business planning and regulation mba notes

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Financial Management

Explore the essentials of financial strategy and decision-making with our concise Financial Management MBA Notes. Designed for MBA students and professionals, these notes cover crucial topics like investment analysis, corporate finance, and risk management. Enhance your financial acumen and excel in your academic and professional journey.

1 Financial Management: An Introduction

• Nature of Finance Function

Approaches of Financial Management

Financial decisions, objectives of the firm.

• Risk-Return Trade-off
• Financial Goals and Firm’s Objectives
• Conflict of Goals: Management vs. Owners

Organisation of Finance

• Function Role of  Finance Manager
• Finance and related Disciplines

2 Time Value of Money

• Future Value

Calculation of Future Value

• Present Value vs. Future Value

Time Value of Money and its Significance

• Calculation of Time Value of Money

Financial Decisions – Time Value of Money

3 Risk and Return

• Concept of investment risk
• Evolution of risk connotations
• Sources of risk
• Types of risk
• Measuring historical return
• Measuring historical risk
• Measuring expected return and risk

4 Valuation of Securities

Genesis of Valuation

• Need for Valuation

Various Expressions of Value

Business valuation approaches.

• Investment Decision – Required Rate of Return

The Three-Step Valuation Process

The general valuation framework, valuation of fixed-income securities, valuation of preferences shares, valuation of equity shares.

5 Cost of Capital

Cost of Capital

Components of cost of capital, classification of cost of capital, significance of cost of capital, computing cost of capital of individual components, weighted cost of capital, some misconceptions about the cost of capital.

6 Investment Appraisal Methods

Need for Investment Decisions

Factors affecting investment decisions, types of investment proposals, investment appraisal process.

• Investment Appraisal Methods
• Depreciation, Tax and Inflows
• Limitations of Appraisal Techniques

7 Management of Working Capital

Significance of Working Capital

• Operating Cycle

Concepts of Working Capital

• Kinds of Working Capital

Components of Working Capital

Importance of working capital management, determinants of workings capital needs, approaches to managing working capital, measuring working capital, working capital management under inflation.

• Efficiency Criteria

Determining Optimal Cash Balance

Management of cash flows.

8 Financial Markets

Role and Functions of Financial Markets

Types of financial markets, participants in financial markets.

9 Sources of Finance

Classification of Sources of Finance

• Long Term Sources
• Short Term Sources of Finance

Financing through Financial Institutions

Emerging sources of finance.

10 Capital Structure

Concept of Capital Structure

Features of an appropriate capital structure, determinants of capital structure.

11 Leverage Analysis

Concept of Financial Leverage

Measures of financial leverage, effects of financial leverage, operating leverage, combined leverage, financial leverage and risk.

12 Dividend Theories

Theories of Dividend

Relevance theories of dividend, irrelevance theory – mm hypothesis.

13 Dividend Policies

Forms of Dividend

Factors affecting dividend decision.

• Types Determinants of Dividend Policies
• Dividend Policy

14 Behavioural Finance

Scope of Behavioural Finance

Characteristics of behavioural finance, branches of finance, financial theories, traditional vs. behavioural finance, behavioural finance: science or art, behavioural finance in the stock market.

• Decision Making Errors and Biases

Heuristics and Biases of Behavioural Finance

Quantitative behavioural finance techniques.

15 Financial Restructuring

Corporate Restructuring

Financial restructuring, methods of financial restructuring, buyback of shares, conversion of debt/preference share into equity, corporate debt restructuring, leveraged buyouts, equity restructuring, divestiture, disinvestment.

• Changes in the total Corporate Structure

Syllabus with topics linked

Understanding the Nature of Finance Function in Business

Explore the dynamic world of financial management and discover how it shapes the destiny of businesses. Learn about the Nature of Finance Function and its crucial role in our latest blog.

Unlock the world of financial management by exploring its traditional and modern approaches. Discover how these approaches shape financial decision-making and drive business success. Dive into the intricacies of financial management in our latest blog.

Discover the significance of financial decisions in business success. Explore investment, financing, and dividend decisions that drive growth and profitability.

Discover the core objectives of a firm, from maximizing shareholder wealth to ensuring sustainability and social responsibility. Learn what guides business decisions for long-term success.

Navigating the Risk-Return Trade-off in Financial Management

Discover the pivotal concept of the risk-return trade-off in finance. Learn how balancing risk and return impacts investment decisions and financial strategies.

Aligning Financial Goals with Firm’s Objectives

Explore the crucial connection between financial goals and a firm’s broader objectives. Learn how alignment drives strategic growth and success in corporate finance.

Conflict of Goals: Management vs Owners

Explore the conflict of goals between management and owners in corporate governance. Learn about the causes, consequences, and strategies for resolution in our blog.

Discover the strategies and structures that optimize the organization of finance within a company. Learn how financial excellence drives overall business success.

Unraveling the Function and Role of a Finance Manager

Discover the pivotal function and role of a finance manager in an organization. Learn how they guide financial decisions, manage risks, and drive financial success.

The Interplay of Finance and Related Disciplines

Discover the multidimensional nature of finance and its interactions with related disciplines. Learn how this synergy shapes financial decision-making and strategies.

Future Value in Financial Management

Explore the concept of future value in finance and how it empowers individuals and businesses to plan for the future and make informed financial decisions.

Discover how to calculate future value and use it to make informed financial decisions, plan for the future, and assess investment growth potential.

Present Value vs Future Value

Navigate the world of finance by grasping the difference between present value (PV) and future value (FV). Learn how these concepts impact financial decisions and planning.

Uncover the significance of the Time Value of Money (TVM) in financial management. Explore how TVM shapes investment, loan decisions, retirement planning, and more.

Calculating the Time Value of Money (TVM)

Learn how to calculate the Time Value of Money (TVM) and harness its power for financial planning and decision-making. Explore formulas and real-world applications.

Learn how the Time Value of Money (TVM) guides financial decision-making. Discover its role in investments, loans, retirement planning, business strategies, and personal finance.

Understanding Investment Risk

Delve into the concept of investment risk and its importance in the world of finance. Learn about sources, types, and strategies for managing investment risk.

Evolution of Risk Connotations

Trace the evolution of risk connotations in finance, from its early association with danger to its pivotal role in modern portfolio management and investment strategies.

Exploring the Diverse Sources of Risk in Finance

Dive into the world of finance and explore the diverse sources of risk, from market and specific risk to inflation, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Learn how to manage and mitigate these risks.

Understanding the Different Types of Risk

Dive into the world of finance and explore the diverse types of risk, from market and specific risk to inflation, interest rate, and more. Learn how to manage and mitigate these risks effectively.

How to Measure Historical Return in Finance

Understand the significance of measuring historical return in finance. Learn how it’s calculated, why it matters, and how to use it to assess investment performance and risk.

Uncovering the Past: Measuring Historical Risk in Finance

Dive into the world of finance and explore the significance of measuring historical risk. Learn about calculation methods, how it aids in risk assessment, and its role in informed decision-making.

Measuring Expected Return and Risk in Finance

Delve into the world of finance and discover how investors measure expected return and risk. Learn about the risk-return trade-off, calculation methods, and making informed investment decisions.

Dive into the world of finance and explore the genesis of valuation. Discover its significance, approaches, and how it guides investment decisions and business transactions.

Valuation: Why It Matters in Finance

Uncover the vital role of valuation in finance. Explore why it’s crucial for investment decisions, mergers and acquisitions, financial reporting, estate planning, and more.

Discover the multiple expressions of value in finance, from market and intrinsic value to book value and more. Learn their specific roles and importance in financial assessment.

Dive into business valuation and understand the three fundamental approaches: Income Approach, Market Approach, and Asset Approach. Learn how each method contributes to assessing a company’s value.

The Crucial Factor in Investment Decisions: Required Rate of Return

Dive into the world of investment decisions and learn about the essential role of the required rate of return (RRR). Understand its determination, significance, and impact on investment appraisal.

Uncover the three-step valuation process in finance, from economy and industry analysis to in-depth company analysis. Explore the empirical support behind this structured approach.

Dive into the General Valuation Framework in finance, exploring key concepts like the Basic Valuation Model, Value-Price Relationship, Cootner Hypothesis, and Dynamic Valuation Process.

Explore the valuation of fixed-income securities, from the Present Value method to Yield to Maturity and factors like interest rates and credit risk. Unveil the complexities of bond valuation.

Delve into the realm of preference shares and discover the intricacies of their valuation, including the Dividend Valuation Model and factors like dividend rates and market conditions.

Delve into the realm of equity shares and uncover the intricacies of their valuation, including methods like EPS and DDM, and factors like earnings growth and risk.

Explore the critical concept of the cost of capital in finance. Learn its components, calculation methods, and its role in investment decisions, capital budgeting, and valuation.

Explore the key components of the cost of capital in finance, including debt, equity, preferred stock, and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Understand their role in financial decisions.

Explore the classification of cost of capital into explicit and implicit costs. Understand their roles in financial decisions, resource allocation, and optimizing returns.

Uncover the profound significance of the cost of capital in finance. Explore its roles in investment decisions, capital budgeting, financing, asset valuation, and risk assessment.

Explore the intricacies of calculating the cost of capital components, including long-term debt, preference capital, equity capital, and retained earnings, and their role in financial decisions.

Delve into the world of finance and uncover the significance of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). Learn how to compute WACC and its pivotal role in decision-making.

Explore and dispel common misconceptions about the cost of capital in finance. Learn why it’s not fixed, project-specific, relevant for all businesses, and not an absolute measure of value.

Investment Appraisal Methods: Traditional vs. Discounted Cash Flow

Explore traditional and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) investment appraisal methods. Understand their differences, pros, and cons to make informed investment decisions.

Uncover the critical role of investment decisions in finance. Explore how they allocate resources, create wealth, manage risk, foster innovation, and provide a competitive edge.

Explore the factors that influence investment decisions, from risk tolerance and financial goals to market conditions and ethical considerations. Learn how these factors shape investment strategies.

Dive into the types of investment proposals and discover the strategies to evaluate them effectively. Whether it’s stocks, real estate, or startups, make informed investment choices.

Explore the investment appraisal process, its significance in financial decision-making, and the steps involved in evaluating potential investments. Make informed choices for financial success.

Depreciation, Tax, and Inflows

Unravel the financial interplay between depreciation, taxation, and cash inflows. Explore how depreciation affects taxes, cash flows, and investment appraisal, considering the time value of money.

Limitations of Investment Appraisal Techniques

Dive into the limitations of investment appraisal techniques and understand how to overcome them. Explore the challenges of assumptions, forecasting, and more in financial decision-making.

Uncover the significance of working capital in business. Explore how it supports daily operations, facilitates growth, and acts as a financial cushion in challenging times.

Understanding the Operating Cycle

Explore the importance of the operating cycle in financial management and learn how optimizing it can enhance cash flow, reduce stress, and boost profitability for businesses.

Dive into the concepts of working capital and discover why it’s crucial for business financial health. Learn strategies to manage current assets and liabilities effectively.

Exploring the Kinds of Working Capital

Delve into the world of working capital and its two crucial kinds: gross and net working capital. Learn their significance and how to optimize them for financial health.

Explore the components of working capital and their impact on financial health. Learn how current assets and liabilities can be optimized for financial balance and growth.

Explore the critical role of working capital management in ensuring financial health, seizing opportunities, and reducing risk for businesses. Learn key strategies for effective management.

Uncover the factors influencing a company’s working capital needs and learn how to manage them effectively. Ensure financial stability, liquidity, and growth prospects with prudent strategies.

Discover the approaches to working capital management and their implications for business financial stability and growth. Learn efficient strategies to navigate this crucial aspect of financial management.

Dive into the world of working capital measurement and understand how key metrics reveal financial health, liquidity, and operational efficiency. Gain insights for informed decision-making.

Learn how to manage working capital effectively during inflation. Understand the impact of rising costs on working capital and implement strategies to mitigate risks and maintain financial stability.

Efficiency Criteria in Working Capital Management

Learn how efficiency criteria in working capital management impact a company’s financial health and performance. Explore key metrics and strategies to optimize working capital for success.

Learn the importance of finding the optimal cash balance for your business. Discover methods like cash flow forecasting and scenario analysis to achieve financial stability and growth.

Learn the significance of cash flow management and explore strategies to ensure liquidity, reduce financial risk, and make informed decisions. Navigate financial waters with confidence.

Discover the pivotal role and diverse functions of financial markets in the global economy. Learn why they are essential for capital allocation, risk management, and economic growth.

Dive into the various types of financial markets, from money and capital markets to equity, debt, derivative, and commodities markets. Learn their roles and importance in the global economy.

Explore the key participants in financial markets, including investors, banks, corporations, governments, traders, brokers, and regulators. Understand their roles in money and capital markets.

Dive into the world of finance as we explore the classification of sources of finance. Understand the various long-term and short-term options available for businesses to secure funds.

Long-Term Sources of Finance

Dive into the world of long-term sources of finance, from equity capital to venture capital. Explore their significance and how they shape the financial landscape for businesses.

Short-Term Sources of Finance

Discover the essential short-term sources of finance that keep businesses afloat. From trade credit to public deposits, explore how these financial instruments play a crucial role in day-to-day operations.

Explore the diverse options of financing through financial institutions, from term loans to letters of credit. Discover how these financial instruments empower businesses to access capital and thrive.

Discover the transformative potential of emerging sources of finance, from asset securitization to crowdfunding. Explore how these innovative avenues are reshaping the way businesses secure capital and thrive.

Dive into the concept of capital structure and its significance in financial management. Learn how companies balance debt and equity financing to optimize their financial stability and growth.

Discover the key features that define an appropriate capital structure in financial management. Learn how balancing debt, equity, risk, and flexibility contributes to a company’s financial resilience and growth prospects.

Explore the key determinants that influence a company’s capital structure decisions. From industry type to financial goals and market conditions, learn how businesses balance debt and equity financing to meet their unique needs.

Explore the concept of financial leverage and its impact on financial decision-making. Learn how leveraging debt can amplify returns and risks, and understand key measures of financial leverage.

Explore the key measures of financial leverage and learn how they provide insights into a company’s reliance on debt and its financial risk exposure.

Explore the effects of financial leverage on a company’s profitability, risk exposure, and decision-making. Learn how leveraging debt can amplify returns and risks, affecting shareholders and industry dynamics.

Explore the concept of operating leverage and how it affects a company’s cost structure, profitability, and decision-making. Learn how high operating leverage can amplify gains and losses, making it a crucial consideration for businesses.

Explore the concept of combined leverage and how it influences a company’s profitability and risk. Learn how the interplay between operating and financial leverage impacts financial decision-making and the importance of managing it effectively.

Explore the complex relationship between financial leverage and risk. Learn how financial leverage can amplify both returns and risks and discover key considerations for managing this delicate balance effectively.

Explore the theories of dividend, including the traditional, Walter’s, Gordon’s, and Modigliani-Miller hypotheses. Understand how these theories offer diverse perspectives on dividend policy and its impact on shareholder wealth.

Explore the relevance theories of dividend, including the traditional theory, Walter’s model, and Gordon’s model. Understand how these theories provide insights into dividend decision-making, taking into account investment opportunities, cost of capital, and shareholder expectations.

Explore the Irrelevance Theory, also known as the Modigliani-Miller (MM) Hypothesis, which challenges conventional wisdom about the impact of dividend policy on a firm’s value. Learn about the key assumptions and irrelevance propositions it presents and its implications in the real-world context of corporate finance.

Explore the different forms of dividends that companies can employ to reward their shareholders, including cash dividends, stock dividends, stock splits, property dividends, and scrip dividends. Understand the advantages and considerations associated with each form of dividend.

Explore the key factors that influence dividend decisions for companies. Understand how factors such as earnings, cash flow, growth opportunities, debt obligations, shareholder expectations, taxation, and legal requirements play a crucial role in determining dividend policies.

Types and Determinants of Dividend Policies

Explore the types of dividend policies companies can adopt, including regular, stable payout ratio, residual, irregular, and no dividend policies. Understand the determinants within external and internal factors that influence these dividend policy choices.

Exploring Dividend Policy Variations

Discover various dividend policies, including Stable Rupee Dividend, Incremental Dividend Policy, Stable Dividend Payout Ratio, and Residual Dividend Policy. Understand the characteristics and implications of each policy for companies and shareholders.

Explore the extensive scope of behavioral finance, which delves into the psychological and emotional factors impacting financial decision-making. Learn about key characteristics, including emotion-driven behavior, cognitive biases, and market anomalies, and discover practical applications in investment management, risk assessment, economics, and market regulation.

Explore the characteristics of behavioral finance, including the role of emotions and cognitive biases. Consider behavioral aspects like heuristics, overconfidence, and herding behavior. Discover practical applications in investment management, risk assessment, economics, and market regulation.

Explore the various branches of finance, including corporate finance, investment management, financial markets, risk management, and more. Understand the unique focus and applications of each branch within the financial field.

Explore essential financial theories, including the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), and others. Learn how these theories shape investment strategies and financial decision-making in the world of finance.

Explore the differences between traditional finance, which assumes rationality and market efficiency, and behavioral finance, which recognizes the role of emotions and cognitive biases in financial decisions. Understand how these contrasting perspectives shape financial theories and investment strategies.

Explore why behavioral finance is both a science and an art, and how it combines empirical research and data analysis with the interpretation of human behavior to provide valuable insights into financial decision-making.

Discover how behavioral finance influences stock market behavior, impacting investor decisions, and shaping market dynamics. Explore the role of emotions, cognitive biases, herding behavior, and market anomalies in stock trading, and learn how behavioral finance professionals use these insights to make informed investment decisions.

Decision-Making Errors and Biases

Explore common decision-making errors and biases that can influence financial choices. Discover how confirmation bias, overconfidence bias, anchoring bias, loss aversion, and others can impact investment decisions and learn how awareness of these biases can lead to more informed financial choices.

Explore common heuristics and biases in behavioral finance and their impact on investment choices and market behavior. Learn about the representativeness heuristic, availability heuristic, framing effect, endowment effect, and more, and discover how recognizing these cognitive shortcuts is crucial for informed financial decision-making.

Explore the world of quantitative behavioral finance and how advanced statistical techniques, data analysis, and modeling methods are used to study and predict financial behavior influenced by psychological biases. Learn about sentiment analysis, market microstructure analysis, agent-based modeling, risk perception modeling, and other quantitative techniques in this intriguing field.

Explore the concept of corporate restructuring, its objectives, methods, and the strategic considerations involved in reshaping a business. Discover how financial restructuring, operational restructuring, and strategic restructuring can help companies adapt to changing market conditions and enhance their competitiveness.

Explore the concept of financial restructuring, its objectives, methods, and the critical considerations involved in optimizing a company’s financial structure and enhancing financial health. Learn how debt refinancing, equity issuance, asset sales, and cost reduction initiatives are used to achieve financial restructuring goals.

Explore the methods of financial restructuring, including debt refinancing, equity issuance, asset sales, cost reduction initiatives, and more. Learn about the key considerations involved in financial restructuring to navigate challenging financial situations and improve a company’s financial health.

Explore the concept of a share buyback, its objectives, methods, and the impact it has on a company’s financial structure and shareholders. Learn how share buybacks can create value for shareholders by enhancing earnings per share, increasing ownership stakes, and potentially boosting stock prices.

Explore the concept of converting debt and preference shares into equity, its objectives, methods, and impact on a company’s financial position and shareholders. Learn how this strategic move can reduce debt burdens, strengthen balance sheets, and enhance financial flexibility.

Explore the concept of corporate debt restructuring, its objectives, methods, and the considerations involved in this financial strategy. Learn how debt refinancing, debt-for-equity swaps, and other methods can help companies alleviate financial distress and enhance their financial stability.

Explore the concept of leveraged buyouts (LBOs), their objectives, methods, and implications for acquiring firms and target companies. Learn how LBOs use debt financing to acquire companies and the strategic reasons behind these transactions.

Explore the concept of equity restructuring, its objectives, methods, and the impact it has on a company’s ownership dynamics. Learn how equity restructuring can enhance governance, raise capital, and realign ownership to align with strategic goals.

Explore the concept of divestiture, its objectives, methods, and impact on companies and stakeholders. Learn how divestiture can help companies focus on core business, optimize their portfolios, and improve financial performance through asset sales, spin-offs, and other strategic actions.

Explore the concept of disinvestment, its objectives, methods, and implications for governments, public-sector companies, and the broader economy. Learn how disinvestment generates capital, promotes competition, and improves corporate governance through equity and asset sales, transforming public sector entities.

Changes in Corporate Structure: Transforming for Success

Explore the concept of changes in corporate structure, their objectives, methods, and implications for businesses and stakeholders. Learn how organizations undertake M&A, spin-offs, alliances, and restructuring to enhance efficiency, expand markets, and create value.

Table of Contents

What is a business plan, the advantages of having a business plan, the types of business plans, the key elements of a business plan, best business plan software, common challenges of writing a business plan, become an expert business planner, business planning: it’s importance, types and key elements.

Every year, thousands of new businesses see the light of the day. One look at the  World Bank's Entrepreneurship Survey and database  shows the mind-boggling rate of new business registrations. However, sadly, only a tiny percentage of them have a chance of survival.   

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 20% of small businesses fail in their first year, about 50% in their fifth year.

Research from the University of Tennessee found that 44% of businesses fail within the first three years. Among those that operate within specific sectors, like information (which includes most tech firms), 63% shut shop within three years.

Several  other statistics  expose the abysmal rates of business failure. But why are so many businesses bound to fail? Most studies mention "lack of business planning" as one of the reasons.

This isn’t surprising at all. 

Running a business without a plan is like riding a motorcycle up a craggy cliff blindfolded. Yet, way too many firms ( a whopping 67%)  don't have a formal business plan in place. 

It doesn't matter if you're a startup with a great idea or a business with an excellent product. You can only go so far without a roadmap — a business plan. Only, a business plan is so much more than just a roadmap. A solid plan allows a business to weather market challenges and pivot quickly in the face of crisis, like the one global businesses are struggling with right now, in the post-pandemic world.  

But before you can go ahead and develop a great business plan, you need to know the basics. In this article, we'll discuss the fundamentals of business planning to help you plan effectively for 2021.  

Now before we begin with the details of business planning, let us understand what it is.

No two businesses have an identical business plan, even if they operate within the same industry. So one business plan can look entirely different from another one. Still, for the sake of simplicity, a business plan can be defined as a guide for a company to operate and achieve its goals.  

More specifically, it's a document in writing that outlines the goals, objectives, and purpose of a business while laying out the blueprint for its day-to-day operations and key functions such as marketing, finance, and expansion.

A good business plan can be a game-changer for startups that are looking to raise funds to grow and scale. It convinces prospective investors that the venture will be profitable and provides a realistic outlook on how much profit is on the cards and by when it will be attained. 

However, it's not only new businesses that greatly benefit from a business plan. Well-established companies and large conglomerates also need to tweak their business plans to adapt to new business environments and unpredictable market changes. 

Before getting into learning more about business planning, let us learn the advantages of having one.

Since a detailed business plan offers a birds-eye view of the entire framework of an establishment, it has several benefits that make it an important part of any organization. Here are few ways a business plan can offer significant competitive edge.

• Sets objectives and benchmarks: Proper planning helps a business set realistic objectives and assign stipulated time for those goals to be met. This results in long-term profitability. It also lets a company set benchmarks and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) necessary to reach its goals. 
• Maximizes resource allocation: A good business plan helps to effectively organize and allocate the company’s resources. It provides an understanding of the result of actions, such as, opening new offices, recruiting fresh staff, change in production, and so on. It also helps the business estimate the financial impact of such actions.
• Enhances viability: A plan greatly contributes towards turning concepts into reality. Though business plans vary from company to company, the blueprints of successful companies often serve as an excellent guide for nascent-stage start-ups and new entrepreneurs. It also helps existing firms to market, advertise, and promote new products and services into the market.
• Aids in decision making: Running a business involves a lot of decision making: where to pitch, where to locate, what to sell, what to charge — the list goes on. A well thought-out business plan provides an organization the ability to anticipate the curveballs that the future could throw at them. It allows them to come up with answers and solutions to these issues well in advance.
• Fix past mistakes: When businesses create plans keeping in mind the flaws and failures of the past and what worked for them and what didn’t, it can help them save time, money, and resources. Such plans that reflects the lessons learnt from the past offers businesses an opportunity to avoid future pitfalls.
• Attracts investors: A business plan gives investors an in-depth idea about the objectives, structure, and validity of a firm. It helps to secure their confidence and encourages them to invest. 

Now let's look at the various types involved in business planning.

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Business plans are formulated according to the needs of a business. It can be a simple one-page document or an elaborate 40-page affair, or anything in between. While there’s no rule set in stone as to what exactly a business plan can or can’t contain, there are a few common types of business plan that nearly all businesses in existence use.  

Here’s an overview of a few fundamental types of business plans. 

• Start-up plan: As the name suggests, this is a documentation of the plans, structure, and objections of a new business establishments. It describes the products and services that are to be produced by the firm, the staff management, and market analysis of their production. Often, a detailed finance spreadsheet is also attached to this document for investors to determine the viability of the new business set-up.
• Feasibility plan: A feasibility plan evaluates the prospective customers of the products or services that are to be produced by a company. It also estimates the possibility of a profit or a loss of a venture. It helps to forecast how well a product will sell at the market, the duration it will require to yield results, and the profit margin that it will secure on investments. 
• Expansion Plan: This kind of plan is primarily framed when a company decided to expand in terms of production or structure. It lays down the fundamental steps and guidelines with regards to internal or external growth. It helps the firm to analyze the activities like resource allocation for increased production, financial investments, employment of extra staff, and much more.
• Operations Plan: An operational plan is also called an annual plan. This details the day-to-day activities and strategies that a business needs to follow in order to materialize its targets. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the managing body, the various departments, and the company’s employees for the holistic success of the firm.
• Strategic Plan: This document caters to the internal strategies of the company and is a part of the foundational grounds of the establishments. It can be accurately drafted with the help of a SWOT analysis through which the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats can be categorized and evaluated so that to develop means for optimizing profits.

There is some preliminary work that’s required before you actually sit down to write a plan for your business. Knowing what goes into a business plan is one of them. 

Here are the key elements of a good business plan:

• Executive Summary: An executive summary gives a clear picture of the strategies and goals of your business right at the outset. Though its value is often understated, it can be extremely helpful in creating the readers’ first impression of your business. As such, it could define the opinions of customers and investors from the get-go.  
• Business Description: A thorough business description removes room for any ambiguity from your processes. An excellent business description will explain the size and structure of the firm as well as its position in the market. It also describes the kind of products and services that the company offers. It even states as to whether the company is old and established or new and aspiring. Most importantly, it highlights the USP of the products or services as compared to your competitors in the market.
• Market Analysis: A systematic market analysis helps to determine the current position of a business and analyzes its scope for future expansions. This can help in evaluating investments, promotions, marketing, and distribution of products. In-depth market understanding also helps a business combat competition and make plans for long-term success.
• Operations and Management: Much like a statement of purpose, this allows an enterprise to explain its uniqueness to its readers and customers. It showcases the ways in which the firm can deliver greater and superior products at cheaper rates and in relatively less time. 
• Financial Plan: This is the most important element of a business plan and is primarily addressed to investors and sponsors. It requires a firm to reveal its financial policies and market analysis. At times, a 5-year financial report is also required to be included to show past performances and profits. The financial plan draws out the current business strategies, future projections, and the total estimated worth of the firm.

The importance of business planning is it simplifies the planning of your company's finances to present this information to a bank or investors. Here are the best business plan software providers available right now:

• Business Sorter

The importance of business planning cannot be emphasized enough, but it can be challenging to write a business plan. Here are a few issues to consider before you start your business planning:

• Create a business plan to determine your company's direction, obtain financing, and attract investors.
• Identifying financial, demographic, and achievable goals is a common challenge when writing a business plan.
• Some entrepreneurs struggle to write a business plan that is concise, interesting, and informative enough to demonstrate the viability of their business idea.
• You can streamline your business planning process by conducting research, speaking with experts and peers, and working with a business consultant.

Whether you’re running your own business or in-charge of ensuring strategic performance and growth for your employer or clients, knowing the ins and outs of business planning can set you up for success. 

Be it the launch of a new and exciting product or an expansion of operations, business planning is the necessity of all large and small companies. Which is why the need for professionals with superior business planning skills will never die out. In fact, their demand is on the rise with global firms putting emphasis on business analysis and planning to cope with cut-throat competition and market uncertainties.

While some are natural-born planners, most people have to work to develop this important skill. Plus, business planning requires you to understand the fundamentals of business management and be familiar with business analysis techniques . It also requires you to have a working knowledge of data visualization, project management, and monitoring tools commonly used by businesses today.   

Simpliearn’s Executive Certificate Program in General Management will help you develop and hone the required skills to become an extraordinary business planner. This comprehensive general management program by IIM Indore can serve as a career catalyst, equipping professionals with a competitive edge in the ever-evolving business environment.

What Is Meant by Business Planning?

Business planning is developing a company's mission or goals and defining the strategies you will use to achieve those goals or tasks. The process can be extensive, encompassing all aspects of the operation, or it can be concrete, focusing on specific functions within the overall corporate structure.

What Are the 4 Types of Business Plans?

The following are the four types of business plans:

Operational Planning

This type of planning typically describes the company's day-to-day operations. Single-use plans are developed for events and activities that occur only once (such as a single marketing campaign). Ongoing plans include problem-solving policies, rules for specific regulations, and procedures for a step-by-step process for achieving particular goals.

Strategic Planning

Strategic plans are all about why things must occur. A high-level overview of the entire business is included in strategic planning. It is the organization's foundation and will dictate long-term decisions.

Tactical Planning

Tactical plans are about what will happen. Strategic planning is aided by tactical planning. It outlines the tactics the organization intends to employ to achieve the goals outlined in the strategic plan.

Contingency Planning

When something unexpected occurs or something needs to be changed, contingency plans are created. In situations where a change is required, contingency planning can be beneficial.

What Are the 7 Steps of a Business Plan?

The following are the seven steps required for a business plan:

Conduct Research

If your company is to run a viable business plan and attract investors, your information must be of the highest quality.

Have a Goal

The goal must be unambiguous. You will waste your time if you don't know why you're writing a business plan. Knowing also implies having a target audience for when the plan is expected to get completed.

Create a Company Profile

Some refer to it as a company profile, while others refer to it as a snapshot. It's designed to be mentally quick and digestible because it needs to stick in the reader's mind quickly since more information is provided later in the plan.

Describe the Company in Detail

Explain the company's current situation, both good and bad. Details should also include patents, licenses, copyrights, and unique strengths that no one else has.

Create a marketing plan ahead of time.

A strategic marketing plan is required because it outlines how your product or service will be communicated, delivered, and sold to customers.

Be Willing to Change Your Plan for the Sake of Your Audience

Another standard error is that people only write one business plan. Startups have several versions, just as candidates have numerous resumes for various potential employers.

Incorporate Your Motivation

Your motivation must be a compelling reason for people to believe your company will succeed in all circumstances. A mission should drive a business, not just selling, to make money. That mission is defined by your motivation as specified in your business plan.

What Are the Basic Steps in Business Planning?

These are the basic steps in business planning:

Summary and Objectives

Briefly describe your company, its objectives, and your plan to keep it running.

Services and Products

Add specifics to your detailed description of the product or service you intend to offer. Where, why, and how much you plan to sell your product or service and any special offers.

Conduct research on your industry and the ideal customers to whom you want to sell. Identify the issues you want to solve for your customers.

Operations are the process of running your business, including the people, skills, and experience required to make it successful.

How are you going to reach your target audience? How you intend to sell to them may include positioning, pricing, promotion, and distribution.

Consider funding costs, operating expenses, and projected income. Include your financial objectives and a breakdown of what it takes to make your company profitable. With proper business planning through the help of support, system, and mentorship, it is easy to start a business.

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• Introduction, Meaning, Importance, Features and Limitations of Planning

Just like management is a never-ending activity, so is planning. In fact business planning, it is one of the primary functions of management . It sets up the stage for all further functions of management like organizing, directing etc. Let us understand the concept of planning.

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We already know what planning is, it is the deciding of what is to be done in advance. It is the groundwork for all future plans of the organization . Planning bridges the gap between where the organization currently find itself and where it wishes to be.

So in essence business planning comprises of setting objectives for the organization and developing a plan of action to achieve these objectives. Once the objectives are set, the managers and workers can have a clear vision of what to work towards.

Managers are a very important part of the function of business planning. Planning requires innovation, creativity and multi-tasking from the managers. And planning is a function that managers of all levels must perform, i.e upper, middle and lower management .

Browse more Topics under Planning

• Planning Process
• Types of Plan

Importance of Business Planning

Planning is an important function of management, it tells the manager where the organization should be headed. It also helps the organization reduce uncertainty. Let us take a look at some important functions of planning.

1] Planning provides a sense of Direction

Planning means coming up with a predetermined action plan for the organization. It actually states in advance what and how the work is to be done. This helps provide the workers and the managers with a sense of direction , a guidance in a way. Without planning their actions would be uncoordinated and unorganized.

2] Planning reduces Uncertainty

Planning not only sets objectives but also anticipates any future changes in the industry or the organization. So it allows the managers to prepare for these changes, and allow them to deal with the uncertainties. Planning takes into consideration past events and trends and prepares the managers to deal with any uncertain events.

3] Planning reduces Wastefulness

The detailed plans made keep in mind the needs of all the departments. This ensures that all the departments are on the same page about the plan and that all their activities are coordinated. There is clarity in thought which leads to clarity in action. All work is carried out without interruptions or waste of time or resources ,

4] Planning invokes Innovation

Planning actually involves a lot of innovation on the part of the managers . Being the first function of management it is a very difficult activity. It encourages the manager to broaden their horizons and forces them to think differently. So the managers have to be creative, perceptive and innovative.

5] Makes Decision=Making Easier

In business planning the goals of the organization have been set, an action plan developed and even predictions have been made for future events. This makes it easier for all managers across all levels to make decisions with some ease. The decision-making process also becomes faster.

6] Establishes Standards

Once the business planning is done, the managers now have set goals and standards. This provides the manager’s standards against which they can measure actual performances. This will help the organization measure if the goals have been met or not. So planning is a prerequisite to controlling.

Limitations of Planning

While business planning is important and a requisite for every organization, it does have some limitations. Let us take a look at some limitations of business planning.

1] Rigidity

Once the planning function is complete and the action plan is set, then the manager tends to only follow the plan. The manager may not be in a position to change the plan according to circumstances. Or the manager may be unwilling to change the plan. This sort of rigidity is not ideal for an organization.

2] Not ideal in Dynamic Conditions

In an economic environment rarely anything is stagnant or static. Economic, political, environmental, legal conditions keep changing. In such a dynamic environment it becomes challenging to predict future changes. And if a manager cannot forecast accurately, the plan may fail.

3] Planning can also reduce creativity

While making a plan takes creativity after that managers blindly follow the plan. They do not change the plan according to the dynamic nature of the business. Sometimes they do not even make the appropriate suggestions to upper management. The work becomes routine.

4] Planning is Expensive

Planning is a cost-consuming process. Since it is an intellectual and creative process, specialized professionals must be hired for the job. Also, it involves a lot of research and facts collection and number crunching. At certain times the cost of the planning process can outweigh its benefits.

5] Not Completely Accurate

When planning we have to forecast the future and predict certain upcoming events in the organization and the industry. So, of course, there cannot be hundred per cent certainty in such cases. So it can be said that business planning lacks accuracy

Solved Question for You

Q: Which of the following can be referred to planning?

• Departmentation
• Government policy
• Forecasting
• All of the above

Ans: The correct option is C. Planning is forecasting as it is deciding what to do in advance. Planning is futuristic as it never relates to the past. So planning bridges the gap between where the company is and where it wishes to go.

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One response to “Introduction, Meaning, Importance, Features and Limitations of Planning”

You made a good point that I should be wary of dynamic situations when dealing with business planning. Nevertheless, I still think that having a good business plan is essential for the game development company that I’m planning to start in the future. Perhaps hiring a business planning consultant would be a good way to have a good footing from the very beginning of the venture.

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Master of Business Administration/Master of Planning (MBA/MPl)

The Marshall School of Business in conjunction with the USC Price School of Public Policy offers a program leading to the degrees of Master of Business Administration and Master of Planning.

The Master of Business Administration/Master of Planning dual degree program enables students to understand the conduct and requirements of business, accounting, corporate and strategic planning, real estate marketing and finance. Students also gain expertise in public policy, city planning and the interpretation of government regulations. Exposure to both fields becomes an educational as well as professional asset for careers in either public service or private enterprise.

Application

Applicants to this program should apply to both schools simultaneously.

Program Requirements

A total of 84 units is required for the dual degree: 48 units of work in the Marshall School of Business and 36 units from the USC Price School of Public Policy. Students can complete the program on either a full- or part-time basis. The program normally requires five semesters of full-time study in residence.

Required courses that must be taken in the Marshall School of Business include: all required courses in an MBA program and graduate business electives sufficient to bring the total units completed in the Marshall School of Business to at least 48. Dual degree program students may not count courses taken outside the Marshall School of Business toward the 48 units.

See the USC Price School of Public Policy    for Master of Planning course requirements.

The MBA and MPl degrees are awarded simultaneously upon completion of all program requirements.

MBA Notesworld

Notes for the mba student.

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Preparing a Business Plan

Posted By: MbaNotesWorld January 22, 2011

• Section titles and page numbers ( for easy reference )
• Business Concept
• The business concept identifies your market potential within your industry and outlines your action plan for the coming year. Make sure your stated business goals are compatible with your personal goals, your own management ability and family considerations.
• The heart of the Business Concept is your monthly sales forecast for the coming year. It is your statement of confidence in your marketing strategy and forms the basis for your cash flow forecast and projected income statement.
• The business concept contains an assessment of business risks and a contingency plan. I urge you to take the offensive and be your own devil’s advocate. Being honest about your business risks and how you plan to deal with them is evidence of sound management.
• Product(s) or service ( pictures, drawings, characteristics, quality )
• Product protection/exclusive rights ( patents, copyrights, trade marks, franchise rights )
• Target market (typical customers identified by groups, present buying patterns and average purchase in dollars, wants and needs)
• Competitive advantage of your business concept ( your market niche, uniqueness, estimated market share ) Business location and size ( location(s) relative to market, size of premises )
• Staff and equipment needed ( overall requirement, capacity )
• Brief history ( principals involved, development work done )
• Distribution (direct to public, wholesale, retail, multiple outlets)
• Pricing (costing, mark-ups, margins, break-even)
• Promotion (media advertising, promotions, publicity-appropriate to reach target market)
• Guarantees (product guarantees, service warranties)
• Tracking methods (method for confirming who your customers are and how they heard about you)
• Monthly forecast for coming year (sales volume in units and dollars)
• Annual forecast for following 2-4 years (sales volume in dollars)
• Brief description of production process (don’t be too technical)
• Physical plant requirements (building, utility requirements, expansion capability, layout)
• Machinery and equipment (new or used, lease or purchase, capacity)
• Raw materials (readily available, quality, sources)
• Inventory requirements (seasonal levels, turnover  rates, method of control)
• Suppliers (volume discounts, multiple sources)
• Personnel required (full-time, part-time, skill level, availability, training required)
• Cost of facilities, equipment and materials (estimates and quotations)
• Capital estimates (one time start-up or expansion capital required)
• Purchasing plans (volume discounts, multiple sources, quality, price)
• Inventory system (seasonal variation, turnover rates, method of control)
• Space requirements (floor and office space, improvement required, expansion capability)
• Staff and equipment required (personnel by skill level, fixtures, office equipment)
• Share distribution (list of principal shareholders )
• List of contracts and agreements in force ( management contract, shareholder or partnership agreement, franchiser service agreement, service contract)
• Directors and officers ( names and addresses and role in company )
• Background of key management personnel ( brief resumes of active owners and key employees )
• Contract professionals/consultants ( possible outside assistance in specialized or deficient areas )
• Organization chart ( identify reporting relationships )
• Duties and responsibilities of key personnel ( brief job descriptions who are responsible for what? )
• What if . . . list of critical external factors ( identify effects of strikes, recession, new technology, weather, new competition, supplier problems, shifts in consumer demand )
• What if . . . list of critical internal factors (sales off by 30%, sales double, key manager quits, workers unionize)
• Dealing with risks (contingency plan to handle the most significant risks)
• Steps to accomplish this year’s goals ( flow chart by month or by quarter of specific action to be taken and by whom )
• Checkpoints for measuring results ( identify significant dates, sales levels, production levels as decision points )
• Previous years’ balance sheets and income statements ( include past 2-3 years if applicable )
• Opening balance sheet ( for a new business only )
• Projected income statements ( detailed operating forecast for next year of operation and less detailed forecast for following two years. Use sales forecast as starting point )
• Cash flow forecast (budget of cash inflow and outflow on a monthly basis for next year of operation)
• Purpose of term loan ( attach detailed description of assets to be financed with cost quotations )
• Owners’ equity ( your level of commitment to the program )
• Summary of term loan requirements ( for a particular project or for business as a whole )

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Business Law Notes | PDF, Syllabus | MBA, BBA, B COM 2024

• Post last modified: 13 October 2022
• Reading time: 30 mins read
• Post category: BBA Study Material / BCOM Study Material

Download  Business Law Notes , books, syllabus PDF for MBA, BBA, B.COM 2024. We provide complete business law pdf . Business law study material includes  business law notes , business law book , courses, case study, syllabus , question paper, MCQ, questions and answers and available in business law pdf  form.

Business Law subject is included in mba 1st semester subjects , business legislation mba notes , bcom 1st sem subjects and business law bba notes . So students can able to download business law notes for mba 1st sem pdf

Business Law Notes

( Click on Topic to Read )

What is Business Law?

• Indian Contract Act 1872
• Types of Contract
• Offer: Types, Elements
• Elements of a Valid Contract
• Performance of a Contract
• Discharge of Contract
• Sales of Goods Act 1930
• Goods & Price: Contract of Sale
• Conditions and Warranties
• Doctrine of Caveat Emptor
• Transfer of Property
• Rights of Unpaid Seller
• Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
• Types of Negotiable Instruments
• Types of Endorsement
• Promissory Note
• Bill of Exchange
• Crossing of Cheque

Table of Content

• 1 Business Law Syllabus
• 2 Business Law Notes PDF
• 3.1 What is Business Law?
• 3.2 Importance of Business Law
• 4 Business Law Questions and Answers
• 5 Business Law Question Paper
• 6 Business Law Book
• 7 Go On, Share & Help your Friend

Business Law Notes  can be downloaded in business law pdf from the below article.

Business Law Syllabus

A detailed Business Law Syllabus as prescribed by various Universities and colleges in India are as under. You can download the syllabus in business law pdf form.

Law of Contract : Offer and Acceptance, Capacity of Parties, Free Consent, Essentials of a Contract, Void Agreements and Contingent Agreements, Performance and Discharge, Remedies for Breach and Quasi Contracts, Consideration and Legality of Object.

Sale of Goods : Conditions and Warranties, Transfer of Ownership and Delivery, Rights of an Unpaid Seller, Nature of Contract of Sale.

The Negotiable Instrument Act : Nature and Types, Negotiation and Assignment. Holder in Due Course, Dishonor and Discharge a Negotiable Instruments.

The Companies Act : Types of Companies, Memorandum and Article of Association, Shareholders and Debenture Holders, Minority Protection, Winding-up.

Consumer Protection Act : Consumer Rights, Exploitation of Consumer, Consumer Protection, Utility of Consumerism.

Partnership : Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Partners, Dissolution of Partnership Firms, Definition and Registration of Partnership.

Business Law Notes PDF

Business Law Definition: Business Law is a law specialisation which is also referred to as Mercantile Law. Business Law deals with the laws on the basis of which every deal between people and commercial firms are governed.

Importance of Business Law

It’s important for business owners, managers, and other professionals to have a basic understanding of business law to help them make better decisions. Businesses need these laws for the same reasons that people do: to define unacceptable behaviour, to provide certainty and stability, to protect the public, and to provide a mechanism for businesses to resolve disputes.

Business Law Questions and Answers

Some of the business law questions and answers are mentioned below. You can download the QnA in business law pdf form.

• What Is Business Law?
• What Is The Meaning Of Mercantile Law?
• What do you mean by Negotiable Instruments? What are essential. characteristics of a ‘Promissory Note’?
• Describe the procedure of winding up of a company,
• Explain the procedure for complaint under the Consumer Protection Act along with an appropriate example.
• Write a short note on (any two)
• (a) Types of Contract
• (b) MOA (Memorandum of Association)
• (c) Rights of a Partner
• (d) The utility of Consumerism.

Business Law Question Paper

If you have already studied the business law notes , then its time to move ahead and go through previous year business law question paper .

It will help you to understand question paper pattern and type of business law questions and answers asked in mba, bba, bcom business law exam. You can download the syllabus in business law pdf form.

Business Law Book

Below is the list of business law book recommended by the top university in India.

• Avtar Singh, Mercantile Law, Eastern Book Company
• Chandra Bose, Business Laws, PHI, 2008
• Bulchandani, Business Law for Management, 2009, Himalaya Publishing
• Kumar, Legal Aspect of Business 1st, ed. 2009, Cengage Learning
• Taxman’s General and Commercial Laws, 2009
• M.C. Kuchhal Business Legislation for Management 2nd ed. Vikas Publishing

Below is the top business law book that can be bought from Amazon.

Business Law

• Author : M C Kuchhal, Vivek Kuchhal
• Publisher:  S Chand, 7e
• Amazon Bestsellers Rank : #53 in Business Law
• Customer Reviews: 4.7 out of 5
• Author : P C Tulsian, Bharat Tulsian
• Publisher:  McGraw Hill, 3e
• Amazon Bestsellers Rank : #71 in Business Law
• Customer Reviews: 4.5 out of 5

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Strategic Management Notes Download ✅ [2020] PDF

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MBA Books & Notes 2024 For All Semesters in PDF – 1st, 2nd Year

• Daily Exams
• March 24, 2023
• Books , Study Material

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Download  MBA Books & Notes For All Semesters in PDF – 1st, 2nd Year . MBA Full Form is Masters of Business Administration. Master of Business Administration is one of the popular, TWO-Year professional courses which is the ever demanding one in India ( एमबीए पुस्तकें ). MBA is an Internationally accepted master of post-graduate level degree.  Download MBA 1st year, 2nd-year notes latest 2024 from provided links.

MBA Notes & Books 2024 PDF – Free Download

MBA (Master of Business Administration) is a highly sought-after postgraduate degree that prepares individuals for leadership and management roles in various industries. To excel in an MBA program, it is essential to have access to high-quality notes and books that cover key concepts and principles.

Also, Check the following Links:

• The MBA Course Details
• Working Capital Management Notes
• International Human Resources Management Book
• Wages and Salary Administration Notes
• Organisational Dynamics Notes
• Download Management Change in Organisations Book
• Employment Relations Notes
• Download Managerial Economics Notes
• Information Systems for Managers Notes
• Accounting and Finance Book for Managers

One of the main benefits of using MBA notes and books is that they provide a comprehensive overview of the key topics covered in an MBA program. This includes subjects such as accounting, finance, marketing, operations, and organizational behavior, among others. With well-organized notes and books, students can review and reinforce their learning, ensuring that they have a solid foundation of knowledge to apply in their future careers.

MBA Full Form: Master of Business Administration

MBA Course Structure and Syllabus for 2-Years

The MBA Program Duration of the Course is 2 years, the typical full-time MBA student takes three  courses, per semester. Most full-time programs feature  two  semesters per academic year, which means students can expect to complete their degree  two  full years after they began the program.

Syllabus for MBA Course

The Master of Bussiness management syllabus can be defined below as subjects for sem Examination.

• Principles of Management
• Managerial Economics
• Accounting for Managers
• Business Legislation
• Business Communication & Information Systems
• Research Methodology & Quantitative Techniques
• Human Resource Management & Organizational Behaviour
• Financial Management
• Marketing Management
• Operations Management
• Cost Accounting
• Economic Environment of Business
• Strategic Management
• Summer Internship Project Assessment
• Project Management OR Environment Management
• Elective 1 – Paper-1 &2
• Elective 1 – Paper-1 & 2

One Foundation Course is to be selected by the student

• Business Ethics & Corporate Governance
• Entrepreneurship Development
• Project Work
• International Business Management OR Agri-Business Management
• Elective I – Paper-3
• Elective II – Paper-3

One Foundation Course is to be selected by the student.

MBA Specialization Courses:

•  Media
•  Nonprofit and Government
•  Operations and Logistics
•  Organizational
•  Risk Management
•  Sport management
•  Systems
• Aviation Management
• Family Business and Entrepreneurship
• Hospital and Health Care
• Hospitality Management
• Media and Entertainment Management
• Automobile Dealership Management
• Defense Technology Management

Download MBA Notes in PDF Format (एमबीए बुक्स)

Mba books & notes in pdf download.

Candidate can Download Books and Notes of MBA Course through the Individual Program by the links Download in Pdf Format

MBA Reference Books & Authors for All Semesters

We have Provide some Reference Books of the MBA Course for candidates Preparation.

•  Jain, S.P., and K.L. Narang (2014). Cost Accounting, 24/e; New Delhi: Kalyani Publications
• Khan, M.Y., and P.K. Jain (2013). Management Accounting: Text, Problems and Cases, 6/e; New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill
•  Koontz & Weirich: MANAGEMENT, McGraw-Hill.
• Hampton: MANAGEMENT, McGraw-Hill.
• Stoner & Wankel: MANAGEMENT, Prentice-Hall.
• Peter F. Drucker: PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT, Pan Books.
• Fred Luthans: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR, McGraw-Hill.
• Robbins: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR, McGraw-Hili.
•  Important Business Magazines like Business India, Business World, and Fortune
• Anyone Financial Daily: Economic Times, Financial Express, Business Standard.
•  Charumathi. B, and Vinayakam, N., FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.
• Maheshwari S.N., MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
• Hingorani, Ramanathan & Grewal, MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING.
•  Jain S.P. and Narang, K.L., COST ACCOUNTING.
•  Kapoor, N.D.: ELEMENTS OF MERCANTILE LAW.
• Maheswari & Maheswari: MERCANTILE LAW.
• Ramiah: COMPANY LAW.
•  Glueck, William F., and Lawrence R. Jauch: Business Policy and Strategic Management, McGraw Hill International Edition.
• H.Igor, Ansoff: Implanting Strategic Management, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
•  Michal, E Porter: The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, New Delhi.
• Mintzberg, Henry, and James Brian Quinn: The Strategy Process, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

List of Few Colleges offering MBA:

• Loyola Institute of Business Administration Chennai
• Nirma Institute of Management Ahmadabad
• Symbiosis Institute for Business Management
•  Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneshwar
• XLRI Management Institute Jamshedpur
• Indian School of Business Hyderabad
• Institute of Management Technology Ghaziabad

MBA Books Buy Online at Amazon

Here you can get the Books of MBA Course for References. There are Plenty Books for the MBA Programs according to their Specialization Courses. So We Provide Some Books of MBA program for Candidate Reference. Students can Get the Preparation Books on Sites like Amazon. Candidates can Refer the Amazon and buy through Online.

Check the Following Links for more information,

• B.Arch Books & Notes For All Semesters in PDF – 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Year
• BA Books & Notes For All Semesters in PDF – 1st, 2nd, 3rd Year
• B.Ed Books & Notes For All Semesters in PDF – 1st, 2nd Year

We’ve provided MBA Books & Notes in PDF for all Semesters. Any University student can download given MBA  Notes and Study material (SLM) or you can buy MBA   Books at Amazon also. Share this article with other MBA students who are searching for MBA Books for all years and help them to download MBA Notes in PDF Format.

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Please provide access to download the notes for the following subjects : 1) Project Planning, Analysis, and Management 2) Security Analysis and Investment Management 3) Human Resource Management

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