found the faculty to be a vibrant academic community in which to undertake research, with invaluable support to develop personal research skills, pursue cross-disciplinary research and to engage in empirical activities. After my doctoral studies I was delighted to join the faculty as a Lecturer. The community of support at UCL Faculty of Laws undoubtedly enhanced my research and enabled me to pursue avenues that may not otherwise have been possible'. Dr Anna Donovan Lecturer, UCL Laws

The Faculty has a longstanding reputation for high-quality legal research with real world impact. We have long-established links with the judiciary, the legal, public and private sector. This is reflected in the outstanding quality of our extensive annual programme of seminars, lectures, debates and conferences on a wide variety of critical legal issues. Through this programme our PhD students have the opportunity to engage personally with leading members of the judiciary, legal profession, commercial and financial sectors, government, NGOs and leading international academics.

Teaching and learning

A PhD from UCL Laws is essentially an independent piece of substantial work, making an addition to current knowledge, but you will receive support in various ways this endeavour.  Firstly, through expert supervision, which will include regular meetings, feedback on your progress and your written work, and advice on your development as a researcher.  You will also undertake research skills training in the Faculty of Laws, through which a supportive environment among the PhD cohort and your fellow research students is fostered.  There will the opportunity to engage with the wider UCL community in training bespoke to your research and career aims too.  Dissemination of your work, and building networks in your field of research, will be actively supported and encouraged by the Facult y . There is financial support available to engage with the wider academic community, to present your work to and receive feedback from scholars and academic events, such as conferences, nationally and internationally.

The PhD programme is examined by a thesis of up to 100,000 words, which should demonstrate your capacity to pursue original research based upon a good understanding of the research techniques and concepts appropriate to the discipline.

Full-time students can expect to meet their PhD supervisors at least once a month for progress meetings throughout their PhD (once every two months for part-time students). In year 1 of the PhD, there will be fortnightly research skills seminars. There will be research skills seminars in years 2 and 3 (for full-time students, years 2-5 for part-time students) too, but these will be less frequent. The majority of the PhD will be spent on independent research.

Research areas and structure

• Antitrust, Regulation and Competition Law
• Comparative and Foreign Law
• Contract, Restitution and Tort
• Corporate, Finance and Insolvency
• Criminal Justice
• Empirical Legal Studies
• Environmental Law
• European Law
• Family Law and Bioethics
• Human Rights, Employment and Equality Law
• Intellectual Property
• International Business, Insurance and Trade
• International Commercial Law
• Judicial Studies
• Jurisprudence and Legal Theory
• Law and Economics
• Law and Ethics
• Law and Religion
• Law of the Sea
• Legal Education
• Legal History and Roman History
• Litigation and Dispute Resolution
• Medical Law
• Property and Trusts
• Public, Admin and Constitutional
• Public International Law

Research environment

UCL Laws is a world-leading community of intellectually dynamic scholars responding to today’s challenges. The Faculty was rated as the leading Law institution in the UK for research quality in the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF). As a Laws MPhil/PhD student, you will have the opportunity to learn from, and contribute to, this research culture.

The Faculty attracts the leading figures in the field to our extensive programme of events, informing debate on critical legal issues. Events we have held in the past include a series of seminars from the former President of the European Court of Human Rights and Judge of the General Court of the European Union. Our events reflect the diversity of teaching and research at UCL Laws, and our programme of lively seminars, lectures, debates and conferences cover a wide variety of engaging legal topics. Many events are CPD accredited by the Solicitors Regulation Authority, the Bar Standards Board and Intellectual Property regulation board (IP Reg).

A PhD at UCL Laws will allow you to pursue original research and make a distinct and significant contribution to your field. We are committed to the quality and relevance of the research supervision we offer and as an MPhil/PhD candidate; you could work with academics at the cutting edge of legal scholarship. Furthermore as a research student, you will be an integral part of our collaborative and thriving research community. Student-run ‘work in progress’ forums and an end-of-first-year PhD workshop will give you the opportunity to present and discuss your research with peers and academic colleagues. Tailored skills seminars will provide you with a supportive research environment and the critical skills necessary to undertake your research. To foster your academic development we also offer additional faculty funds, which can assist you with the costs of conferences and other research activities.

The length of registration for the research degree programmes is 3 years for full-time students.

You are required to register initially for the MPhil degree with the expectation of transfer to PhD after successful completion of an upgrade viva 9- 18 months after initial registration.

In your first year, you will be required to take part in a mandatory Skills Seminar Programme. Within three months of joining the programme, you are expected to agree with your supervisor the basic structure of your research project, an appropriate research method and a realistic plan of work. You will produce and submit a detailed outline of your proposed research to your supervisor for their comments and feedback. We hold a PhD workshop at the end of your first year, which provides you with an opportunity to present your research before an audience of UCL Laws Academic staff and fellow PhD students.

In your second year you will be expected to upgrade from an MPhil to a PhD. To successfully upgrade to a PhD you are required to submit a piece of writing (this is usually based on one chapter from your thesis and a chapter plan for the remainder). You are also required  to present and answer questions about this work to a panel consisting of your subsidiary supervisor and another member of the faculty who acts as an independent assessor.

The PhD programme is expected to be completed within three years for full-time students.. If you are not ready to submit at the end of the third year, you may be permitted a further year to complete the PhD in the 'Completing Research Status' phase of the programme.

The length of registration for the research degree programmes is 5 years for part-time students. You are required to register initially for the MPhil degree with the expectation of transfer to PhD after successful completion of an upgrade viva 15- 30 months after initial registration. In your first two years, you will be required to take part in a mandatory Skills Seminar Programme. Within six months of joining the programme, you are expected to agree with your supervisor the basic structure of your research project, an appropriate research method and a realistic plan of work. You will produce and submit a detailed outline of your proposed research to your supervisor for their comments and feedback. We hold a PhD workshop at the end of your first year, which provides you with an opportunity to present your research before an audience of UCL Laws Academic staff and fellow PhD students. In your second or third year you will be expected to upgrade from an MPhil to a PhD. To successfully upgrade to a PhD you are required to submit a piece of writing (this is usually based on one chapter from your thesis and a chapter plan for the remainder). You are also required  to present and answer questions about this work to a panel consisting of your subsidiary supervisor and another member of the faculty who acts as an independent assessor. The PhD programme is expected to be completed within five years for part-time students. If you are not ready to submit at the end of the fifth year, you may be permitted a further two years to complete the PhD in the 'Completing Research Status' phase of the programme.

Accessibility

Details of the accessibility of UCL buildings can be obtained from AccessAble accessable.co.uk . Further information can also be obtained from the UCL Student Support and Wellbeing team .

Fees and funding

Fees for this course.

The tuition fees shown are for the year indicated above. Fees for subsequent years may increase or otherwise vary. Where the programme is offered on a flexible/modular basis, fees are charged pro-rata to the appropriate full-time Master's fee taken in an academic session. Further information on fee status, fee increases and the fee schedule can be viewed on the UCL Students website: ucl.ac.uk/students/fees .

Additional costs

There are no programme-specific additional costs.

For more information on additional costs for prospective students please go to our estimated cost of essential expenditure at Accommodation and living costs .

Funding your studies

There are a number of different scholarships available to fund your PhD. All are awarded on the basis of academic excellence and are competitive.

Full information about funding may be found on our website - www.ucl.ac.uk/laws/study/mphilphd/applying scholarships page. The Faculty also provides financial support to current students in the form of an annual Research Allowance, and there is a PhD Research Impact and Innovation Fund (PRIF) that students may apply to for funding for exceptional items such as delivering a paper at an international conference.

For a comprehensive list of the funding opportunities available at UCL, including funding relevant to your nationality, please visit the Scholarships and Funding website .

UCL Research Opportunity Scholarship (ROS)

Deadline: 12 January 2024 Value: UK rate fees, a maintenance stipend, conference costs and professional development package (3 years) Criteria Based on both academic merit and financial need Eligibility: UK

Detailed information on the application process may be found on the Faculty of Laws website .

Please note that you may submit applications for a maximum of two graduate programmes (or one application for the Law LLM) in any application cycle.

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[email protected]

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Providers of postgraduate courses in law

Changes to Solicitor Qualifications in England And Wales

You may be aware that the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) is introducing a new method of assessment for qualifying as a solicitor in England and Wales. Read more about this important change on  LSE's Law site . A list of Frequently Asked Questions can also be found on the  SRA website .

You will need to make a decision about where to study for your postgraduate courses. The Solicitors' Regulation Authority has information on the conversion course (GDL) and the LPC. It lists the providers of the courses and also publishes the reports and gradings made by the Law Society on the LPC providers, see  becoming a solicitor .

Bar Standards Board  pages list the core content of the BPTC course and a table of all BPTC course providers.

If you can, visit the providers on Open Days which will be listed on their homepages and on the Diary pages at  LawCareers.net . Some of them will also be present at the LSE Law Fair and may be giving talks at LSE Careers (see  LSE CareerHub ). Consider:

• How the course is delivered i.e. mainly online, lectures or seminars
• Flexibility of delivery eg. part-time, full-time, weekends, evenings, distance learning, 7 months compressed course
• Range of electives available
• Student support available e.g. how often can you have careers appointments?
• Employer activity on campus 
• Range of extracurricular activities on offer
• Do they provide scholarships
• Ask how many of their students get training contracts/pupillages

Some of the law firms have entered into agreements with course providers to run courses specifically tailored to their needs. If these firms fund your course then they are likely to decide where you study, for example:

• BPP :  GDL/LPC

*Shortlisted applicants for the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) at Kaplan Law School will be required to attend a BPTC selection day.

LLM Study  has links to LLM providers worldwide, advice and a blog and forum. 

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• Schools & departments

Awards: PhD

Study modes: Full-time, Part-time

Funding opportunities

Programme website: Law

Upcoming Introduction to Postgraduate Study and Research events

Join us online on the 19th June or 26th June to learn more about studying and researching at Edinburgh.

Choose your event and register

Research profile

The Edinburgh Law School is a vibrant, collegial and enriching community of legal, sociolegal and criminology researchers and offers an excellent setting for doctoral research.

Edinburgh Law School is ranked 3rd in the UK for law for the quality and breadth of our research by Research Professional, based on the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF2021).

Our doctoral researchers are key to the School’s research activities, and we work hard to ensure that they are fully engaged with staff and projects across all of our legal disciplines.

You will find opportunities in the following fields:

• company and commercial law
• comparative law
• constitutional and administrative law
• criminal law
• criminology and criminal justice
• environmental law
• European law, policy and institutions
• European private law
• evidence and procedure
• gender and sexuality
• human rights law
• information technology law
• intellectual property law
• international law
• legal theory
• medical law and ethics
• obligations
• contract delict
• unjustified enrichment
• property, trusts and successions
• Roman law and legal history
• socio-legal studies

Training and support

Doctoral researchers enjoy full access to the University’s research skills training which the Law School complements with a tailored research and wider skills programme.

The training programme in Year One (six seminars) includes workshops on research design, writing and research ethics.

The focus of the training programme in Year Two and Three is on supporting the dissemination of work with opportunities to present work.

Opportunities are also available for research exchanges through the League of European Research (LERU) network, as well as an annual research training exchange programme with KU Leuven.

• Find out more about the training and support available

Doctoral researchers are able to draw upon a fantastic range of resources and facilities to support their research.

The Law School has one of the most significant academic law libraries in the UK which offers outstanding digital resources alongside a world-leading print collection (almost 60,000 items including a unique collection for Scots law research).

You will also have access to the University’s Main Library which has one of the largest and most important collections in Britain, as well as the legal collection of the National Library of Scotland.

Career opportunities

Upon completion of the PhD, the majority of our students progress to postdoctoral research or lecturing and teaching roles.

Recent graduates have also found employment in roles as diverse as prison governor, solicitor and policy adviser for organisations including:

• the International Criminal Court
• Anderson Strathern
• HM Prison Service

Our PhD programme

Edinburgh Law School can offer expert supervision across an exceptional range of subject areas for PhD study.

A PhD at Edinburgh Law School involves undertaking independent research, culminating in the submission of a thesis of up to 100,000 words, which should be an original piece of work that makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the field of study and contains material worthy of publication.

As a doctoral student, you will join a diverse community of around 100 postgraduate researchers and will become an integral part of the intellectual life of the School.

• Find our more about studying for a PhD at Edinburgh Law School

Studying for a PhD video

Entry requirements.

These entry requirements are for the 2024/25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. Entry requirements for the 2025/26 academic year will be published on 1 Oct 2024.

• PhD Law: a UK 2:1 honours degree in law, arts or social sciences, and a UK Masters degree with at least 60% in the taught section and 65% or more in the dissertation, or their international equivalents.

The majority of our applicants have studied law, but we are a comprehensive Law School covering a range of approaches to legal topics including social science, historical and philosophical enquiry; applications from non-law students with relevant studies and experience will be considered and if you require further guidance please contact us.

Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study

International qualifications

Check whether your international qualifications meet our general entry requirements:

• Entry requirements by country
• English language requirements

Regardless of your nationality or country of residence, you must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

• IELTS Academic: total 7.0 with at least 7.0 in writing and 6.5 in all other components. We do not accept IELTS One Skill Retake to meet our English language requirements.
• TOEFL-iBT (including Home Edition): total 100 with at least 25 in writing and 23 in all other components.
• C1 Advanced ( CAE ) / C2 Proficiency ( CPE ): total 185 with at least 185 in writing and 176 in all other components.
• Trinity ISE : ISE III with passes in all four components.
• PTE Academic: total 70 with at least 70 in writing and 62 in all other components.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries (non-MESC).

• Approved universities in non-MESC

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old* at the beginning of your programme of study. (*Revised 05 March 2024 to extend degree validity to five years.)

Find out more about our language requirements:

Fees and costs

Scholarships and funding, featured funding.

• School of Law funding opportunities
• Research scholarships for international students
• Principal's Career Development PhD Scholarships

UK government postgraduate loans

If you live in the UK, you may be able to apply for a postgraduate loan from one of the UK’s governments.

The type and amount of financial support you are eligible for will depend on:

• your programme
• the duration of your studies
• your tuition fee status

Programmes studied on a part-time intermittent basis are not eligible.

• UK government and other external funding

Other funding opportunities

Search for scholarships and funding opportunities:

• Search for funding

Further information

• Postgraduate Research Office
• Phone: +44 (0)131 650 2022
• Contact: [email protected]
• School of Law (Postgraduate Research Office)
• Old College
• South Bridge
• Central Campus
• Programme: Law
• School: Law
• College: Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences

Select your programme and preferred start date to begin your application.

PhD Law - 3 Years (Full-time)

Phd law - 6 years (part-time), application deadlines.

We encourage you to apply at least one month prior to entry so that we have enough time to process your application. If you are also applying for funding or will require a visa then we strongly recommend you apply as early as possible.

• How to apply

You must submit two references with your application.

Find out more about the general application process for postgraduate programmes:

How to Choose a Civil Rights Law School

Experienced civil rights faculty, clinics and alumni may be signs of a law school that can prepare you to be a civil rights lawyer.

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As you're weighing your law school options, check whether schools have courses and legal clinics that focus on civil rights, constitutional law, human rights or public interest law.

Choosing a good civil rights law program is critical for students who want to advocate for justice, equality and societal change. And aspiring civil rights lawyers should look for certain criteria to find the right law school to support their career goals, experts say.

“I would identify law schools that highlight a specific commitment to social justice. This work is rooted in the pursuit of justice and protecting and safeguarding civil rights,” says Matt Etter, assistant dean for the Center for Professional Development at Seattle University School of Law in Washington.

The U.S. Congress passed the 1964 Civil Rights Act to ban segregation and discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Civil rights attorneys typically take on cases involving some type of discrimination against an individual or community and work to protect their constitutional rights. These cases often involve freedom of speech, police misconduct, voting rights, disability rights, prisoners' rights, educational rights, employment rights and immigration rights.

Here are some law schools with a special emphasis on civil rights law:

• Seattle University School of Law
• Vanderbilt University Law School in Tennessee
• The Law Center at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
• Northeastern University School of Law in Massachusetts
• Stanford University Law School in California
• CUNY School of Law in New York
• Northwestern School of Law at Lewis & Clark College in Oregon
• Howard University School of Law in D.C.
• University of California, Berkeley School of Law
• University of Maryland Carey School of Law
• Loyola University Chicago School of Law in Illinois
• Columbia University Law School in New York
• University of Notre Dame Law School in Indiana
• Loyola Marymount University Law School in California
• University of Connecticut School of Law

When researching law schools, it’s most important to determine whether a law school “has strong faculty, clinical programs for students, public interest scholarships, postgraduate grants and connections to the civil rights community," says Sean Andrade, founder and managing partner of California-based Andrade Gonzalez LLP and a civil rights advocate.

For students interested in pursuing civil rights law, here’s how to choose a good civil rights law program to ensure your education leads to real impact.

Check the Curriculum and Clinics

Students should look for schools that have courses and legal clinics that focus on civil rights, constitutional law, human rights or public interest law, experts say.

“For someone who is interested in civil rights and constitutional law, the good news is that these courses are covered at every law school,” says Anne Levine, founder of Law School Expert, a law school admissions consulting business.

Many schools have legal clinics that allow students to work on actual cases under attorney supervision and often offer free legal services to the community. Students should search for schools with clinics related to civil rights or social justice.

“Ask about a school’s clinical course offerings," Etter says. "Some schools may host student clinics that are specifically focused on civil rights work, or in subject matter areas that intersect with civil rights issues, such as housing law.”

In addition, since many civil rights attorneys will pursue justice in the courtroom, Etter says students should make sure a school has a robust trial advocacy program. Such programs allow students to hone litigation skills – such as practicing opening statements and cross-examinations – through simulated trials.

Examine Faculty and Staff Expertise

Researching faculty expertise is also important, since potential mentoring opportunities could benefit aspiring civil rights attorneys.

“Research a school’s faculty to identify any professors with civil rights law backgrounds or who are conducting research into civil rights issues and constitutional law matters," Etter says. "A research position with such a faculty member would be helpful in gaining a deeper understanding into the nuance of such work and issues.”

To differentiate between schools, Levine says students should “research the faculty who teach these topics and determine whether their areas of specialization coincide with the aspects of law that most interest them, and to see whether their values and approach are aligned.”

In addition, it may be worth looking into whether a school has advisers in its career services office who primarily work with students interested in public interest or social justice-focused career paths.

“These advisers are likely to have strong relationships with organizations and practitioners working in the civil rights space,” Etter says.

Search Student Organizations

Active student organizations can provide workshops, guest speakers and abundant networking opportunities for students.

“Do they have both an ACLU chapter and a Federalist Society? Depending on your motivations for pursuing civil rights, this would be important to consider,” Levine says.

For example, the Loyola Marymount University law school has both the American Civil Liberties Union and Federalist Society among more than 50 student groups.

Etter says strong student organizations, like various mock trial teams, can also be important. For example, Emory University School of Law in Georgia has a Mock Trial Society that helps students “foster and develop practical litigation skills through participation in workshops and competitions,” according to the school website.

Look for Strong Alumni in Civil Rights Law

Students should also look at the strength of a school’s alumni, experts say. This can include more historical alumni like former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, who graduated from Howard's law school and in 1954 fought to desegregate public schools in the landmark Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education.

“Inquire about a law school’s alumni who are working in areas of law covering civil rights matters and issues,” Etter says.

Apart from offering insight into the field, alumni can provide students with mentorship and strong networking opportunities.

“Mentorship is key in developing a path to one’s ultimate career goal, and having a robust alumni population to meet with and gain support from will help a student create a strategy to gain the requisite knowledge and experience necessary in civil rights work,” Etter says.

Evaluate Internship and Externship Opportunities

Law school alumni can also provide experiential opportunities , like internships and externships in the field, Etter says. Students should look for schools that have connections to externship and internship opportunities with organizations focusing on civil rights or social justice.

“A school with a robust externship program will help students gain practical and hands-on experience at organizations that are doing civil rights work,” Etter says.

Internships and externships can build your resume, which is important for employment opportunities in this competitive field, say experts. Plus they can help students narrow their interests and focus on the specific areas within civil rights law that they are most passionate about pursuing.

Andrade says students interested in doing civil rights work should know that “there is such a need that opportunities are everywhere.” New groups and funding arise all the time, he adds.

“Although the field is very competitive ... it can be very rewarding once you get in.”

Tips to Boost a Law School Application

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Beata Polok

Zubair abbasi, may 22nd, 2024, women’s rights and the new personal status law in saudi arabia.

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Estimated reading time: 5 minutes

Two years ago the new Personal Status Law was codified, introducing default guidelines for marriage, divorce, and child custody in Saudi Arabia, and changing the relationship between law and Sharia councils. Beata Polok and Zubair Abbasi explain the implications of the law. 

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has embarked on a transformative journey. Through its Vision 2030 , it seeks to reduce reliance on oil by fostering economic diversification.

Crucially, however, this reform agenda also prioritises the inclusion and empowerment of women within Saudi society, seeking to increase women’s participation in public life. Consequently, a wave of legislation has emerged specifically designed to advance the role of women in the workforce, exemplified by the new Personal Status Law (PSL).

The PSL came into effect on 18th June 2022, aiming to modernise the legal framework governing family life by codifying legal principles that were previously subject to the discretion of the judges of Sharia courts who adjudicated on case-by-case basis. The codification of family laws is a welcome development to minimise legal uncertainty and ambiguity .

This short article provides a brief overview of the PSL, highlights its positive features that improve women’s rights, and contexualises it within the broad developments in the legal system of Saudi Arabia.

Why does codification matter for women’s rights?

Globally, the codification of women’s rights law plays a crucial role in advancing and empowering women and it is often viewed as the most effective means of state intervention in addressing women’s rights within the family. As the cases of the Ottoman Law of Family Rights (1917) and the Personal Status Codes in Morocco and Tunisia in the 1950s demonstrate, historically the codification of family laws in many Muslim-majority countries has coincided with legal reform. Therefore, in countries where Muslim personal law is not codified, advocates for women’s rights push for the adoption of a legal code.

In their reports published prior to the 2022 enactment of the PSL in Saudi Arabia, human rights organisations such as Musawah and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) highlighted that the use of uncodified family law has constituted a barrier to gender equality in the Kingdom, where family matters are “addressed on a case-by-case basis” through judicial rulings, allowing the judge’s discretion in interpreting and applying Islamic principles. It was in this context that when the Saudi Cabinet approved the PSL on International Women’s Days, Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman described this legal reform as ‘a qualitative leap in the government’s efforts in protecting human rights, consolidating family’s stability, enhancing women’s empowerment and promoting rights.’

What is new in the Personal Status Law?

The PSL includes rules regarding marriage, divorce, child custody, alimony, gifts, wills, and inheritance. While most of these rules simply codify the traditional Islamic law, the PSL also introduces some important reforms. It sets the marriage age at 18 years and authorises courts to allow the marriage of legal minor if they are deemed mature enough to give consent (see Article 9). Similarly, the PSL takes a step forward in recognising women’s autonomy in marriage by limiting the traditional role of a guardian. It does so by empowering judges to allow a female to marry a person of her choice if the guardian’s objection is “unreasonable” (Article 20). The PSL advances women’s rights within the institution of marriage by outlawing the infamous practice of instant divorce, or triple talaq (Article 83) and expanding women’s right to dissolve their marriage based through a judicially supervised process of reconciliation (Articles 109-111). To further strengthen the position of married women, the PSL obliges the husband to financially maintain their wives even when the wives are financially well off (Article 44). It also minimises the financial cost imposed on women seeking divorce ( khula’ ) by limiting the compensation payable by the wife to the husband (Art 101).

According to the media reports, a decade ago it was nearly impossible for mothers to regain custody of their children after they reached the age of seven.  Under the PSL, a mother’s right to the custody of children goes beyond the ones provided under traditional Islamic law. It provides the mother with custody rights over their children until they reach 15 years of age. Additionally, children now have the option to remain under their mother’s custody until they turn 18, if they choose to do so (Article 135). The PSL grants the non-custodial parent the right to visit, consult, and accompany the child in custody, subject to mutual agreement. Where mutual agreement is not reached, the court now intervenes and determines appropriate arrangements. Crucially, these provisions provide greater agency to mothers and recognise the importance of their role as carers. This shift towards granting mothers the right to retain custody of their children beyond the age of seven represents a significant change and a notable step towards empowering women.

The PSL also protects the rights of mothers and children by ensuring that a DNA test of a child can only be conducted if the mother gives her consent. And, it reforms the period within which a husband can renounce the paternity of a child, from 40 days to 15 days after the birth. Simultaneously, the PSL allows the mother and the child to establish paternity through the DNA evidence without the consent of the husband/father (Articles 73-75).

One step forward

While the codification of the PSL is a step forward in the process of modernising family law within the Saudi legal system, it has not fulfilled many of the demands of women’s rights activists. Indeed, international human rights organisations have criticised the PSL’s apparent preservation of elements of the male guardianship system . These critics point to provisions that condition women’s rights to guardian consent, and their adherence to traditional roles and obedience to their husbands. They also signal that the PSL leaves a loophole for child marriages by allowing legal minors, aged 17 or less, to marry if they are considered sufficiently mature to give consent (Article 9). It is worth noting here that similar provisions can also be found in the family laws in several European countries such as Poland, Austria and, until its amendment last year, in England.

Nevertheless, despite the disapproval of human rights organisations, there is a growing sense of optimism among Saudis and the global community that the PSL is a positive step forward for a number of reasons. First, it advances women’s and children’s’ rights within the institution of marriage. Second, it fulfils the demand of human rights organisations to curtail the discretion of judges through a systematic code that has an overriding effect over uncodified rules and principles. In this way, the PSL ensures that the outcomes of legal disputes are more consistent and predictable. Third, it makes the law easily-accessible to the public in Saudi Arabia and abroad and thus paves the way for further discussion and reform. Finally, the actual potential of the PSL can only be realised when viewed in the context of the wider legal reforms undertaken within the Kingdom over the past several years. These include measures that increase women’s mobility by revoking the ban on women’s driving , and encourage their workforce participation through anti-harassment laws . The PSL therefore represents a step towards the betterment of women’s rights within the growing changing society of Saudi Arabia.

Photo by Lalezarfa

About the author

Beata Polok, PhD (University of Silesia) is a Research Fellow at Haqaiq Centre for Legal Studies at Prince Sultan University Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and a Visiting Fellow at Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. She also works as an Assitan Professor in the Law Department at Dar Al- Hekma University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Dr Muhammad Zubair Abbasi, DPhil (Oxon) is an academic lawyer with expertise in family law, Islamic law and jurisprudence, and comparative law. His recent publications include Democracy under God: Constitutions, Islam and Human Rights in the Muslim World (Cambridge University Press 2023) and Family Laws in Pakistan (Oxford University Press 2018, 2nd edn 2024).

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Bridgit Mendler Officially Graduates Harvard Law School and Her Future's Bright

Former disney channel star bridgit mendler is one step closer to becoming a lawyer following her 2024 graduation from harvard law school. what, like it's hard.

As Harvard Law School graduate Elle Woods famously said, "We did it!"

And in the case of  Bridgit Mendler , she did it and so much more: The  Good Luck Charlie  alum has officially graduated with her law degree from Harvard.

In a video  shared to social media May 23 , the 31-year-old could be seen walking across the stage to collect her diploma and shake hands with the Harvard faculty. But Bridgit wasn't up there alone, as she was joined by her 4-year-old son—who she adopted in 2022—with the duo pausing to pose for a quick photo before walking off stage.

The "Ready or Not" singer  surprised fans earlier this year  when she revealed she'd not only adopted her son, but that she'd also said goodbye to Hollywood, instead launching her own tech startup with husband  Griffin Cleverly . And proving she can do it all, Bridgit shared she simultaneously was on her way to getting both a law degree from Harvard and a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

However,  she later had to press pause on the PhD . 

"The PhD is something I started working towards in 2020," she explained in a March post on  X , "and I pursued it jointly with my law degree but when I moved to California last summer and decided that for family reasons we would stay on the west coast, it had to go on pause." 

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The Disney Channel alum explained that completing her degree is now "up to the administration and my principal investigator and what they think is appropriate."

But Bridgit understands that, as a parent, sometimes difficult decisions need to be made in order to maintain a work/life balance.

"I enjoy pushing the boundary of the possible and saying yes to more things," she continued, "but also it is important to flex the muscle of prioritization and discernment. For myself I've found that learning when to say no or not right now can be more of a skill than saying yes."

As for her other venture, Bridgit is currently serving as the CEO of Northwood Space, while Griffin—who she married in 2019—acts as CTO. The startup aims to build ground satellite stations to help send and receive data from space, acting as a "data highway" between the two.

"Space is getting easier along so many different dimensions," she told  CNBC  in February about her company's goals, "but still the actual exercise of sending data to and from space is difficult."

Bridgit wasn't the only star to celebrate a graduation in 2024. Keep reading to see who else collected a diploma this year.

Jennifer Gates

Jennifer Gates , the eldest daughter of Bill Gates and ex-wife Melinda French Gates , graduated from Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.

Following her special day, the Microsoft founder shared a touching message to celebrate her achievement. 

"From pre-K to MD," Bill wrote in a May 15 Instagram post . "I'm so proud to officially call you Dr. Gates."

Ivey Watson

Jamie Lynn Spears ' youngest daughter Ivey Watson , who she shares with husband Jamie Watson , graduated from kindergarten. The little one proudly held her diploma in front of her older sister Maddie Watson , who Jamie Lynn shares with ex Casey Aldridge .

Karma Bridges

Ludacris ' daughter graduated from Spelman College with a degree in Documentary Filmmaking in May 2024, according to Essence . The singer said he was a " #prouddaddy " over her achievement. 

“I want to make movie and film content that helps shape and change the social and political landscape,” Karma said in a statement to the Ludacris Foundation. “Tell stories that are meaningful and thought provoking. I’ve always been drawn to storytelling due to its ability to heal, inspire, educate, create empathy, and ultimately catalyze positive change in the world.”

Massai Zhivago Dorsey II

Nia Long and Massai Z. Dorsey 's oldest son received his degree from New York University.

"Oh my baby," the Fresh Prince of Bel-Air actress wrote on Instagram May 20. "I’m so proud of you! Let’s get it!"

Jace Caussin

Jana Kramer 's son Jace—who she shares with ex Mike Caussin —said goodbye to Pre-K and celebrated the milestone at a mini prom.

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Navy veteran, mother of 3, to graduate from duquesne's law school.

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After a career in the military and raising three children, a local woman is about to earn a new title: law school graduate.

For Alysa Ambrose, the journey was fueled by hard work, long nights and determination. On Saturday, she will receive her degree from the Thomas R. Kline School of Law at Duquesne University.

Ambrose served as the Navy's first female commander of the USS Gravely. In 2020, after a 25-year career, the Hampton Township native retired from the service.

She moved back to the Pittsburgh area and focused on fulfilling her childhood dream of becoming a lawyer.

“The added challenge for me,” Ambrose said, “is the kids come home from school, and they need to be fed, and they need help with their homework, and some of them need help with bed and bath time routines. So, I don’t really get to start my homework until 9 or 10 at night. My sweet spot for homework is the 10 (p.m.) to 2 (a.m.) range. So, not a lot of sleep. But I think the Navy trained me for that.”

During the pandemic, Ambrose home-schooled her children, one of whom has special needs. When the lockdown was lifted, and the kids went back to school, she applied to and was accepted into the Kline School of Law.

“My message to anybody would be that you should live your dreams. You should go for it. It doesn’t matter how old you are or what else you’ve done in the meantime. If it’s something you want to do, you should go for it, and you find a way to make it happen," Ambrose said.

After graduation, Ambrose will take the bar exam and begin her law career serving as a clerk for federal Judge Joy Flowers Conti, a fellow Duquesne law graduate and the senior judge of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania.

Graduate profiles

Meet the class of 2024, harvard college.

Meet more Harvard College graduates

Isabella Madrigal

Isabella’s senior thesis screenplay, a genre-bending family drama full of magical realism, centers the issues of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls, and two-spirit people.

Read more about Isabella

Dora Woodruff

Dora will next pursue a Ph.D. at MIT in algebraic combinatorics, a branch of mathematics that applies methods found in abstract algebra to discrete counting problems.

Aaron Shirley

Aaron dove into the world of medieval medicine with his thesis, “Holiness to Wholeness: Restoring Medieval Surgery to its Religious Cultural Context.”

Harvard Business School

Meet more HBS graduates

Davida Bynum

As a dual-degree candidate studying business and government, Davida is exploring the best ways to serve the public and private sectors.

Eduardo Avalos

With a focus on social entrepreneurship, Eduardo is hoping to create more equitable opportunities for those with fewer resources and less access.

Claudia Hill

By combining a degree in biomedical engineering with an M.B.A., Claudia plans to change millions of lives by creating life-saving drugs that can be distributed equitably.

Harvard Divinity School

Meet more Divinity School graduates

The growth I’ve experienced at HDS, both personal and academic, has been beyond anything I expected.” Samirah Jaigirdar Master of Theological Studies Learn more about Samirah’s studies

Jude Terna Ayua

Jude says his time at HDS changed his perspective about other faith traditions. After graduation, he will work as a private attorney and also run his non-profit, Keep Hope Alive Nigeria.

Christopher Siuzdak

While studying at HDS, Christopher’s favorite class was “Trends in World Christianity, 1900-2050,” which explored shifts in Christian confessions around the globe from a historical and social scientific perspective.

Harvard Extension School

Meet more Extension School graduates

Tomas Hernandez

Extension School graduate Tomas was able to complete his Master of Liberal Arts in Finance degree while working a full-time job, being a dad to three children, and pursuing his love of karate.

Vivien Kocsis

For her Master of Liberal Arts in Data Science capstone project, Vivien had a very specific sponsor in mind: NASA.

Brian Mazmanian

Of his journey at Harvard Extension School, Brian said, “I can honestly say that I’ve loved every minute of it.”

Harvard Graduate School of Design

Meet more graduates

For the first time, I truly felt like I was doing work that was very in touch with what GSD wants people to do, which is working with communities.” Priyanka Pillai Master in Design Engineering A joint Graduate School of Design and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences program Learn more about Priyanka’s work

Harvard Graduate School of Education

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Kavya Krishna

Kavya was recently named among Forbes’ “30 Under 30” for her dedication to empowering girls with the digital literacy skills necessary to excel in a technology-driven society.

Alria and Vyankatesh Kharage

Alria and Vyankatesh met as undergraduates, fell in love, and began building a life together when their shared passion for education brought them to Harvard.

Moriah has turned her own struggles with sobriety and recovery into an opportunity to help others seeking higher education opportunities.

Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Meet more SEAS graduates

Ben Schroeder

During his internship at SpaceX, Ben talked to experts to help him finalize his design for a robotic hand to help astronauts perform tasks remotely without the fatigue imposed by a suit glove.

Maria Emilia Mazzolenis

While pursuing a master’s degree in data science, Maria always kept her focus on the responsibility and impact that technology can have on society.

Lachlain McGranahan

Whether on the Charles River as a skipper on the Harvard Crimson sailing team or on the ocean helping to decipher sperm whale communications, Lachlain was never too far from his love for water and engineering.

Harvard Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

Meet more GSAS graduates

Thomas found a way to identify otherwise unrecorded 20th-century hurricanes, laying the foundation for a new field of historical environmental seismology.

Dylan Renaud

Dylan’s Harvard Horizons project combines research in the emerging field of nanoscale photonics—how light interacts with very small objects—with practical computing applications to create novel devices that move information via light.

Juhee Kang, who studied history and East Asian languages and civilizations, explored how psychological testing and mass data collection evolved in 20th-century Japan, where they became central across society.

Harvard Kennedy School

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Ananya Chhaochharia

While pursuing a Master in Public Policy, Ananya learned how to turn a political campaign into an art form.

Adebayo Alonge

After founding a platform that provides safe pharmaceuticals in Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda, Adebayo decided to pursue a mid-career master’s degree to help him understand how to expand to even more countries.

For her capstone research project, Maya sought to understand and find solutions for the inequality in Boston’s core city services, which aren’t equitably distributed across its diverse neighborhoods and communities.

Harvard Law School

Meet more Harvard Law graduates

Nicholas Gonzalez

Nicholas was instantly smitten with the law when he took part in mock trial and moot court competitions in high school. The performative part of arguing a case felt both familiar and alluring.  

Phoebe Kotlikoff

After becoming one of the first female U.S. Navy submariners, Phoebe was inspired by the integration of submarine service and the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” to attend law school.

Harvard Medical School

Meet more HMS graduates

I often tell students two things: ‘You can do it,’ and ‘but not alone.’” David Velasquez Doctor of Medicine Learn what inspired David to earn a third Harvard degree

Deborah Plana

Personal experience with cancer in her family cemented Deborah’s determination to pursue a career that combines her passions for analysis and improving patient care.

Mitchell Winkie

There are only a handful of residency positions in dermatology for the U.S. military each year. There was only one spot in the Navy open to graduating medical students, and Mitchell was selected to fill it.

It was an online search for “science internships, Boston” that set Irene on a 10-year path to Harvard where she would ultimately complete a Ph.D. in biological and biomedical sciences.

Harvard School of Dental Medicine

Meet more School of Dental Medicine graduates

Sheridan Danquah

Growing up, Sheridan didn’t encounter a dentist until after moving from Ghana to the U.S. when he was 10. The experience made a profound impression on him and influenced him to enter the field.

Explore how Sheridan found his purpose

Jessica Latimer

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Irfan Chaudhuri

Watching his grandmother battle Alzheimer’s disease inspired Irfan to explore the role public health could play in Alzheimer’s prevention.

After navigating the roadblocks involved in gender-affirming care, Ivan founded the startup Trans Health HQ to decrease barriers for clinicians and patients.

James Frater

As a child with asthma, James saw the dangers that come from inadequate health care. That’s why he decided to gain the skills to understand health systems and improve health equity across the globe.

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Hundreds of School of Pharmacy Graduates Entering Field

May 22, 2024    |   By Andrew Tie

The University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (UMSOP) held multiple convocation ceremonies last week, with hundreds of new graduates entering the field.  

On May 17, UMSOP celebrated 94 graduating  Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students   at The Lyric Baltimore.

“We at the School of Pharmacy are so very proud of you,” said Sarah L.J. Michel, PhD , UMSOP dean and professor of pharmaceutical sciences, who presided over graduation for the first time as dean. “As you go into the world and start your career in pharmacy, I am looking forward to hearing about your accomplishments. Whatever path you take, continue to be resilient, tenacious, and altruistic. Continue to lead.”  

Some students challenged themselves to complete pathways in geriatric and palliative care, pharmapreneurship — an initiative created by UMSOP in 2017 that represents the development of pharmacy entrepreneurs to address the nation’s health care challenges — pharmacotherapy, and research, while others completed graduate certificates or dual degrees in pharmacometrics and regulatory science.  

Others took on leadership positions in the Student Government Association or the University Student Government Association. And some participated in legislative advocacy.  

“If you think back to when you first started school here, how many skills did you have? How many lives could you save? How many proper medications could you think about and administer? Look at you today. Look at how excellent you’ve become,” said Bruce E. Jarrell, MD, FACS , president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), in conferring PharmD degrees to the graduates.  

In reflecting on his journey through pharmacy school, Javier Trujillo, PharmD ’24 , recalls moving to Maryland not knowing anyone and developing friendships with classmates.   

During his fourth year, he worked at the Maryland Poison Center , which he said changed his career interests toward toxicology.  

“I absolutely loved working at the Maryland Poison Center. It was more fulfilling than anything I’ve ever done,” Trujillo said.  

In addition to the PharmD Ceremony, UMSOP celebrated its in-person and virtual PhD and MS programs between May 14-18. They included:  

• The Pharmaceutical Health Services Research program — part of the Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research — which recognized three PhD and three MS graduates in the Saratoga Building President’s Boardroom on May 16 before a UMB hooding ceremony for PhD students. 
• The PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PSC) program, which recognized 10 doctoral graduates on May 16 before a UMB hooding ceremony for PhD students. 
• The MS in PSC program, which held its convocation ceremony on May 15 to recognize its 22 graduates. 
• The Graduate Studies in Medical Cannabis Science program, which held a ceremony at the Universities at Shady Grove on May 14 to honor 135 MS and six certificate graduates. 
• The MS and Graduate Certificate in Regulatory Science program, which held a convocation ceremony on May 15 to recognize its 25 master’s and seven certificate graduates. Six of the MS students also graduated from UMSOP this year with their PharmD. 
• The MS in Pharmacometrics program, which held its graduation online on May 18 to recognize its 16 graduating students 

“We are so proud of the Class of 2024 across our PhD and MS programs,” Michel said. “Whether you’re working on discoveries in a lab, advocating for legislative and policy changes, or evaluating pharmaceutical services and interventions, we know you are and will continue to be leaders, innovators, and change makers in your respective fields.”  

Jassmin Brown, MS ’24 , has a business background and said she’s looking into entrepreneurial opportunities in the medical and adult-use cannabis markets. Based in Richmond, Va., Brown described the program as exciting, motivating, and entertaining.  

“I drive to Maryland to participate in volunteer activities, make connections with my friends and faculty, and, honestly, it’s one of the best decisions I’ve made because I’ve not only made lifetime friends, but also family,” Brown said.  

During the PharmD ceremony, Jarrell presented an honorary Doctor of Science degree to R.F. “Rick” Shangraw, Jr., PhD, MPA , president of Cintana Education, for which UMSOP nominated him.  

Shangraw has long been part of the UMSOP community as the son of the late Ralph F. Shangraw, a former department chair and professor emeritus of pharmaceutics. The honorary degree recognizes Shangraw’s involvement with and advocacy for advancing pharmacy education, research, and practice.  

“As you go out into the world, keep that entrepreneurial spirit to be innovative, to be creative, to think of new ways to do your job, to bring new ideas,” said Shangraw, who has been a supporter of the pharmapreneurship  initiative, the school’s commitment to supporting and best positioning faculty and students to achieve their career aspirations and address health care challenges.

“Many professions around the world are changing dramatically, and pharmacy is certainly one of them,” Shangraw added. “So it’s vitally important to bring this concept of pharmapreneurship to your job.”  

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